2023年定语从句关系词.pdf
精品资料 欢迎下载 定语从句在高一年级乃至整个高中阶段都是难点和重点,掌握一定的解题技巧对正确使用关系词及句子的理解有着重要的意义。首先要了解关系词的作用关系语引导定语从句;关系词代替先行词关系词在定语从句中担当一个成份。其次掌握关系词的分类:指人的关系代词:who(主语)whom(宾语)that(主语、宾语)指物的关系代词:which(主语、宾语)that(主语、宾语)whose(做定语,既指人,也指物)关系副语:when(时间)where(地点)why(原因),在分句当中做状语 第三,了解了关系词的作用和分类后,就可以进行练习了。例如:(1)He is the man,he lives next to me.主从句中的同类项都是 he,即:the man,而且 he 在分句中做主语,指人,因此关系代词用 who 或 that,然后根据组合规律即:先行词+关系词及其限定部分+其它说明成份做作出完整的定语从句:He is the man who lives next to me.他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。(2)I lost my watch,my Dad gave it to me as a gift.找出同类项:主句中的 watch,从句中的 it.确定成份:同类项 it 在从句中作宾语指物。确定关系代词:在从句中做宾语,指物,关系代词用 which 或 that;也可以省略。组合成句:I lost my watch(which/that)my Dad gave me as a gift.我丢掉了爸爸作为礼物送给我的钢笔。从上述两个句子中,我们还可以总结出定语的翻译特点:“的是”;或“的怎么样”。再如:The nurse who takes care of the disabled girl is very kind.照顾残疾女孩的那位护士很善良。例句(1)(2)是把两个分句连结为一个完整的定语从句,当然也可以通过破句的形式找出正确的关系词。(3)Ill never forget the days we spent together.理出主干句:Ill never forget those days.对找从句:we spent those days together.根据例句:(1)(2)的做法再重新组句:精品资料 欢迎下载 Ill never forget those days(that which)we spent together.这样,做宾语指事物的关系词 which/that得以确定,但是表示时间、地点的名语若在从句中作状语,则关系副词应为相应的 when 或 where.例:Ill never forget those days We played games in those days,together.分句中的 in those days 做时间状语,因此关系副语用 when,则此定语从句为:Ill never forget those days when we played games together.我永远不会忘记我们一起作游戏的那些日子。当然句中 those days 做介词 in 的宾语,而 those days 指事,从而构成介宾结构:in which.所以句中关系副词 when也可用 in which代替。通过上述练习,大家就会总结出一条解题途径来:一找(找同类项),二定(确定分句中同类项担任的成份,确定关系词),三组合(完成定语从句)结构:先行词+关系词及限定成份+其它 翻译:“的是什么”,“的怎么样”注:定语从句中,被关系词所代替的同类项不再出现。上面方法仅仅供初学定语从句的同学参考,随着定语从句的深入与多样化,相信每个人都会在学习中有所总结,在总结中有更大的提高。练习:(1-5)用合适的关系词填空。1.You can take anything you like.2.My brother still remember the day he joined the army.3.The place we visited last summer is very beautiful.4.The place we took a lot of photos is beautiful.5.The class room windows face south is ours.Answer:1.that 2.when/on which 3.which/that;(/)4.where/in which 5.whose 担当一个成份其次掌握关系词的分类指人的关系代词主语宾语主语宾语句中的同类项都是即而且在分句中做主语指人因此关系代词用或然后根作宾语指物确定关系代词在从句中做宾语指物关系代词用或也可以省略