2023年英语动词不规则变化表.pdf
学习必备 欢迎下载 英语动词不规则变化表 安徽省巢湖市烔炀中学 238072 葛 平 时态是中学阶段的重点,也是难点,而与其息息相关的动词(尤其是不规则动词)的过去式、过去分词的变化散乱难记,令人头疼。可仔细琢磨就不难发现它们的变化有一定的规律可循。记忆法一:常见 93 个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:一、AAA 型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共 9 个)costcostcost cutcutcut hithithit hurthurthurt letlet let putputput readreadread setsetset shutshutshut 二、ABB 型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共 41 个)1 过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。(3 个)bringbroughtbrought buy boughtbought thinkthoughtthought 2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把 d 变为 t。(4 个)buildbuiltbuilt lendlent lent sendsentsent spendspent spent 3 过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2 个)catchcaughtcaught teachtaughttaught 4 把-eep变为-ept。(3 个)keepkeptkept sleepsleptslept sweep sweptswept 5 把-ell变为-old。(2 个)telltoldtold sellsoldsold 6 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4 个)smellsmeltsmelt spellspeltspelt feelfelt felt spillspiltspilt 7 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加 t。(3 个)learnlearntlearnt 学习必备 欢迎下载 meanmeantmeant spoilspoiltspoilt 8 过去式、过去分词词尾是 d。(4 个)saysaidsaid paypaidpaid laylaidlaid hearheardheard 9 改变元音字母。(11 个)meetmetmet getgotgot sitsatsat find foundfound holdheldheld spitspatspat shine shoneshone winwonwon hanghunghung dig dugdug loselostlost 10 改变辅音字母。(1 个)makemademade 11 改变元、辅音字母。(4 个)leaveleftleft standstoodstood have(has)hadhad understandunderstoodunderstood 三、ABC 型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共 35 个)1 iau 变化。(6 个)beginbeganbegun drinkdrankdrunk sing sangsung ringrangrung swimswamswum sink sanksunk 2 词尾为-ow,-aw 时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加 n。(5 个)blowblewblown drawdrewdrawn grow grewgrown knowknewknown throwthrewthrown(show 除外)3 词尾为“i辅(1 个)e”,过去式将 i 变为 o,过去分词多在原形后加 n,若那个辅音字母为 d 或 t,须双写 d 或 t 后加 n。(4 个)(give,hide 除外)drivedrovedriven writewrotewritten 的规律可循记忆法一常见个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下一型即原形个过去式过去分词都含有或个过去式过去分词都在原形词尾加个学习必为过去分词在其原形后加个除外词尾为辅个过去式将变为过去分词多在学习必备 欢迎下载 ride roderidden riseroserisen 4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5 个)breakbrokebroken choosechosechosen freezefrozefrozen speakspokespoken wakewoke woken 5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1 个)forgetforgot forgotten 6 过去分词由原形加(e)n 构成。(6 个)bewas(were)been eatateeaten fallfellfallen givegavegiven seesawseen hidehidhidden(hid)7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2 个)taketooktaken mistakemistook mistaken 8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6 个)dodiddone flyflewflown gowentgone lielaylain showshowedshown wearworeworn 四、AAB 型,即过去式和原形相同。(1 个)beatbeatbeaten 五、ABA 型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3 个)comecamecome becomebecamebecome run ranrun 六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4 个)cancould maymight willwould shallshould 记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事的规律可循记忆法一常见个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下一型即原形个过去式过去分词都含有或个过去式过去分词都在原形词尾加个学习必为过去分词在其原形后加个除外词尾为辅个过去式将变为过去分词多在学习必备 欢迎下载 半功倍的效果。一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:costcuthithurtletputreadshut (细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母 t 结尾的。)二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:beatbeatbeaten 三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:comecamecome becomebecamebecome runranrun(come,become,属不规则变化,但 welcome 属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)四、过去式,过去分词相同:(1)去掉字母组合 ee 中的一个 e meetmetmet feedfedfed(2)去掉字母组合 ee 中的一个 e,然后再在词尾加 t feelfeltfelt sleepsleptslept keepkeptkept sweepsweptswept(3)词尾为的 ll 去掉一个 l加 t spellspeltspelt smellsmeltsmelt spillspiltspilt(4)过去式和过去分词以 aught 或 ought 结尾 catchcaughtcaught teachtaughttaught bringbroughtbrought buyboughtbought thinkthoughtthought(5)将 stand 改为 stood standstoodstood understandunderstoodunderstood(6)将 ay 改为 aid laylaidlaid paypaidpaid saysaidsaid(7)将 d 改为 t lendlentlent sendsentsent spendspentspent buildbuiltbuilt(8)将 i 改为 a,o,u 等 的规律可循记忆法一常见个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下一型即原形个过去式过去分词都含有或个过去式过去分词都在原形词尾加个学习必为过去分词在其原形后加个除外词尾为辅个过去式将变为过去分词多在学习必备 欢迎下载 sitsatsat spitspatspat digdugdug winwonwon(9)将 ell 改为 old telltoldtold sellsoldsold(10)词尾加 t learnlearntlearnt meanmeantmeant dreamdreamtdreamt spoilspoiltspoilt(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的:learnlearntlearnt learnlearnedlearned shineshoneshone shineshinedshined hanghunghung hanghangedhanged smellsmeltsmelt smellsmelledsmelled burn/burnt/burnt burn/burned/burned light/lii/lit light/lighted/lighted(12)其它 have(has)hadhad hearheardheard shootshotshot loselostlost holdheldheld getgotgot(AmE gotten)findfoundfound makemademade leaveleftleft 五、三者均不同:(1)过去式以 ew 结尾、过去分词以 own 结尾 blowblewblown flyflewflown grow grewgrown knowknewknown throwthrewthrown 值得注意的是:showshowedshown 或 showed drawdrewdrawn(2)改 i 为 a 变成过去式、改 i 为 u 变成过去分词 beginbeganbegun drinkdrankdrunk ringrangrung singsangsung swimswamswum sinksanksunk(3)改 i 为 o 变成过去式,过去分词以 n 结尾 drivedrovedriven writewrotewritten riseroserisen rideroderidden(4)原形后加 n 变成过去分词 的规律可循记忆法一常见个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下一型即原形个过去式过去分词都含有或个过去式过去分词都在原形词尾加个学习必为过去分词在其原形后加个除外词尾为辅个过去式将变为过去分词多在学习必备 欢迎下载 drivedrovedriven riseroserisen eatateeaten givegavegiven fallfellfallen(5)过去式后加 n 变成过去分词 breakbrokebroken choosechosechosen freezefrozefrozen mistakemistookmistaken stealstolestolen speakspokespoken taketooktaken wakewokewoken(或 woke)(6)其它 bewas 或 werebeen dodiddone forget forgot forgotten gowentgone hidehidhidden seesawseen wearworeworn 六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。wakewokewoken(或 woke)wakewakedwaked sinksanksunk sinksunksunken 七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:shine、hang 的两种过去式和过去分词:shoneshone 照耀 shinedshined 擦亮 hunghung 悬挂 hangedhanged 绞死 八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词 lie 躺卧 laylainlying(现在分词)lay 放,下蛋 laidlaidlaying find 找到、发现 findfoundfound found 创建,成立 foundfoundedfounded 九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆(一)词义相对:(1)come camecome 来 gowentgone 去(2)give gavegiven 给getgotgot(AmE gotten)获得(3)sleepsleptslept 睡觉wakewokewoken(或 woke)或 wakewakedwaked 醒来(4)riseroserisen 上升、上涨、升起fallfellfallen 下降、落下、倒下 sinksanksunk sinksunksunken 沉下,(使)下沉(5)buyboughtbought 买 sellsoldsold 出售,卖(6)taketooktaken 带去bringbroughtbrought 带来(7)teachtaughttaught 教learnlearntlearnt 或 learnlearnedlearned 学习、学会(8)loselostlost 丢失、失败findfoundfound 找到 的规律可循记忆法一常见个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下一型即原形个过去式过去分词都含有或个过去式过去分词都在原形词尾加个学习必为过去分词在其原形后加个除外词尾为辅个过去式将变为过去分词多在学习必备 欢迎下载 winwonwon 赢得、(获)胜(9)standstoodstood 站、立sitsatsat 坐(10)sendsentsent 送、寄、发送getgotgot 获得、收到 (二)词义相近:(1)beatbeatbeaten 打,打败 winwonwon 赢得、获胜(2)understandunderstoodunderstood 懂,了解 knowknewknown 知道,了解,认识(3)getgotgot(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得 becomebecamebecome 变成,成为,变得 gowentgone 变成 turnturnedturned 变成(4)spendspentspent 花费、度过 paypaidpaid 支付、交纳 costcostcost 花费、价值为 taketooktaken 花费(5)saysaidsaid 说、讲 speakspokespoken 说、演讲 telltoldtold 告诉、说、吩咐、断定 talktalkedtalked 谈话,讲,谈论,议论 记忆法三:1无变化,过去式与原形相同。letlet,putput,hithit,mustmust,setset,beatbeat,castcast,costcost,cutcut,hurthurt,readred,shutshut (shedshed splitsplit spreadspread burstburst)2元音字母的变化。ia:beginbegan,drinkdrank,ringrang,singsang,swimswam,givegave,sitsat,sinksank io:drivedrove,riderode,shineshone,writewrote,riserose,winwon,(strivestrove arisearose)iou:findfound(windwound,bindbound,grindground)aoo:taketook,shakeshook eo:getgot,forgetforgot oa:comecame,becomebecame ooo:shootshot,choosechose 3元音字母组合的变化。aw/ow/y ew:drawdrew,blowblew,growgrew,knowknew,throwthrew,flyflew 4元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。的规律可循记忆法一常见个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下一型即原形个过去式过去分词都含有或个过去式过去分词都在原形词尾加个学习必为过去分词在其原形后加个除外词尾为辅个过去式将变为过去分词多在学习必备 欢迎下载(1)sellsold,telltold,retellretold (2)saysaid,paypaid,laylaid,relayrelaid (3)sweepswept,keepkept,sleepslept,creepcrept (4)bringbrought,buybought,thinkthought,fightfought (5)catchcaught,teachtaught (6)cancould,willwould,shallshould 5辅音字母变化。(1)buildbuilt,sendsent,bendbent,lendlent,rendrent,spendspent (2)makemade,havehad,hearheard (3)meanmeant,learnlearnt 的规律可循记忆法一常见个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下一型即原形个过去式过去分词都含有或个过去式过去分词都在原形词尾加个学习必为过去分词在其原形后加个除外词尾为辅个过去式将变为过去分词多在