2023年版外研版高考英语一轮复习学案第1部分选修8Module5TheConquestoftheUniverseWord版含解析.pdf

Module 5The Conquest of the Universe(对应学生用书第 231 页)单词拼写应用 .考纲单词 会拼写要识记1accustomedadj.习惯的2burst v.爆炸；迸发3view v.看，观察n.观点；风景4acknowledge v.承认；认为5accuse v.指责6witness v 目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历7decade n 十年8random adj.任意的；随机的9authority n 权力；权威10swear v 起誓保证11sorrow n 悲伤；悲痛12latter n(刚提及的两个人或物之中的)后一个，第二个13abstract adj.抽象的14foresee v 预知；预见15broad adj.丰富的；广泛的16sympathy n 同情；同情心17consistent adj.一致的；吻合的18faith n 宗教信仰19dignity n 尊贵；尊严20stable adj.稳定的；安定的21deliberately adv.蓄意地，故意地.派生单词 能辨别1assumev 假定，假设 assuming conj.如果 assumption n假定，假设2patience n耐心patient adj.忍耐的，有耐性的n.病人 patiently adv.耐心地3dependv 依靠；取决于 dependent adj.依赖的 dependence n依赖，依靠 independence n独立4relief n安慰；宽慰 relieve vt.安慰5devotev 献身，致力 devoted adj.忠诚的 devotion n 忠诚6consult v咨询；请教 consultant n顾问.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1The doctor said patiently，“Just a little patience Im examining the patient ”(patient)2Mr.Black is my devoted friend.He devotes his life to doing scientific research.I respect his devotion to science.(devote)3It is assumed that hard work leads to great success，so we assume him to be successful.But assuming that he isnt that lucky，what shall we do to comfort him？(assume)4At first，Anne totally depended on Jack，her husband.After many years of struggle，she gained her independence and now she is dependent on herself to lead a new life.(depend)拓展联想 “悲伤”一族sorrow n悲伤；悲痛sorrowful adj.悲伤的sad adj.难过的sadness n.悲哀grief n.悲痛；忧伤miserable adj.悲惨的mournful adj.悲哀的heartbroken adj.悲伤的短语多维应用 .短语回顾 会默写1in spite of 不管2at the very beginning of 在一开始的时候3a series of 一系列的；一连串的4accuse sb.of sth.指责/控告某人某事5pray for 祈望；祈求6be similar to 与相似的7set in motion 使某事开始8make it 成功；准时到达9set out 开始做；着手进行10get/be accustomed to sth./doing sth.习惯于.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1A great many teenagers are/were accustomed to playing computer games，wasting their precious time.2How I wish that I could set out my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the Net.3Though he had tried to climb to the top of the mountain several times，he didnt make it4He always did well at school in spite of having to do part-time jobs every now and then.5The conflicts between different ethnic groups caused a series of wars.拓展联想 无被动语态短语小结break out 爆发belong to 属于consist of 由组成come true 变成现实take place 发生date from/back to 追溯到句式结构仿写 教材原句 会背诵句式仿写能应用1.sb./sth.seem(s)/seemed to have done某人/物似乎做了某事By the time the Challengertook off in 1986，the world seemed to have lost its fear and wonder at the amazing achievement of people going up into space.1.他好像已经读过这部小说了，因为他对里面的情节了解得蛮多的。He seems to have read the novel because he knows much about the plots.2.be to do 依照安排将要发生的动作或将来必然会出现的动作An ordinary teacher，Christa McAuliffe，37，who was married with two children，was to be the first civilian in space.2.明天学生们将在学校大门口集合。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow.3.no 比 较 级 than.和 一 样不The world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be no moredangerous than getting on an aeroplane.3.你和你弟弟都不仔细。你们两个无法做好这份需要细心和技巧的工作。You are no more careful than your brother You two cant do the work that needs care and skill well.4.as 引导让步状语从句Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who 4.虽然听起来有点奇怪，但他的想法值得一试。Strange as it might sound，his idea was actually worth practicing.landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars.(对应学生用书第 232 页)精讲 3 个考纲单词accustomedadj.习惯的；通常的，惯常的教材原句 Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July，1969，people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.自从尼尔 阿姆斯特朗在 1969 年 7 月 21 日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。(1)be accustomed to(doing)sth.be used to(doing)sth.习惯于做某事(状态)get/become accustomed to(doing)sth.get/become used to(doing)sth.习惯于做某事(动作)(2)accustom vt.使习惯于accustom oneself to(doing)sth.使自己习惯于做某事They are quiet，arent they？(江苏高考)他们很安静，不是吗？Yes.They are accustomed to not talking(talk)at meals.是的，他们习惯了吃饭时不说话。He had accustomed himself to climbing(climb)the steep mountain，so he had no difficulty reaching the top.已经习惯于爬陡峭的山，所以他到达山顶一点困难也没有。链接写作【导学号：44040105】我习惯于生活在乡村，总是觉得生活在城里很困难。普通表达：I am accustomed to living/accustom myself to living in the countryside，and I always find it hard to live in the city.高级表达：Accustomed to living in the countryside，I always find it hard to live in the city.(分词短语作状语)高级表达：Accustoming myself to living in the countryside，I always find it hard to live in the city.(现在分词短语作状语)assume v假设，假定；担任，承担；认为高考佳句 Where unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.(江苏高考)在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，我们可以假定高犯罪率是由高失业率造成的。(1)assume that.假定，认为assume.to be.认为是；假定是(2)assumption n假定；假设(3)assuming that 假定(作状语)We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.尚未证实他有罪，我们就必须假定他是清白的。Assuming(assume)that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money？(朗文辞典)假定这个建议被采纳，我们什么时候能拿到钱？A lot of people make the assumption(assume)that poverty only exists in the Third World.许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。链接写作普通表达：People assume that stress is caused by too much work.高级表达：Its generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.(it 作形式主语)表示“假设，假定”，相当于 if 的特殊形式：Suppose/Supposing that you are the manager of a shop，you are to consider how to manage it well.假如你是一家商店的经理，你就要考虑如何将店经营好。Provided/Providing thatyou have made some progress in your study，you should not be proud.假如你在学习上取得了一些进步，也不应该骄傲。acknowledgev承认；告知(收到)；确认；认为；感谢经典佳句 It is widely acknowledged thatthe shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.人们普遍认为人与人之间的最短的距离是真诚的微笑。(1)acknowledge doing sth.承认做了某事acknowledge sth./that.从句承认acknowledge sb.as./to be.认为是(常用于被动语态)(2)It is widely/universally acknowledged that.大家公认As we all know，Lang Lang is acknowledged as/to beone of the greatest pianists.众所周知，郎朗被认为是最杰出的钢琴家之一。With no solid evidence，he refused to acknowledge stealing/having stolen(steal)the ladys purse.没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了这位女士的钱包。链接写作普通表达：People widely acknowledge that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.(福建高考)高级表达：It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.(it 作形式主语)consult v咨询；商讨；向 请教；查阅高考佳句 If you have any doubts about your health，youd better consult your doctor at once.(2015 天津高考)你如果对自己的健康有任何疑问，最好马上咨询你的医生。(1)consult sb.about sth.向某人请教/咨询某事consult with sb.about sth.与某人商量/磋商某事(2)consult a map/the dictionary/ones notes/a doctor 查阅地图/查字典/查看笔记/找医生看病(3)consultant nC 顾问；会诊医生Please dont consult a dictionary every time you meet a new word.请不要每次遇到生词就查词典。You should consult with your parents about your future plans.你应该与父母商量你的未来计划。名师点津 关于“查字典”的表达法有：consult a dictionary，refer to a dictionary，look up.in a dictionary 等。链接写作普通表达：After I consulted with my teacher，I decided on science as my main subject of study.高级表达：Having consulted with my teacher，I decided on science as my main subject of study.(非谓语动词作状语)诠释 1 个核心短语accuse sb.of doing sth.控告/指责某人某事经典例句 He was accused of cheating in the competition by some people.有些人指责他在比赛中作弊。(1)accuse sb.of(doing)sth.charge sb.with(doing)sth.指责/控告某人(做)某事(2)the accused 被告The accused(accuse)was thought of as a murderer，but the judge found him innocent.那个被告被认为是谋杀犯，但是法官发现他是无罪的。The man who was accused of stealing the car said that he was innocent.The man who was charged with stealing the car said that he was innocent.被控告偷车的人说他是无辜的。链接写作普通表达：The woman was accused of stealing 1.2 million dollars and she was trying to find herself a lawyer.高级表达：The woman accused of stealing 1.2 million dollars was trying to find herself a lawyer.(过去分词短语作定语)(1)与 accuse sb.of sth.意义相近的短语：charge sb.with sth.控告/指责某人 condemn sb.for(doing)sth.谴责某人 blame sb.for(doing)sth.责备某人 scold sb.for(doing)sth.指责某人(2)类似 accuse sb.of sth.的动词短语还有：remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物rid sb.of sth.使某人摆脱某物inform sb.of sth.告知某人某事cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的某种疾病suspect sb.of sth.怀疑某人做某事warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事突破 1 个高考句型(教材 P69)Incredible as it may seem，both the observations of science and the evidence of our eyes lead to the inescapable assumption that those strange beings who landed in the New Jersey farmlands tonight are the vanguard of an invading army from the planet Mars.尽管看起来不可思议，但科学观测以及我们肉眼看到的证据都必然会让我们做出一个设想，那就是今晚降落在新泽西农场的怪物就是来自火星入侵部队的先导。本句为主从复合句，Incredible as it may seem是由 as 引导的让步状语从句，其中 Incredible as it may seemAlthough it may seem incredible。as 引导让步状语从句时，从句须倒装。其结构为：(1)单数可数名词(无冠词)as主语 be其他成分(2)形容词 as主语 be其他成分(3)动词原形 as主语助动词/情态动词其他成分(4)副词 as主语谓语动词其他成分Cheap as iPhone 8 is，many people refuse to buy it because its out of date.虽然苹果 8 手机很便宜，但因为过时了，很多人不愿意买它。Try as he might，he couldnt solve the problem.尽管他想方设法，却未能解决这个问题。Teacher as he is，he cant know everything.他虽然是老师，但也不可能什么都懂。Hard as he worked，he failed in the 2018 College Entrance Examination.他学习很努力，但是没有通过2018 年高考。名师点津 though 引导让步状语从句时，从句的语序可与as 从句相同，也可用正常语序；although 引导让步状语从句时不能用倒装语序。多角快练练单词 练短语 练句型(对应学生用书第 234 页).单句语法填空1(2017 安徽六校联考)This company was accused(accuse)of using misleading advertisements in its promotion of the weightloss pills.2Shall we go for a drink at one oclock this afternoon?Sorry，I cant make it Will two oclock be OK?3In spite of what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people，a shortage of public vehicles remains a problem.4What about the two cars?This one is no more expensive(expensive)than that one.But the blue one uses less oil.5At last，the boy acknowledged stealing/having stolen(steal)the money from his mothers pocket.6Mary seems not to have learned(learn)the bad news，for she looks nice and happy.7The teacher will put forward a variety of questions，depending(depend)on your different answers.8(2017 浙江金华十校期末)Devoted(devote)to his teaching work all the time，and finding that he was really exhausted，the teacher decided to have a good rest.9It rained heavily the whole night.But much to my relief(relieve)，my daughter arrived home from the airport safe and sound.10 (陕 西 高 考)To work out the difficult maths problem，I have consulted(consult)Professor Russell several times.单句改错1It is not an easy thing to get accustomed to live in a completely strange environment.live living 2This is assumed that keeping calm in an urgent time is a good quality.ThisIt 3Child although he is，he likes to be treated like an adult.althoughas 或though 4 The famous doctor is going to set out performing the operation，so please keep calm.out about 5Assumed that you are chosen to be a volunteer at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games，what will you do？Assumed Assuming(对应学生用书第 235 页).课文语法填空根据 P5859教材课文内容，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot 1.on the Moon back on 21st July，1969，people have become 2.accustomed(accustom)to the idea of space travel.All three astronauts made it 3.safely(safe)back to Earth，4.using(use)a spaceship computer that was much less powerful 5.than the ones used by the average school students today.By the time the Challenger took off in 1986，the world seemed 6.to have lost(lose)its fear and wonder at the 7.amazing(amaze)achievement of people going up into space.But this was going to be a special flight and so 8.millions(million)of people tuned in to witness the take-off on TV.Sadly the Challenger had exploded in mid-air.It 9.happened(happen)so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock.In spite of all our advanced technology，the world is still only at 10.the very beginning of its voyage into space.写作改错双练根据提示，利用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。1尽管我在这儿待了很久了，但我仍不习惯这儿的生活。(as 引导让步状语从句；be accustomed to)2我承认来这儿是我做的错误选择。(acknowledge)3假设我再有一次机会，我会做出不同的选择。(assume)4使我安慰的是朋友们常来看我。(to ones relief)5尽管也有快乐，但我还是想回家乡。(in spite of)6所以我必须耐心点，尽量习惯这儿的生活。我想我能做得到。(patience；make it)第一步：练写作用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。第二步：练改错下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5 处错误，请你帮他纠正过来。Very long although I stay here，I am still not accustomed to the life here.I acknowledge I made such a wrong choice of coming here.Assumed I had a chance again，I would have a different choice.To my relieve，my friends often come to see me.In spite of some happiness，I still want to go back to his hometown.So I must try my best have patience and become used to the life here.I think I can make it.【答案】Very long althoughas/thoughI stay here，I am still not accustomed to the life here.I acknowledge I made such a wrong choice of coming here.AssumedAssumingI had a chance again，I would have a different choice.To my relieverelief，my friends often come to see me.In spite of some happiness，I still want to go back to hismyhometown.So I must try my best to have patience and become used to the life here.I think I can make it.