中考英语书面表达常见错误分析.pdf

中考英语书面表达常见错误分析 中考英语书面表达常见错误分析（一）审题错误要点领悟与汉语作文一样,英语书面表达的审题也十分重要。审题包括此篇文章要传递给读者什么样的信息，告诫读者什么（即写作目的）。由于英语书面表达的篇幅很有限，所以要求作者在写作时要精心组织材料，紧扣主题。信息提示太白山是陕西著名的森林游览胜地。一年四季都有其独特的景色（scene）。不过，游览太白山的最佳时机是春天。每当春天来临,青山滴翠，美丽的景色吸引了许多游客前来踏青观光。可几年前,游人不注意保护环境，乱扔垃圾,攀折树枝花草，猎杀野鸟,点火野餐,致使环境一度恶化。请你写篇报道，说明太白山旅游环境的变化。习作实况Taibai Mountain is a famous place of interest in Shaanxi Province.It has its special scenes all the year round,and spring is the besttime to visit it.When spring comes,the days get longer and longerand the weather get warmer and warmer.Trees are beginning toturn green,and flowers come out.Everything begins to grow(1).The mountains are covered with a lot of green tall trees and allkinds of colorful wild flowers.It is so beautiful that a lot of visitorscome here and enjoy its beauty every day.But a few years ago,someof the visitors paid no attention to protecting the environment.Theyused to throw lots of rubbish such as plastic bags,fruit skins andwaste paper on the ground.They dont know that cleaners workfrom morning till night to sweep away the rubbish and waste things(2).Sometimes they broke some branches,picked flowers and evenkilled birds.Some even made fires in the forest to cook food.Howdangerous it was!Luckily enough,the local government has begunto do something to stop polluting the area.Great changes havetaken place here.New roads and nice hotels have been built;treesand flowers are planted around them.Visitors are asked to takeplastic bags and put their rubbish in them(3).精讲点拨(1)这一部分应当删掉。文章应围绕太白山景区的景色和环境保护主题展开，与太白山有关的春景可以略写,但不宜用太多的笔墨去描绘春天,这不仅加长了篇幅，也冲淡了主题。(2)这一部分也应当删掉。因为，这里批评了游客乱扔垃圾的不良现象，由于篇幅的限制,没有必要再去谈论清洁工是如何清理这些垃圾的。(3)这一部分同样需要删掉。根据上文不难看出，本文主要谈论太白山旅游区的环境污染问题，以及政府采取措施后环境的变化。没有必要去描述基础设施的变化。总而言之，英文作文中，应特别注意避免想起什么写什么，随意发挥，淡化主题。精彩例文Taibai Mountain is a famous place of interest in ShaanxiProxdnce.It has its special scenes all the year round,and spring isthe best time to visit it.When spring comes,the mountains arecovered with a great many green tall trees and all kinds of colorfulwild flowers.It is so beautiful that a lot of visitors come here andenjoy its beauty every day.But a few years ago,some of the visitorspaid no attention to protecting the environment.They used tothrow lots of rubbish such as plastic bags,fruit skins and wastepaper on the ground.Sometimes they broke some branches,pickedflowers and even killed birds.Some even made fires in the forest tocook food.How dangerous it was!Luckily enough,the localgovernment has begun to do something to stop polluting the area.Great changes have taken place here.中考英语书面表达常见错误分析（二）文不达意【要点领悟】在英语书面表达的提示信息中，常有这样的语句“可适当增加细节”或“可适当发挥”，但所增加的内容应该与文章相关。如果所“发挥”的内容与文章无关，就是“画蛇添足”了。【信息提示】根 据 下 面 的4幅图画用英语写一篇短文,要求故事包括所有图画的主要内容，可以适当增加细节，使意思连贯。词 数 在100以上。【习作实况】One day,an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in herhand.She went to do some shopping.Just then a car came up andshe was knocked down onto the ground.She was badly injured andcouldnt move.But to everyones anger,the car ran away as quicklyas it could.The old woman had to lie on the ground and cried(1).Luckily,a man,who was sweeping the street nearby,saw this.Heran quickly up to her and helped her stand up.He was angry withthe driver(2).Then he took her to the nearest hospital.There adoctor examined her carefully and gave her some medical care.Afterthat,the dustman took her home.When the old womans daughterknew what had happened to her mother,she was moved deeply andthanked him very much.After a while the dustman left and went todo his work.The daughter thanked him again .【精讲点拨】(I)此句与图中提示不相符，应删去。(2)此处加写这句属多余，也与图画内容不符。文章写到“.very much.”处已经很完整了，加上这一句使行文显得重复、累赘。【精品范文】One day,an old woman was crossing the street with a basket in herhand.She went to do some shopping.Just then a car came up andshe was knocked down onto the ground.She was badly injured andcouldnt move a little.Luckily,a man,who was sweeping the streetnearby,saw this.He ran quickly up to her and helped her stand up.Then he took her to the nearest hospital.There a doctor examinedher carefully and gave her some medical care.After that,thedustman took her home.When the old womans daughter knewwhat had happened to her mother,she was moved deeply andthanked him very much.中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(三)名词单复数【要点领悟】同学们在写作时,往往把重点放在文章的构思和句子结构上，有时忽略了名词的单复数。在中考作文中，如果名词的数使用混乱,也会导致较多的失分。【信息提示】假如你是吴强，去年春天和几位同学到东浦岛野餐，以“Thehappiest day”为题写一篇8cM00词的作文。要求条理清晰、意思连贯、语句通顺、标点规范。【习作实况】The happiest dayLast spring my classmate(1)and I went to Dongpu Island to havea picnic.It was March 2.The weather was fine and there was hardlya cloud in the sky.We started early that morning.We all carriedsomething nice to eat and drink.We sang happily on our ways(2)there.After about one and a halfhour(3),we got to the island.The water in the lake was nice andclean and we could see flowers and grasses(4)all around us.Howbeautiful it was!After about twenty minutes(5)rest,we dividedourselves into four groups and cooked our lunch.Most of us did thecooking for the first time.After a while,everything was ready.Weput all the food on a big piece of paper.There was meat,fish,fruitand vegetable(6).How delicious they were!We enjoyed our lunchand there was a big smile on everyones faces(7).【精讲点拨】(l)classmate在本句中看不出错误来,如果结合第二段的 fourgroups就可发现classmate要用复数形式。(2)在 on ones way结构中,way没有复数形式。(3)这儿不是半个小时，而是一个半小时，所以hour要用复数。(4)此处指普通的草，多用单数。(5)此处应将 minutes 改为 minutes,B|J twenty minutes5 resto此处应用vegetable的复数形式vegetableso(7)这儿指的是每个人的脸上，应将faces改为face。【精品范文】The happiest dayLast spring my classmates and I went to Dongpu Island to have apicnic.It was March 2.The weather was fine and there was hardly acloud in the sky.We started early that morning.We all carriedsomething nice to eat and drink.We sang happily on the way there.After about one and a halfhours,we got to the island.The water in the lake was nice and cleanand we could see flowers and grass all around us.How beautiful itwas!After about twenty minutes rest,we divided ourselves intofour groups and cooked our lunch.Most of us did the cooking forthe first time.After a while,everything was ready.We put all thefood on a big piece of paper.There was meat,fish,fruit andvegetables.How delicious they were!We enjoyed our lunch andthere was a big smile on everyones face.中考英语书面表达常见错误分析（四）文体格式错误要点领悟英文日记的写作在全国各地中考书面表达题中占有较大的比例。它属于应用文的一种，这类书面表达题可以是提示性作文，也可以是看图（表）作文，无论是哪种形式，都要求按日记的格式进行写作。写作前都要仔细审题，抓住要点，理清叙述的顺序。信息提示2008年3月12日是星期一，也是植树节。那天天气晴朗，上 午8点半,老师和同学们在校门口集合，步行去西山植树。植树前，老师告诉同学们树木可以净化空气、防风固土、美化环境，并要求每人栽五棵小树。同学们干得都很卖力。班长林涛不顾生病，完成自己的任务后,又帮助其他人，他是我们学习的好榜样。请根据提示内容，写一篇日记。习作实况2008.3.12 Monday(1)Sunny(2)Dear friends(3),It is March 12th today.At half past eight,all the teachers andstudents in our school gathered in front of the school gate.Then wewent on foot to the Western Hill to plant trees.Before we startedworking,the teacher gave us a talk on the importance of plantingtrees.He said that trees can help to keep the air clean,protect usfrom strong wind and sand and make our city more beautiful.Thenhe showed us how to plant trees and asked each of us to plant atleast five trees.After that we started working.Some strong boys dug holes,somecarried water and some girls put trees in the holes.We all workedhard.Among us,Lin Tao,our monitor set a good example to us.Though he was ill,he worked harder.When he finished his task,hewent on to help others.He was wet all over after work.Looking atthe lines of the young trees,we smiled happily.Truly yours,(4)Mary Baker(5)精讲点拨（1）将日记的日期 2008.3.12 Monday 改为 Monday,March 12th,2008或March 12th,2008,Mondayo写英文日记时应注意以下两点英文日记的格式与中文日记的格式相差不大。日期和星期应写在第一行的左上角顶格位置，日期和星期的写法应注意:年、月、日俱全吐可按月、日、年或日、月、年的次序写。如:March 12th,2008或12thMarch,2008;只有月、日时,其顺序为月、日,月份可用缩略式。如:September 20th或Sept.20th;如果要写明星期几，可将其放在日期的前面或后面。如:Friday,Oct.20,2008或Oct.20,2008,Fridayo（2）写日记时，天气状况应写在日期的右边且靠右顶格，而不是写在日期的下面。天气状况一般用形容词表示。如:Fine（晴）,Sunny（晴）,Rainy（雨）,Snowy（雪）,Windy（多风）,Cloudy（多云）等。（3）本文要求写一篇日记，而不是书信。Dear friends是用在写信时的称呼语,在写日记时应去掉。（4）和（5）都是书信的落款格式，不能用在日记的写作中，要去掉。在写作文时，同学们一定要熟练掌握书信和日记的写作格式，不能混淆。精彩例文Monday,Marchl2th,2007 SunnyIt is March 12th today.At half past eight,all the teachers andstudents in our school gathered in front of the school gate.Then wewent on foot to the Western Hill to plant trees.Before we started working,the teacher gave us a talk on theimportance of planting trees.He said that trees can help to keep theair clean,protect us from strong wind and sand and make our citymore beautiful.Then he showed us how to plant trees and askedeach of us to plant at least five trees.After that we started working.Some strong boys dug holes,somecarried water and some girls put trees in the holes.We all workedhard.Among us,Lin Tao,our monitor set a good example to us.Though he was ill,he worked harder.When he finished his task,hewent on to help others.He was wet all over after work.Looking atthe lines of the young trees,we smiled happily.中考英语书面表达常见错误分析（五）用词不当要点领悟】文章构思新颖、结构严谨固然重要，但它只是文章的骨架。要充实内容，就得有一定的遣词造句的功力，在此基础知识就显得尤为重要了。【信息提示】李华平时总是忙于功课,很少做家务。母亲节这一天，她想帮妈妈做饭，却不小心切了手指，本想让妈妈在节日期间好好休息，却未能如愿。以“On Mothers Day”为题写一篇词 数 为80400的短文。要求条理清晰、意思连贯、语句通顺、标点正确。【习作实况】On Mothers DayIm usually busy with my studies and do few(1)housework whenI come back from school.It was Mother1 s Day yesterday.I wantedMum to have a good rest and I did all instead(2)her.I got up earlyyesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables,fish and meat inthe market.I washed them and then began to cook.I was sure Icould do as well like(3)Mum.Bad luck!I cut one of my fingers andcried out.Mum and Dad rushed into(4)and Mum asked Dad totake me to the hospital.When we came back,dinner(5)ready.I feltsorry and said,“Mum had a busy Mother1 s Day again!”【精讲点拨】(l)housework是不可数名词，应 用little来修饰。(2)instead是副词,后不能接宾语，这 儿 应 该 用instead of o(3)like虽然可用作介词，意为“像”，但 这 儿 是as.as 结构，因此此处应改为 as well as.o(4)into是介词，其后要接宾语，但句中无宾语,所以改为副词in。(5)ready是形容词，不能单独作谓语,所以其前要加was。【精品范文】On Mothers DayIm usually busy with my studies and do little housework when Icome back from school.It was Mothers Day yesterday.I wantedMum to have a good rest and I did all instead of her.I got up earlyyesterday morning and bought a lot of vegetables,fish and meat inthe market.I washed them and then began to cook.I was sure Icould do as well as Mum.Bad luck!I cut one of my fingers and criedout.Mum and Dad rushed in and Mum asked Dad to take me to thehospital.When we came back,dinner was ready.I felt sorry andsaid,uMum had a busy Mothers Day again!中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(六)汉式英语要点领悟不同的民族有不同的语言表达习惯。我国学生在用英语写作时由于受汉语表达习惯的影响，加之对英语词语的真正含义把握不准彳主往拿汉语去套英语，结果写出的文章到处都是汉式英语(Chinglish)o这样的文章，只有中国人能看懂，外国人看不懂。这就达不到与外国人交流思想的目的。要改变这种状况，一是要准确把握英语词语的含义，二是要排除汉语表达习惯的干扰。这样才能写出地道的英语文章。信息提示你家里养了一只猫,她很小，也很可爱。由于她的存在，你们全家人都很快乐。昨天晚上你去商店给她买食物，在回家的路上下起了大雨。当你到家时，你浑身都湿透了。虽然淋了雨，但是你很高兴。不管怎么说，小猫不用挨饿了。习作实况My home(1)raises a lovely small cat.My family are alwayshappy because of her.I went to the store to buy some food for heryesterday night(2).Unluckily,there was a big rain(3)on my wayhome.When I got home,I was all wet(4).Although I was wet,but(5)I was very happy.No matter how to say(6),the cat would notbe hungry.精讲点拨上面的这篇习作虽然我们都能看懂是什么意思,但由于受汉语思维的影响，里面充满了因文化差异而产生的错误。(1)“home”的汉语意思虽然也是“家”，但它指“家”时一般只指地点而不指人。根据英语习惯该句应改为My family has a lovelysmall cat 或 We keep a lovely small cat at home。(2)“昨天晚上”要 么 表 达 为yesterday evening,要 么 表 达 为lastnight o但根据语境,这里用前者较合适。(3)根据英语表达习惯，一场大雨 应表达为a heavy rain,而不是 a big rain。(4)beaU wet的意思是“完全错了”。要表达“全身湿透了”，可以用 wet through 或 completely wet。(5)由于受汉语“虽然 但是”结构的影响而出错。在英语中,although和but在一个句子中不能连用。(6)这里要表达“不管怎么说”，可以用anyway或anyhow,文中的表达显然属于汉式英语。精彩例文We keep a lovely small cat at home.My family are always happybecause of her.I went to the store to buy some food for heryesterday evening.Unluckily,there was a heavy rain on my wayhome.When I got home,I was wet through.Although I was wet,Iwas very happy.Anyway,the cat would not be hungry.中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(七)习惯用法和固定搭配【要点领悟】有的同学在写作时常常把一些习惯用语、固定词组及结构错误搭配，结果写出来的句子让人看不懂。我们在平时若将这些英语基础知识牢固掌握，考试时就会得心应手、从容自若。【信息提示】2005年10月1日 星期六 睛昨天你叔叔打电话来，请你找几个朋友去他农场收桔子。于是今天早上6点,你和朋友就坐汽车出发了。一到农场便开始干活。桔子树上结满了桔子，你们又摘桔子又装车，忙完后在那儿吃了午餐，还吃了不少桔子。下午坐卡车回家。你们虽然忙了一天，却感到非常快乐。请根据以上提示写一篇80词左右的英语日记。请注意日记的格式。【习作实况】October 1,2005,Saturday SunnyMy uncle called me yesterday.He said in the phone(1)that hehad an orange harvest.He needed some help.He asked me to gothere with my friends.Today morning(2)we left home at 6:00.We went there by a bus(3).The trees in(4)the farm were really full with(5)oranges.When we got there,we began to work at once.We picked a lot oforanges and put them in the boxes.Some strong boys carried theboxes Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck.After work,we had the lunch(6)at my uncles house.We had many oranges,too.In the afternoon,we came back home by truck.We were busy today,but we were happy.【精讲点拨】(1)在电话里说.”应用介词on。(2)“今天上午”的英语说法是this morningo(3)by+交通工具名词时，其间不用冠词或其他修饰词。(4)在农场里”介词用on,应是on the farm。(5)“充(结)满.”有两种表示方法,be full of.或be filledwith.。(6)英语中在表示吃一日三餐时，三餐前不加冠词。【精品范文】October 1,2005,Saturday SunnyMy uncle called me yesterday.He said on the phone that he hadan orange harvest.He needed some help.He asked me to go therewith my friends.This morning we left home at 6:00.We went there by bus.Thetrees on the farm were really full of oranges.When we got there,webegan to work at once.We picked a lot of oranges and put them inthe boxes.Some strong boys carried the boxes into a truck.Afterwork,we had lunch at my uncles house.We had many oranges,too.In the afternoon,we came back home by truck.We were busy today,but we were happy.中考英语书面表达常见错误分析(八)词汇使用错误要点领悟很多考生在中考书面表达中，常常会错用一些词语，使得评卷老师不知其所云，得分自然不会高。因此，我们在平时的习作训练中就要特别留意词汇的正确使用。信息提示李小莉的一个名叫Mary Baker的笔友给她回了一，封电子邮件,谈到她对中国的喜爱和向往。请以An e-mail from an Americanpen pal”为标题写一封电子邮件。邮件的开头已给出（不计入总词数）。From:T o:Subject:My wish要求：1 .意思连贯、符合逻辑、书写工整；2.词数:85左右。习作实况From:T o:Subject:My wishDear Li X iaoli,Pm glad to receive your e-mail.Fve showed it to my friends.Everyone(1)of us thinks China is one of the greatest countries inthe world.Weve known much about your country for years,but wehave not chance(2)to go there.We often watch the Great Wall andbeautiful Beijing on T V.So I think China is worth to visit(3).Ibought a book on China and study it when Im free.I hope I can visityour country one day,and I also hope you to visit(4)our countrysometimes(5)in the future.Truly yours,Mary Baker精讲点拨1.everyone是不定代词，它可以用作主语，但不能和含of的介词短语连用。此处应把Everyone分开，即 Every one,或者用Each来替换它。但要注意，这里不能用Every,因为它不能用作主语。2.chance表示“机会”的意思讲时是可数名词,须和冠词连用。由于该句是否定句，如果在它前面加上any,它需要变成复数。最便捷的办法是，把 not换成no,表示not a,如果no后接的名词是复数，它则表不 not any。3.考生对worth一词的用法显然不清楚。worth常用于beworth doing这一结构。be worth后不能接动词不定式，而要接V-ing形式。因此,应当把to visit改为visiting。4.hope 一词不能用于hope sb.to do sth.结构，如果要表达“希望某人做某事”要用hope接 that从句。因此要将you to visit改为you can visit。5.应将 sometimes 改为 sometimeo sometimes 意为 有时，而sometime的意思是“某个时间”，指某个不确定或未说明的时间。精彩例文From:marybakerOT o:Subject:My wishDear Li X iaoli,Im glad to receive your e-mail.I,ve showed it to my friends.Every one of us thinks China is one of the greatest countries.Weveknown much about your country for years,but we have no chanceto go there.We often watch the Great Wall and beautiful Beijing onT V.So I think Chin