专四语法练习.pdf

练 习（1）1.There was a large crowd of demonstrators _ against the war.A)protecting B)preserving C)protesting D)prosecuting 2.I mafraid I will have t o her invitation to the party.A)refuse B)refute C)ignore D)decline3.The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all.As a matter offact,I would gladly have paid _ for it.A)as much twice B)much as twice C)as twice much D)twice as much4.He can t start the car because the battery has.A)run up B)run down C)run over D)run off5.Without facts,we cannot form a worthwhile opinion,for we need to havefactual knowledge _ our thinking.A)upon which to base B)which to base upon C)which to be based onD)to base on which6.This design is _ that one.A)more superior to B)far superior than C)more superior than D)far superior to7.I wondered what her _ to the news would be.A)impression B)reaction C)comment D)opinion8.She shouldn,t have stood in a queue;she _ her underground ticketfrom the machine.A)has got B)must have got C)could have got D)got9.Don t worry._ that you will be treated equally.A)I 11 look forward to it B)P 11 try my utmostC)I9 1 0 11 be on the alert D)I 11 see to it10.The workers agreed t o _the strike if the company would satisfytheir demand.A)call off B)call out C)call to D)call on11.I d rather you _ so rudely to her.A)don t speak B)won,t speak C)should not speak D)didn t speak12.Today many kinds of electrical _ are available,which has madehousework much easier than before.A)facilities B)appliances C)instruments D)equipment13.The author is going to _ his play for television.A)add B)adopt C)adapt D)adjust14.for your help,I d never have been able to achieve such a success.A)If I had not been B)Had it not been C)If it were not D)Hadit not15.With all its advantages,the computer is by no means without its_.A)boundaries B)limitations C)confinements D)restraints16.Im afraid I can t _ you;you 11 have to go to a hotel.A)put.up B)pick.up C)pull.up D)wake.up17.The guests said that they wouldn,t mind_.A)to have a little light music B)having a little light music C)have a little light music D)if they have a little light music18.Although this area is very poor just now,its _ wealth is great.A)previous B)profound C)potential D)primary19.He ran quickly to the classroom,two books_under his arm.A)to be hold B)held C)were held D)holding20.We must try our best to lower the cost of our products.Otherwise thehigh cost will _ our profit.A)cut off B)cut in C)cut short D)cut into21.Tom is not very clever,but he is the most _pupil in the class.A)industrious B)indulgent C)industrial D)indifferent22.No sooner had he arrived home_ he was asked to start another journey.A)when B)than C)then D)until23.Young children easily_words that their parents frequently use.A)put up B)turn up C)bring up D)pick up24.Only when you have obtained all the information about it _ cometo a sound judgment.A)you can B)you will C)would you D)can you25.American women were_ the right to vote until 1920 after many yearsof hard struggle.A)ignored B)neglected C)denied D)refused26.All is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A)what is needed B)the thing needed C)which is needed D)that isneeded27.The factory has several workers because of the drop in sales.A)laid off B)laid out C)laid aside D)laid down28.There were no tickets for F riday,s performance.A)applicable B)approachable C)attainable D)available29.There was a traffic jam;otherwise I here on time.A)would be B)had been C)should be D)would have been30.If you don t work hard,you are bound to fall behind others,smart you might be.A)whatever B)though C)whatsoever D)however答案及部分题目详解1.【答案】C【译文】有一大群示威者在抗议战争(的爆发)。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】to protest against.意 为“抗议，反对。to protect(from.)意 为“保护(使之不受)。to preserve意 为“保护，防护，维 护 。to prosecute意 为“对起诉；进行，坚持下去”。2.【答案】D【译文】我恐怕不得不谢绝她的晚会邀请。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】d e cli n e意 为“婉谢，谢绝”，指对别人的邀请、帮助等比较委婉地回绝。r e f us e意 为“拒绝”，指对别人的要求、请求等比较直率的，有时比较不客气的拒绝。r e f ute意为驳斥，反驳。i g n or e意 为“忽视，忽略，不3 .【答案】D【译文】我昨天买的大衣一点也不贵，事实上，花两倍的价钱买它我都愿意。【试题分析】本题考察表示倍数和比较的用法。【详细解答】本句实际上隐含了一个又“as.as.”引导的比较状语从句。完整的句子是 I w ould g lad ly h ave pai d tw i ce as m uch as I pai d f or i t”。当有表示倍数的词时一，要 放 在“as.as.”比较级之前。4 .【答案】B【译文】由于电池耗尽了，他的汽车发动不了。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】r un d ow n意 为“（动力等）耗尽；（身体）衰弱，疲乏；（钟表）停了，（使）失 灵 。r un u p意 为“升 起（旗帜）；欠 下（钱财）。r un ove r意 为“撞倒，辗 过 。r un of f意 为“撵走，吓跑”。5 .【答案】A【译文】如果没有事实依据，我们就不能形成正确的主张，因为我们要把想法建立在事实的基础上。【试题分析】介词+关系代词+不定式作后置定语。【详细解答】此句需要一个后置定语来修饰f actual k n ow le d g e,根据句意应是 bas e our th i n k i n g （upon）on f actual k n ow le d g e,因此应使用“介词+关系代词+不定式”的结构作后置定语。6 .【答案】D【译文】这个设计比那个要好的多。【试题分析】s u p e r i or表比较的用法。【详细解答】s u p e r i or意 为“优越的，优 良 的，后接介词t o,表示比较，单词本身没有比较级。通常在前面加“f a r”表 示“比好得多”。7.【答案】B【译文】我想知道她对这个消息的反应如何。【试题分析】词语固定搭配题。【详细解答】r e a c t i on意 为 对.的反应。i m p r e s s i on与o n搭配，表 示“给留下印 象。c om m e nt与o n搭配，表 示“对做出评价 。op i ni on on意 为“对发 表 看 法（意见）”。8.【答案】C【译文】她不应该去排队买票，她本来可以通过售票机买地铁票的。【试题分析】本题考察情态动词c ou l d的完成式用法。【详细解答】前半句用“s h ou l d n t h a v e d one”的形式，表 示“本不应该做”；后半句则提供了另一种可能性，”本来可以”，因为是过去可能做，而实际上未做的事情，故应使用c ou l d的完成式。9 .【答案】D【译文】不要担心，我会关照，好让你受到平等对待的。【试题分析】s e e （t o i t ）t h a t +从句的用法。【详细解答】s e e （t o i t ）t h a t 意 为 务 必，留神,注意做到“。其他三个选项在结构上都不能接从句，在语义上，l ook f or w a r d t o意 为“希望，盼望”；t r y one s u t m os t意 为 竭 尽 全 力；b e on t h e a l e r t意 为“警惕，提防”。1 0 .【答案】A【译文】工人们同意如果公司满足他们的要求就取消罢工。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】c a l l of f意 为“取 消。c a l l ou t意 为“叫（请）出来；叫出（名字）。c a l l t o意 为“向喊”。c a l l o n意 为“号召，呼吁，要求”。1 1 .答案D【翼文】我宁愿你不对她这么无礼。【试题分析】w ou l d r a t h e r后宾语从句的虚拟语气。【详细解答】w ou l d r a t h e r表示愿望，后接的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，用过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，用过去完成时。1 2 .答案B【译文】如今可供使用的电器很多，这使得做家务事比以前容易多了。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】ap p l i an c e意 为 器 具，器 械，e l e c t r i c al ap p l i an c e意为“电器”。f ac i l i t y意 为“设备，设 施。i n s t r u m e n t意 为“仪器”，尤指用于精致工作的工具或仪器。e q u i p m e n t意 为“设备，装备”。1 3 .【答案】C【译文】作者将要把他的剧本改编为电视剧。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】ad ap t意 为“改编，翻改；使 适 应。ad d意 为“增加，加强”。ad o p t意 为“采纳，采 取（态度）；收 养。ad j u s t意 为“调整，适应”。1 4 .【答案】B【译文】如果不是你的帮助，我永远都不会取得这样的成功。【试题分析】本题测试虚拟条件句的倒装。【详细解答】根据句意和时态，前半句应为I f i t h ad n o t be e n f o r y o u rh e l p”。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有w e r e,h ad,s h o u l d时，可以省略i f,将w e r e,h ad,s h o u l d移至主语的前面。1 5 .【答案】B【译文】虽然电脑有很多好处，但绝不是没有局限性。【试题分析】同义词语辨析题。【详细解答】l i m i t at i o n意 为“限制，局 限。bo u n d ar y意 为“边境线，分界线”。c o界i n e m e n t意 为“限制（在范围内），监禁”，。r e s t r ai n t意 为“抑制，遏制，制止”，常接介词f r o m。1 6 .【答案】A【译文】恐怕我不能给你提供住处，你得去住旅馆。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】p u t .u p意 为“留住宿；举起；搭 建。p i c k .u p意 为“拾起，拿起；学会，学 到。p起1.u p意 为“使（车子）停 下。w ak e.u p意 为“叫醒”。1 7 .【答案】B【译文】客人们说来一点轻音乐也好。【试题分析】m i n d +动名词表示“介意，反对”。【详细解答】m i n d作“在乎，介意”讲时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后面若有动词作宾语，要用动名词。1 8.【答案】C【译文】虽然目前这一地区很贫穷，但它的潜在财富却是巨大的。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】p o t e n t i al意 为“潜 在 的。p r e v i o u s意 为“以前的，从前的 。p r o f o u n d意 为“深奥的，博学的 。p r i ma r y意 为“初级的；主要的；基本的”。1 9 .【答案】B【译文】他胳膊下夹着两本书，飞快地向教室跑去。【试题分析】独立主格结构作伴随状语。【详细解答】由于句子前后以逗号隔开，没有连词，因此后半句只能是伴随状语，要使用名词+分词的独立主格结构，此句中bo o ks是分词动作h o ld的承受者，故应使用过去分词。2 0 .【答案】D【译文】我们必须全力降低产品的成本，否则高成本将使利润大打折扣。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】cu t i n t o意 为“减少，降低；插嘴，打断 o cu t o f f意 为“切断；隔绝，挡住；切下来”o cu t i n意 为“插嘴，夹 塞 。cu t s h o r t意 为“打 断（谈话），中 断（倒）”。2 1 .【答案】A【译文】汤姆并不十分聪明，但他却是班里最勤奋的学生。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】i n du s t r i o u s意 为“勤奋的，勤 勉 的 。i n du lg e n t意 为“纵容的，溺 爱 的 。i n du s t r i a l意 为“工业的，实 业 的 。i n di f f e r e n t意 为“冷淡的，漠不关心的；平淡无奇的”。2 2 .【答案】B【译文】他刚到家，就被要求开始另一个旅程。【试题分析】测 试 n。s o o n e r.t h a n”引导的时间状语从句。【详细解答】n o s o o n e r.t h a n 是一个关联从属连词，意 为“一就”，故B为正确答案。当 n o s o o n e r 置于句首时，要用倒装语序。2 3 .答案D【译文】小孩子们会很容易学会父母常使用的话语-。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】p i ck u p意 为“拾起；（非正规地）学会，学到“。p u t u p意为“举起；修建；留住宿”。t u r n u p意 为“出现，出 席 。br i n g u p意为“抚养大；提出”。2 4 .【答案】D【译文】只有当你得到关于它的所有信息后，才能得出合理的判断。【试题分析】倒装结构。【详细解答】“O n ly+状 语（状语从句）”置于句首时，主句的主、谓语需采用部分倒装的结构。如果谓语中含有情态动词、助动词或动词b e时，只要将其移至主语前即可。2 5 .【答案】C【译文】美国妇女很长时间都未被赋予选举的权利，经过多年的斗争，直到1 9 2 0年她们才争取到了这一权利。【试题分析】同义词语辨析题。【详细解答】d eny sb.st h.表 示“拒绝给予”。ig no r e意 为“忽视,忽略，不理睬”。neg lec t意 为“疏忽，忽 视 。r ef u se意 为“拒绝”。2 6 .【答案】D【译文】全部所需要的就是对基本生活必需品的源源不断的供应。【试题分析】t h at引导的限制性定语从句。【详细解答】All后需要一个定语从句，而all后面的定语从句只能由that引导27.【答案】A【译文】由于销售量下降，这家工厂已经解雇了一些工人。【试题分析】动词短语辨析题。【详细解答】lay off意 为“解雇”。lay out意 为“设计，布局；花费，使用“。lay aside意 为“放在一边“。lay down意 为“放下；规定，说明”。28 .【答案】D【译文】星期五的演出已经没有票了。【试题分析】词语辨析题。【详细解答】available意 为“可以得到的，可 供 利 用(使 用)的”。applicable意 为“适用的，有 效 的 。approachable意 为“可以到达的，容易接近的“。attainable意 为“可以达到的”。29.【答案】D【译文】我遇到交通堵塞了，否则我会按时到这的。【试题分析】隐含的虚拟条件句。【详细解答】此题中前半句是一个陈述句，后半句中otherwise相当于一个虚拟的条件从句If the traffic had not been very busy”,是对过去的情况的一个假设，因此主句中的谓语要用would have done”的形式。30.【答案】D【译文】不管你有多聪明，如果你不努力，注定会落在别人后面。【试题分析】however引导让步状语从句。【详细解答】however引导让步状语从句相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词，表 示“不管多么.w o whatever和whatsoever(语气比whatever强)引导让步状语从句时，相 当 于no matter whatw,后接名词。此句如选though,后半句应为though you might be smartM。专四词汇语法练习(2)1.How do you _ for coming late for the meeting?A)explain B)excuse C)describe D)account2.The mother was so _ at the news that she didn t know what to do.A)admired B)amazed C)amused D)curious3.He likes to listen to music with the radio turned on at fullA)power B)voice C)volume D)sound4.The coach must take a large_of the blame for the failure of thefootball match.A)quantity B)number C)share D)amount5.Although alone in the house,he was so busy with his research that hefelt_lonely.A)all but B)nothing but C)something but D)anything but6.The introduction of modern technique from abroad makes it necessaryfor skilled workers to _ unskilled workers.A)take place B)take over C)take down D)take the place of7.so few people in the street was unusual.A)For there to be B)As there to be C)For there being D)As therebeing8.There are signs_ Internet are becoming more and more popular withteenagers.A)that B)whose C)what D)which9.Bob had been_ on a meadow sprinkled with dandelion for a long timebefore he sat up.A)laid B)lying C)lain D)laying10.Jill would rather that his girl friend in the same departmentas he does.A)studied B)should study C)study D)had studied11.She had no objection to the airplane ticket which would send herto Geneva.A)to take B)taking C)of taking D)to taking12.I m _ the impression that you ve told me about it.A)into B)on C)of D)under13.In the summer holidays,they have a plan to go to movies at weeklyA)intervals B)bases C)gaps D)times14.I have decided t o _my smoking.A)cut up B)cut off C)cut across D)cut down15.Many of the imported planes have been lying for years because ofthe restrictions on the foreign spare parts.A)idle B)vacant C)empty D)hollow16.Electrical_ are(is)used to free people from the heavy housework.A)equipment B)facilities C)appliances D)apparatus17.The rain came on time and would certainly ease the feat_ the peopleof inland.A)to face B)face C)facing D)faces18.They bought a Yamaha piano at the price of 10,000 yuan.They likeditso much that they would have paid _ for it.A)twice as much B)as much twice C)as twice much D)much as twice19.It was not until she had come downstairs_ remembered the keys werenot with her.A)she B)when she C)that she D)and see20.Mike is very happy.His mark in the English examination is higherthan_ in the classA)anyone,s B)anyone else C)anyone else,s D)anyone?s else21.The first prize goes to makes the greatest contribution to thecompany.A)whomever B)whichever C)no matter who D)whoever22.Society is a building,to the construction of_ every member bringsa brick.A)that B)which C)it D)this23.The applicant filled in the form,but he didn,t know which officeroom_.A)to send it to B)to be sent to C)to have it sent to D)to sent it24.Young_he was,he was trusted with an important task.A)because B)although C)as D)since25.Tom broke the glass of the neighborJ s window.I 11_ that he willnot do it again.A)hope for B)be sure C)see to it D)make it so26.The new cars of the Volkswagen Company are now being_at the rateof 1,000 every week.A)turned out B)turned down C)turned up D)turned on27.It was urgent that he _ her immediately.A)calls B)called C)call D)would call28.I don,t _ going to the movie.A)feel for B)feel like C)feel out D)feel29.The meeting drew to a _ late in the afternoon.A)near B)close C)point D)tail30.John regretted _ to the meeting last week.A)not going B)not go to C)not having been going D)not to begoing1.【答案】D【译文】你怎么解释你开会迟到了？【试题分析】短语动词【详细解答】account for解释、导致；explain解释；excuse原谅；find excusefor 找借口；describe 描述。2.【答案】B【译文】听到消息，这位妈妈震惊得不知所措。【试题分析】词义辨析【详细解答】测验学生对几个形容词近义词的辨认。admired敬慕的,amused被逗乐的，curious好奇的，be amazed a t对.很震惊。3.【答案】C【译文】他喜欢听音乐时把音量开到最大。【试题分析】词义辨析【详细解答】测验学生对几个名词近义词的辨认。power电力、功率、权力；voice声音、说话声；sound声音、声响；volume音量、容量。本句话说的是把收音机的音量开到最大，所以选择Co4.【答案】C【译文】教练必须对这次足球赛的失败负大部分责任。【试题分析】词义辨析【详细解答】测验学生对几个名词近义词的辨认。quantity量、数量；number数目、数字；amount数量、总数，share份额。这里讲的是一大部分的责任，所以选择C。5.答案D【译W尽管房子里只有他一人，但他忙于自己的工作所以一点也不感到孤独。【试题分析】固定搭配【详细解答】这道题目主要是测试学生对于a n y t h i n g b u t及n o t h i n g b u t的掌握，a n y t h i n g b u t 一 点也不、决不，n o t h i n g b u t只不过.而已。6 .【答案】D【译文】由于从国外引进了先进技术，所以很有必要用熟练工人取代不熟练工人。【试题分析】动词短语【详细解答】t a k e p l a c e 发生；t a k e d o w n 记下；t a k e o v e r 接管；t a k e t h e p l a c eo f取 代。根据上下文，选 择D7 .【答案】A【译文】街上人这么少，真奇怪。【试题分析】句法结构【详细解答】t h e r e t o b e句型做主语时，通 常用f o r做引导词。所以选择A项。8 .【答案】A【译文】有迹象表明，互联网正越来越受到青少年的喜爱。【试题分析】名词性从句【详细解答】名 词s i g n后面要跟t h a t引导的从句做同位语。9 .【答案】B【译文】B o b在满是蒲公英的草地上躺了很长时间才坐起来。【试题分析】动词变形【详细解答】本题主要测验学生对几个容易混淆的词的辨认。l i e躺：过去式l ay,过去分词l ai n；现在分词l yi n g；l i e撤谎：过去式l i e d,过去分词l i e d,现在分词l yi n g；l ay放置：过去式l ai d,过去分词l ai d,现在分词l ayi n g.句子中是l i e（躺）的现在分词。1 0 .【答案】A【译文】J i l l宁愿他的女朋友和他在同一个系里学习。【试题分析】虚拟语气【详细解答】wo ul d r ath e r后面的从句常用虚拟语气过去式。所以选择A。1 1 .【答案】B【译文】她不反对接受这张飞往日内瓦的机票。【试题分析】考查搭配。【详细解答】h ave n o o b j e c ti o n to d o i n g s o m e th i n g表示不反对做什么事情。注 意to为介词。1 2.【答案】D【译文】我模糊记得你给我谈过此事。【试题分析】考查短语。【详细解答】to b e un d e r th e i m p r e s s i o n th at表示有模糊印象发生过什么事情。1 3 .【答案】A【译文】在暑假里，他们有个计划，每隔一周看-次电影。【试题分析】考查短语。【详细解答】at i n te r val s是考点，表示每隔一段时间或者距离。其余三项均无此义。1 4 .【答案】D【译文】我决定少抽烟。【试题分析】短语辨义题。【详细解答】c ut up切碎，破碎；c ut o f f切断，删去；c ut ac r o s s走捷径，抄近路；c ut d o wn减少，符合题1 5 .【答案】A【译文】因为对外国零件的限制，许多进口飞机已经闲置了数年。【试题分析】近义词辨析。【详细解答】i d l e空闲的，无用的，懒散的；vac an t空缺的，未占用的；e m p ty空无一物的；h o l l o w中空的1 6 .【答案】C【译文】家电把人们从繁重的家务劳动中解放出来。【试题分析】近义词辨析。【详细解答】e q ui p m e n t不可数名词表示设备，装备，仪表，一起；f ac i l i ti e s表示便利设施；ap p l i an c e s表示用具，家电；ap p ar atus表示仪器和器具。1 7 .【答案】C【译文】这场雨下得及时，它将缓解内陆地区的人们面临的高温。【试题分析】考查分词短语的用法【详细解答】分词短语作定语，它的作用相当于定语从句。现在分词短语表示动作是由前面的名词发出的，既可以表示进行中的动作，又可以表示习惯性动作。过去分词短语表示前面的名词是受动者。1 8 .【答案】A【译文】他们花了 1 0,0 0 0元买了一台雅马哈钢琴。他们很喜欢它，甚至愿意出双倍的价钱。【试题分析】考查英语倍数的表达方法。【详细解答】tw i c e a s muc h/ma ny可以用来表示双倍，谈论不可数的东西时用muc h；谈论可数的东西时用ma ny01 9 .【答案】C【译文】她下了楼梯才发现忘记带钥匙了。【试题分析】考查强调句型【详细解答】强调句型中应该用th a t不用其他的引导词。与not.unti l句型连用时注意，当 强 调unti l部分时，not应该和unti l部分一起强调。2 0 .【答案】C【译文】麦克很开心，它的英语考试成绩比别人的都高。【试题分析】考查代词属格。【详细解答】表示其他任何人应该用a ny one e lse；它的属格是a ny one e lse s.2 1 .【答案】D【译文】为公司做出最大贡献的人可以得到头奖。【试题分析】考查从句引导词。【详细解答】虽然介词之后应该用宾格，但因为后面跟的逑一个句子，只能选用主格的w h oe ve r不选用w h ome ve r；w h i c h e ve r不用来指表示人的主语；no ma tte rw h o用来引导让步状语从句。2 2 .【答案】B【译文】社会就象是一座建筑，每个人都为它添砖加瓦。【试题分析】考查定语从句。【详细解答】定语从句的复杂介词引导词要结合上下文确定。本句中缺少的是个关系代词，指物，且用在介词之后只能选B。2 3 .【答案】A【译文】申请人填完了表格，却不知应该交到哪个办公室。【试题分析】考查动词不定式短语。【详细解答】由疑问词+不定式构成的不定式短语可以用作动词宾语，相当于从句。但不定式的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，否则应用宾语从句。2 4 .【答案】C【译文】虽然他很年轻，却被委以重任。【试题分析】考查连接词。【详细解答】显然逗号前后的部分是让步关系，而b e c a u s e和s i n c e都是引导原因状语从句，不合题意。而a l t h ou g h不能引