外研社应用英语教程综合英语2教案U1.docx

Unit 1 Choices in LifeText AnalysisBackground information 1. About the textThe text is abridged from the commencement speech/address delivered by Jeff Bezos to the Class of 2010 at Princeton University on May 30, 2010, retrievable at baccalaureate-rema】ks. A commencement speech is a speech given to graduating students, generally at a university in the US. Such a speech is typically given by a notable figure in the community, and the person giving such a speech is known as a commencement speaker.1. About the authorJeff Bezos (January 12, 1964-) 一 American technology and retail entrepreneur,investor, electrical engineer, computer scientist, and philanthropist, best known as thefounder, chairman, and chief executive officer of A, the world's largestonline shopping retailer. Born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, US, Bezos graduatedfrom Princeton University in 1986 with degrees in electrical engineering andcomputer science. He went to work on Wall Street from 1984 to 1986, and foundedA in late 1994. As founder and CEO ofA, he defined onlineshopping and rewrote the rules of commerce, ushering a new era in business. He wasnamed Person of the Year in 1999 by Time magazine, Businessperson of The Year in2012 by Fortune, and World's Worst Boss in May 2014 by the International TradeUnion Confederation at their World Congress. Bezos diversified his business interestsby founding aerospace company Blue Origin in 2000 and purchasing TheWashingtonPost newspaper in 2013. On July 27, 2017, he became the world'swealthiest person with an estimated net worth of just over $90 billion according toForbes Magazine.IL General analysis of the textIn this piece of persuasive writing, Jeff uses the technique of storytelling in combination with giving reasons and prognosticating so as to elaborate on the importance of choice in our lives. The whole essay falls into three distinct parts:Main ideaPart Paragraph(s) go: to move or travel to a place or leave a place in order to do a particular thing After words like go, come. run. hurry up. stay, stop and some other verbs, and or an infinitive of purpose can be used, eg,I went and had a drink with Jeremy yesterday.Hurry up and get dressed.I really must try to see Pat this week.In informal American English, and or to is often left out after go, e.g.,Go jump in the river.23. MacKenzie told me I should go for it. go for it: spoken） used for encouraging someone to do sth or to try very hard 努 力争取Excuses will always be there for you, opportunities won't. Go for it!Paragraph 6: After talking to his boss, Jeff Bezos decided to quit his job and start a company selling books on the Internet. This was a less safe path, but today he is proud of that decision.24. I didn't think I'd regret trying and failing. And I suspected I would always behaunted by a decision to not try at all.Meaning: I was not going to regret trying to start such a company that I thought was going to be very exciting. Even if I failed, I wouldn't regret that. I thought it was very likely that I would regret not having tried and that the decision to not try at all would always torture me and make me very unhappy.The success of A has proved that Jeff Bezos made a clever decision to trade his security for his passion. Ironically, thanks to the clever thinking and decision of Jeff Bezos to start such a company, many traditional bookstores have fallen or are going out of business, which in turn may lead their owners to doubt about his kindness when he set up such a company. Advances in modern society are inevitable, but kindness is also necessary. suspectv. T, I not used in the progressive tenses to have an idea that sth is probably true or likely to happen, especially sth bad, but without having definite proof疑有，觉得（尤指坏事可能属实或发生）儿嫌疑犯，嫌疑份子If you suspect the competition has some secret, back-door deals, you can say there are some unspoken rulesIf you look too shy, they may suspect you are not capable of dealing with a challenging task.suspected.suspicions.Paragraph 7: Jeff Bezos raises a set of questions concerning gifts, passions, dogma, criticisms, love and so on, and makes a prediction about what we will value when we are old. His message is that we should make choices that we can be proud of and that will makeour life story great.25. Will you guard your heart against rejection, or will you act when you fall in love?Meaning: When you fall in love, will you keep your feelings secret to avoid being rejected, or will you express your feelings to the one you love? guard: to keep sth secret 保守； 遮掩guard one s secrets closelyguard one s nefarious doings from view不让自己的罪恶行径给人看到Will you play it safe, or will you be a little bit swashbuckling?Meaning: Will you be careful and not take any risks, or will you be braver? play it safe: to be careful and not take risks 谨慎行事；不冒险To play safe, I'd allow an extra ten minutes, just in case. a little bit: In BrE it is common to use a bit to mean "slightly" or "to a small extent”. It is more common in NAmE to say a little or (informal) a little bit, e.g.， These shoes are a little bit too tight. swashbuckling. 1690s, adjective formed to go with swashbuckler swashbuckler/i. also swash-buckler, 1550s, “blustering, swaggering fighting man” (earlier simply swash, 1540s), from swash"fall of a blow"+ buckler" The original sense seems to have been “one who makes menacing noises by striking his or an opponents shield."(虚张声势的人)swashbuckler. 1897, back-formation from swashbucklingWill you be a cynic, or will you be a builder?Meaning: Will you believe that human conduct is motivated wholly by self-interest, or will you be a person who creates a business or organizes and develops a country? cynics. C a person who believes that people only do things to help themselves, rather than for good or sincere reasons builder儿C a person or company whose job is to build or repair houses or other buildings建筑工人；建筑公司；营造商The builders worked on wooden platforms, suspended by ropes from the roof of the building.However, in this context, Bezos is dealing with attitudes towards people and society rather than towards professions. Therefore, the word builder is used in this larger context to mean a person who helps build our society or country.26. When you are eighty years old, and in a quiet moment of reflection narrating for only yourself the most personal version of your life story, the telling that will be most compact and meaningful will be the series of choices you have made.Meaning: At the age of 80, there will be a quiet moment when you will think seriously and carefully about your life story, telling your own life story only to yourself, the briefest and most meaningful narration will be the series of choices you have made in the course of your life time.What is meant by the phrase the most personal version of your life story? It means at such a moment, you only need to be honest to yourself; there is no need at all to fake it. Your narration must be true to fact. personal, relating to or belonging to a single or particular person rather than to a group or an organization 个人的； 私人的personal income tax个人收入所得税Their discussions were long and close and personal.27. In the end, we are our choices.Meaning: After we have thought about our life story, we will realize that we become who we are through our own choices. In other words, our choices make us who we are. in the end: finally 最后；终于；到底He had some talent but in the end he had to give art up.In the end, I got the job I wanted.Key to the exercisesPre-Class Tasks1. Mini-research1.Open-ended questions.2. Open-ended questions.2. Co-learningIn an easy choice, one alternative is better than the other. In a hard choice, one alternative is better in some ways, the other alternative is better in other ways, and neither is better than the other overall. Hard choices are hard because there is no best option.1. The first problem is that we tend to think of the hard choice as concerning something big, something momentous, something that matters to us. In fact, a decision on what to have for breakfast, for instance, can be a hard choice. The second problem is that we think hard choices are hard because we are stupid. When we can't figure out which is better, we often take the least risky option for fear of the unknown. But in fact, a choice can still be hard even if we have full information. In a word, we've misunderstood hard choices and the role they play in our lives.2. Yes. If options are equally good, we can simply take any option without worrying about the consequences.3. PresentationOpen-ended.ComprehensionDays of our Lives: (Often abbreviated to DOOL or Days) An American daytime soap opera broadcast on the NBC (National Broadcasting Company) television network. It is one of the longest-running scripted television programs in the world, airing nearly every weekday since November 8, 1965. The series is set in the fictitious Midwestern town of Salem. The core families are the Bradys, the Hortons and the DiMeras, and the multi-layered storylines involve elements of romance, adventure, mystery, comedy and drama. The show has garnered 43 Daytime Emmy Awards, including 2015's Outstanding Daytime Drama, and numerous nominations, as well as multiple People's Choice Awards, GLAAD Media Awards and Prism Awards. The show airs nationally on NBC in US and in over 25 countries internationally.1. Caravan Club: In the text, sufficient information is offered for the club, i.e., “a group of Airstream trailer owners who travel together around the U.S. and Canada”. While this club is formed by Airstreamers from the US and the world, caravan clubs are common in other parts of the world too, for instance, in Europe and Australia. Club members travel together with a starting point and an ending point. They travel and explore together from one destination to another. There are valuable benefits to joining a caravan club, such as visiting new places, making lifelong friendships, and having the chance to experience with other members activities that individual travelers would hardly have any chance to do alone.2. Airstream: An American brand of travel trailers ("caravans" in British English) which are characterized by the shine of the aluminum, the clean lines, and the aerodynamic shape. Airstream trailers are manufactured in Jackson Center, Ohio, U.S.0Story 1 (paras. 1-5)Jeff Bezos hurts the feelings of his grandmother out of ignorance as a kid, and through the thoughtful remarks of his grandfather, he came to learn about the difference between gifts and cleverness.Story 2 (paras. 6-7)Jeff Bezos decided to give up his current job and start a company selling bookson the Internet by following his passion.Further Insights (paras. 8-9)Life to a large extent is composed of various choices, and in the end,we are our choices.国l.He starts the speech with a story from his childhood. By so doing he can catch theattention of the audience easily and arouse their interest in what he has to say.2. Besides that interest, Jeff did it because he hated the smell when his grandmother smokes. In addition, he expected his grandparents to praise him for his cleverness and arithmetic skills.3. His grandmother burst into tears. It was not what he had expected, because he had expected to be praised.4. To be kind is harder than to be clever in that we can be bom clever but we have to make a choice to be kind. If we don't take special care to use our gifts properly, we may make a harmful choice.5. He came to understand the risk of making bad choices if we use our gifts carelessly.6. To Jeff, the growth rate of Web usage and the prospect of creating something that simply couldn't exist in the physical world were amazing.7. He had taken into consideration such factors as his job, age, marriage, the risks of failure, and uncertainties about what would happen in the future. However, the desire to follow his passion eventually outweighed the fear of always being haunted by a decision to not try at all.8. The repetition keeps the writing cohesive. The essay starts with a story about how he showed his cleverness (a gift) without regard to kindness. The question first appears in the transitional paragraph which summarizes the lessons from the first story and introduces a new story about choice. By repeating the question in the conclusive part, Jeff moves on to broaden the scope of choice to various other choices we have to make in our lives, thus highlighting the importance and difficulty of choices.9. The same words “Will you .?” are repeated again and again, not only as a most direct form of lexical cohesion, but also as a repetition of the same grammatical construction to form parallelisms or parallel constructions. The use of the repetitive words in those alternative questions not only produces a link between the sentences, but also makes the questions clearer and more memorable, thus reinforcing the main topic: choice.10. Open-ended. At least, we become more aware of the importance of making the right choice.Word Application1. vaccination; 2. rejected; 3. applause; 4. intelligence; 5. seductive; 6. originate; 7. unpredictable; 8. civilized; 9. Critics; 10. reflectivework out;1. gift:talent;choice: something that has been chosen or that can be chosenYou may be misled by your giftsif you，re not careful.to the detriment of your choice: harmful to your choicerealized the fact by chance.5. quit my job: resignwouldn't workiwouldn,t succeedhad a meaning that I can easily understand6. Seen in that light:If I consider it from that point of viewgive it a shot:try as hard as I cana decision to not try at all:a decision to give up and not take anyrisk7. not take action to express lovefor fear of being rejectedand feeling hurt;be careful and avoid risk or danger1. calculate; 2. chores; 3. campaign; 4. came up with; 5. proclaimed;6. financial; 7. Suspecting; 8.relentless; 9. burst into tears; 10. a bunch of1. at; 2. throughout; 3. at; 4. in; 5. in; 6. for; 7. forward; 8. of; 9. over; 10. outGrammar Applicationl.H; 2. C; 3. L; 4. N; 5 F; 6. O; 7. D; 8. M; 9. G; 10. J1. used to; 2. would/used to; 3. used to; 4. would/used to; 5. might/could; 6. can; 7. might/may/could; 8. might/may/could1. had been practicing; 2. had been waiting; 3.had been hoping; 4. had been reading; 5. had received; 6. had been travelling; 7. had met; 8. had said; 9. had been working; 10. had leftWe're eagerly looking forward to introducing more new products and services to the market.2. Grandma bargained with the trader/peddler till he agreed to take 50 yuan off the price.3. The gardener estimated that it would take him four hours to weed the garden.4. His harsh words and stubborn character can lead to arguments a