湖南省长沙市第一中学2022-2023学年高三下学期月考卷（六）英语试题.docx

长沙市一中2023届高三月考试卷（六）英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题L 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the speakers probably do?A. Stay at home.B. Go to the store.C. Drive to their parents, home.【答案】C【解析】原文】 W: Mom just called. She can't make it this afternoon because she is too tired. Dad said he will still come over after he stops at the store.M: Lefs drive over to their place instead.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What do we know about the man?A. He lost his car.B. He was hurt by a truck.C. His car was damaged in an accident.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: Oh, John, what's wrong with your car?M: I crashed into the truck in front of me when I tried to turn left.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C【解析】【导语】本文是一则新闻报道。主要报道了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予瑞典出生的遗传学家SvanteP?bo, 表彰他与已灭绝人类群体基因组有关的发现，这些发现揭示了现代人类特有的遗传特征，为探索人类特有 的基因序列提供了基础。24题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 “The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Sweden-born geneticist Svante P?bo, recognizing him for discoveries related to the genomes of extinct human groups that cast light on the genetic characteristics unique to present-day humans. The committee said Dr. P?bo overcame challenges in recovering and analyzing ancient DNA to sequence the genome of the Neanderthal, an extinct relative of presentday humans. He also discovered a previously unknown human relative, called the Denisova.,（诺贝尔生理学 或医学奖授予瑞典出生的遗传学家Svante P?bo,表彰他与已灭绝人类群体基因组有关的发现，这些发现 揭示了现代人类特有的遗传特征。委员会表示，P?bo博士克服了恢复和分析古代DNA的挑战，对现代 人已灭绝的近亲尼安德特人的基因组进行了测序。他还发现了一个以前不为人知的人类亲属，叫做丹尼 索瓦人。）可知，第一段主要讲了 P?bo博士取得了哪些突破。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中"Before Dr. P?bo,s research, understanding of Neanderthals came from analysis of the features of ancient bone remains and from studies of tools and other archaeological artifacts. Dr. P?bo's work made it possible to precisely analyze the genetic characteristics of Neanderthals and helped illustrate how different types of humans mixed on the planet during periods of coexistence.v（在 P?bo 博士 的研究之前，对 尼安德特人的了解来自于对古代骨骼遗迹特征的分析，以及对工具和其他考古文物的研究。P?bo博士的 工作使精确分析尼安德特人的遗传特征成为可能，并有助于说明不同类型的人类在共存时期是如何在地 球上混合的。）可知，P?bo博士的研究与以往不同是他能准确比较基因特征。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中 uEarly in his career, Dr. P?bo became focused on using advanced modem genetic techniques to study the DNA of Neanderthals. But DNA degrades over time meaning that, for ancient specimens （样本），only small amounts are left. When he worked in the University of Munich, he successfully sequenced DNA from a 40,000-year-old piece of bone."（在他职业生涯的早期，P?bo博士开始专注于使用先进的现 代遗传技术来研究尼安德特人的DNA。但DNA会随着时间的推移而降解，这意味着，对于古代样本， 只剩下少量的DNA。）可推知，P?bo博士在研究过程中克服了有限的DNA信息的困难。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Sweden-born geneticist Svante P?bo, recognizing him for discoveries related to the genomes of extinct human groups that cast light on the genetic characteristics unique to present-day humans.（诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予瑞典出生的 遗传学家Svante P?bo,表彰他与已灭绝人类群体基因组有关的发现，这些发现揭示了现代人类特有的遗 传特征。）以及第二段中 “ Dr. P?bo,s discoveries have laid the groundwork fbr research on how ancient gene sequences from extinct relatives influence the function of present-day humans.n （P?bo 博士的发现为研究来 自己灭绝亲属的古老基因序列如何影响现代人类的功能奠定了基础。）可推知，P?bo博士的发现为探索 人类特有的基因序列提供了基础。故选C项。CFootball fans can hardly accuse Qatar of being tight-fisted. The Arab state has reportedly spent $ 300bn in the 12 years since it won the rights to host the men's World Cup. It only expects the tournament to invest $ 17bn back into its economy. Much of that spending has gone into building infrastructure, including an advanced new metro system built to accommodate the 1.5m visitors expected to show up to fdotbalPs biggest party. Organisers insist all the construction will serve a purpose even after the final goals are scored.Between 1964 and 2018, 31 out of 36 big events （such as World Cups or Summer and Winter Olympics） suffered heavy losses, according to researchers at the University of Lausanne. Of the 14 World Cups they analyzed, only one has ever been profitable: Russia's in 2018 generated a surplus （盈余）of $ 235m, buoyed by a huge deal fbr broadcasting rights. Still, the tournament only managed a 4.6% return on investment. The data for Mexico's World Cup in 1986 is incomplete. It probably ran a deficit （赤字）.Almost all the main expenses fall on the host country. FIFA, the sport's governing body, covers only operational costs. Yet it takes home most of the revenue （"攵入）：ticket sales, sponsorships and broadcasting rights go into its coffers （金库）.The last World Cup, for instance, scored FIFA a cool $5.4bn, part of which is then transferred to national teams.The Lausanne data only includes expenses related to venues, such as constructing a stadium, and logistics （后 勤），such as staffing costs. It ignores the value of indirect projects, like Qatar's metro infrastructure and new hotels. Some infrastructure projects make economies more productive in the long term.Residents of host cities have begun questioning the benefits of their governments spending billions of dollars on large sporting events. As a result fewer countries are volunteering as hosts. Seven cities bid to host the SummerOlympic Games in 2016; for 2024 there were only two eventual bidders.These huge costs are new to the sporting world. The World Cup in 1966, featuring 16 teams, cost around $ 200,000 per footballer （in 2018 prices）. In 2018, that figure jumped to $ 7m. Costs have been driven by building more new stadiums for every tournament. In Qatar, seven of the eight stadiums have been built from scratch; in 1966 England did not build any.28. What does Qatar expect the event to do?A. Show the economic power.B. Improve future productivity.C. Please global football fans.D. Make up for the investment.29. What does the underlined word "buoyed“ in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Backed.B. Increased.C. Controlled.D. Treated.30. Who will mainly benefit from the football event financially?A. FIFA.B. Local government.C. The host country.D. International teams.31. Why is this tournament in Qatar so costly?A. Because of maintaining seven new stadiums.B. Because it makes the least profit from the event.C. Because of the improving cost of each footballer.D. Because of building new infrastructure and courts.【答案】28.B29. A 30. A 31. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章从经济的角度分析了卡塔尔举办的世界杯。从历届世界杯举办国的情况 来看，没有太多的盈利，更多的是亏损。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “It only expects the tournament to invest $ 17bn back into its economy. Much of that spending has gone into building infrastructure, including an advanced new metro system built to accommodate the 1.5m visitors expected to show up to footbalfs biggest party. Organisers insist all the construction will serve a purpose even after the final goals are scored.（预计世界杯仅将为其经济带来 170 亿美 元的投资。大部分支出用于基础设施建设，包括一个先进的新地铁系统，该系统旨在容纳预计将出现在 足球最大派对上的150万游客。组织者坚称，在最后的进球完成后，所有的建筑都将发挥作用）”及第四 段中的 “Some infrastructure projects make economies more productive in the long term.（从长远来看，一些基 础设施项目可以提高经济的生产力）”可推知，卡塔尔根本没指望世界杯能盈利，而是希望这项赛事能提 高未来的生产力。故选B。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文 “Of the 14 World Cups they analyzed, only one has ever been profitable:Russia's in 2018 generated a surplus （盈余）of $ 235m （在他们分析的14届世界杯中，只有一届是盈利的： 2018年俄罗斯世界杯产生了 2.35亿美元的盈余）”及下文“by a huge deal for broadcasting rights（通过一笔 巨大的转播权交易）”可知，2018年俄罗斯世界杯能够盈利，是因为它有巨大的转播权交易支持。由此可 知，划线词buoyed与backed（支持）意思接近。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 u Almost all the main expenses fall on the host country. FIFA, the sporfs governing body, covers only operational costs. Yet it takes home most of the revenue （收入）：ticket sales, sponsorships and broadcasting rights go into its coffers （金库）.The last World Cup, for instance, scored FIFA a cool $5.4bn, part of which is then transferred to national teams.（几乎所有的主要开支都由东道国承担。这项运动的管理机构国际 足联（FIFA）只承担运营成本。然而，它将大部分收入都收入囊中：门票销售、赞助和转播权。例如， 上届世界杯为国际足联带来了 54亿美元的收入，其中一部分转移给了各国国家队）”可知，国际足联将主 要从足球赛事中获得经济利益。故选A。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Much of that spending has gone into building infrastructure, including an advanced new metro system built to accommodate the 1.5m visitors expected to show up to fdotbalPs biggest party.（大部分支出用于基础设施建设，包括一个先进的新地铁系统，该系统旨在容纳预计将出现在足球最 大派对上的 150 万游客）”和最后一段中的 uCosts have been driven by building more new stadiums for every tournament. In Qatar, seven of the eight stadiums have been built from scratch; in 1966 England did not build any.（每届赛事都要建造更多的新场馆，这推高了比赛成本。在卡塔尔，八座体育场中有七座是从零开始 建造的；1966年，英国没有建造任何一座）”可知，卡塔尔的这次比赛耗资巨大，因为要建造新的基础设 施和球场。故选D。D“When we are stressed, we are more likely to want to avoid not just the task at hand, but the negative emotions we feel around that task as well J Alicia Wafaa neuroscientist and senior lecturer at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, explains. “That's because at a basic neuroscientific level, we have a bias toward the present and prefer the immediate reward of feeling good when the brain releases the neurochemical dopamine （多巴胺）.“Essentially, our brains are hardwired to approach tasks we find enjoyable and avoid those that produce negative feelings. "Our limbic brain （大脑边缘系统），the emotional part of our brain, is saying, 'Let's do this other thing and avoid that other stressful thing, while our prefrontal cortex （前额叶脑皮层）is the CEO of our brain, “ says Waif. "It's making a plan, setting the goals, and making sure we stay on track. But there can be a disconnect when our limbic brain denies that prefrontal cortex message. " Then there9s the burst of energy we often get when we'reup against a deadline, which leads to a reward pathway within our brains and sets the foundation for procrastination （拖延症）as a habit. "When you sprint （冲刺）to the end and get to the goal, it's so satisfying; we almost get ourselves in that pattern of "Well, I got it done, and it felt good, says Waif.In an effort to retrain your brain, Waif recommends taking breaks to refocus your attention on the task at hand. Methods such as the Pomodoro Technique can help you stay focused, in which you work within 25-minute intervals followed by five-minute breaks and continue circling until the task of the day is completed. Integrating mindfulness techniques during those breaks, such as meditation （冥想），yoga, and journaling, can also help reduce the stress that causes procrastination. "Trying to minimize stress by deliberately refocusing on whatever the task is, versus those feelings of anxiety, is about retraining your approach to stress and behaviors/' says Waif.It can also help to “eat that frog”, or tackle the most difficult and most meaningful task of the day and do it first thing in the morning. If all else fails, try tricking your brain by giving yourself a small reward for working on the task you've been avoiding. "Little rewards really help us, especially when we're trying to reach a large goal,“ says Waif. "You have to recharge and keep yourself motivated.32. What message is conveyed in the first two paragraphs?A. People prefer more stressful tasks.B. Stress produces negative feelings.C. Stress is behind the delay on tasks.D. Stress keeps one's brain motivated.33. In Paragraph 2,what will probably happen when our limbic brain takes over?A. Preparing one's tasks in advance.B. Approaching tasks as scheduled.C. Living up to one's purposes.D. Leaving difficulties to the last.B. Watching out for working behaviors.D. Attaining a goal in a timed period.B. Challenge overcoming.D. Morning exercise.34. What is one key to Pomodoro Technique according to Waif?A. Mixing up the feelings of anxiety.C. Being absent-minded during breaks.35. What is "eat that frog probably about?A. Frog cooking.C. Time management.【答案】32.C33. D 34. D 35. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了压力才是导致拖延症的根本原因，进而给出了缓解压力的几种办法。32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 “ "When we are stressed, we are more likely to want to avoid not just the task at hand, but the negative emotions we feel around that task as well/ Alicia Wafaa neuroscientist and senior lecturer at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York, explains. 'That's because at a basic neuroscientific level, we have a bias toward the present and prefer the immediate reward of feeling good when the brain releases the neurochemical dopamine.，（纽约伦斯勒理工学院的神经科学家、高级讲师艾丽西亚瓦法解释说：“当我们感 到压力时，我们更有可能不仅想要避免手头的任务，还想要避免与任务相关的负面情绪。”“这是因为 在基本的神经科学层面上，当大脑释放神经化学物质多巴胺时，我们倾向于当下，更喜欢感觉良好的即 时奖励。“）“以及第二段中的 “Then there's the burst of energy we often get when we9 re up against a deadline, which leads to a reward pathway within our brains and sets the foundation for procrastination as a habit. （然后，当我们面临最后期限时，我们经常会迸发出能量，这在我们的大脑中形成了一个奖励通道，并为 拖延成为一种习惯奠定了基础）”可推知，第一和第二段主要讲述了压力是拖延任务的原因。故选c项。33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “'Our limbic brain, the emotional part of our brain, is saying, 'Let's do this other thing and avoid that other stressful thing/ while our prefrontal cortex is the CEO of our brain/ says Waif. It's making a plan, setting the goals, and making sure we stay on track. But there can be a disconnect when our limbic brain denies that prefrontal cortex message（沃尔夫说：“我们的边缘大脑，即大脑中负责情感的部 分，会说，'让我们做另一件事，避免另一件有压力的事。'而我们的前额叶皮层是我们大脑的首席执 行官。“）”可以推测，当影响或产生情绪的大脑边缘系统比负责计划、调节和控制心理活动的前额叶脑 皮层活跃，就会“否认”前额脑皮层的信息，也就是大脑会传递aLeVs do this other thing and avoid that other stressful thing的信息,即避免做高压的任务而先做别的事情。A、B、C三项都是uIfs making a plan, setting the goals, and making sure we stay on track”的改写,这些是前额叶脑皮层控制的。故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的 u Methods such as the Pomodoro Technique can help you stay focused, in which you work within 25-minute intervals followed by five-minute breaks and continue circling until the task of the day is completed.（像番茄工作法这样的方法可以帮助你保持专注，你在25分钟的间隔内工作，然后休息5分 钟，继续循环，直到完成一天的任务）”可以推测，Pomodor。Technique就是工作25分钟，休息五分钟。 循环直到当天的任务都完成。由这一点进一步推测，Pomodoro Technique就是把当天的任务分解，并在 25分钟的时间段中一一完成。故选D项。【35题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的 u tackle the most difficult and most meaningful task of the day and do it firstthing in the morning（解决一天中最困难和最有意义的任务，并在早上把它作为第一件事）”可推测，“eat that frog"是说先处理难题或者做最有意义的事情。故选B项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。We spend most of the year complaining that Britain is too cold and wet but gripe （抱怨）with just as muchenthusiasm about the heat. Although moaning about the weather is satisfying, it's better to take action and cool yourself down. You need to take extra care in the UK when temperatures hit 24.36Being too hot makes you unwell and can even kill you. 37 People over 65, under five, pregnant women, those with medical conditions（such as heart disease and mental health conditions） and those who work outside need extra protection in hot weather.Research shows that putting your feet in cold water is a good way to reduce core body temperature and keep your organs working. It will also help reduce swelling in your ankles and feet.38 However, don't attempt to fully soak in freezing cold water as