IntroductiontoMINITAB(英文版)lir.pptx

Introduction toMINITABLearning ObjectiveslStructure of MINITAB,Main Windows and Shortcut Keyboard CommandslTypes of Data,Data Entry and Data Manipulation TechniqueslCorrect data structure for analysis in MINITABlCreating and Interpreting Basic Graphs in MINITABlExport MINITAB Output into Other ProgramsWhat is MINITAB?MINITAB is a Statistical Software Package forPerforming Simple and Complex Data AnalysesExecuting Quality Analyses,such asMeasurement System AnalysisProcess Capability AnalysisControl ChartsDesigning and Analyzing ExperimentsDoing Data ExplorationAnd much more.MINITAB WindowsTypes of WindowsTypes of WindowsMINITAB has five types of Windows:oSession WindowoData WindowoHistory WindowoInfo WindowoGraph WindowMINITABs Default:oSession Window(top)oData Window(bottom)Hidden Windows:oHistory WindowoInfo WindowMINITAB WindowsToolbarThe Toolbar provides a“shortcut”to performing frequently used commands.The center buttons of the Toolbar change as the active window is changed,to reflect the unique capabilities of each window.Use your mouse to determine the use of each button,by placing the pointer on the button.A brief description of functionality for each button will appear.Windows TaskbarThe Windows Taskbar provides buttons to move from one open application to another.Use the Start menu to open other programs you wish to use with MINITAB.Use the buttons on the Taskbar to move between programs and to copy graphs,data,and output generated in MINITAB to Microsoft and other popular products.StartMy ComputerMicrosoft PowerPointMINITAB-UntitledMINITAB WindowsRight Mouse ButtonMany of the functions available using the button bar are also available using the Right Mouse Button.There are a few functions(like Format and Set Columns)which are available through a right mouse click,but not found on the button bar.The available functionality is dependent upon which window is active.Windows ButtonsWhen MINITAB is first opened,two windows(Session and Data)can be seen.The top right-hand corner of each window contains the buttons shown above.The first can be used to minimize your window.The second allows the window to fill the screen,or revert to a smaller size.The last button closes(permanently)the window.The window that MINITAB runs in also contains these buttons.Clicking X in the software window will cause you to exit MINITAB!While only two windows can be seen,two additional windows(History and Info)are minimized and hidden under the Data window.MINITAB WindowsActive WindowMINITAB has at least four windows open at any one time.These windows are the Session,Data,History,and Info.While all four windows are open,only one window is“active”at any single point in time.The active window will always be in the foreground and the bar across the top of the window will be highlighted.These four windows are interactive.Entering data in the Data window results in a summary of the data shown in the Info window.When you execute a command from one of the menus,statistics will appear in the Session window,and a written summary of the commands you have just used will appear in the History window.Lets take a closer look at these windows.We will begin with the Data window.Data Window WorksheetThe column name row is located just above row 1 of the worksheet.Column names may be up to 31 characters and may contain spaces.There is a data entry arrow above row 1 which dictates the direction the cursor will move after the Enter Key is pressed.When data is entered into MINITAB,the data will be read as one of three formats:Numeric Text(alphanumeric)Date/TimeOpen the project GB Attendance.mpj to view examples of numeric,text,and date/time data.Window Worksheet,orCtrl-D,orOpen Worksheet1.File Open Project2.Select GB Attendance.MPJ3.Click OpenProjects can only be saved and reopened in Release 12.You may also save information separately(only data or only a graph)if you wish,using the Save Worksheet and Save Graphs commands.There are 3 different data types:Date:Letter“D”beside the column no.Text:Letter“T”beside the column no.Numeric:no letter is present and column contains data The type of data permitted in each column is defined by the data point found in the first row of the column.Info WindowWindow Info,orCtrl-IInfo window contains an automatically updated summary of the current Data window.In addition to providing information on the type of data,the Info window also lists the number of observations per column,as well as the number of missing values.Info window is especially useful to help you keep track of variables for large worksheet.Info window is always active,although usually hidden from view.Session Window Session window provides information about the size of the worksheet when you first open MINITAB.The worksheet size indicates the number of cells in the worksheet.This size can be changed using the Preference command.The Session window also stores numeric output generated by MINITAB commands.You can edit and format text as you would in a word processor:add comments,cut,copy,paste and change type of fonts.Window Session,orCtrl-M,orHistory Window History window records commands used to modify or create the Session,Data and Graph windows,without the output.The contents of the History window cannot be changed.The commands can be copied into a word processor or text editor and used to create macros for repeated tasks.The History window can contain 64kB of text/5000 lines of commands.MINITAB discards first half of the contents without warning when this limit is reached.1.Window History,or Ctrl-HPreferences Command1.Edit Preferences2.Select General(click twice)3.Chg.size of the worksheet to 200,0004.Click OK5.Click Save6.File Exit7.Restart the programGeneral Preferences oLet you change your worksheet size and save your current MINITAB print setupoNo.of cells is limited by the amount of memory available on your systemoWorksheet size does not change until you completely exit MINITAB and start MINITAB againoIf the value is less than one specified in Edit Save Preferences General,that means there is not enough available memoryChanging Worksheet SizePreferences Command1.Edit Preferences2.Select Graphics(click twice)3.Chg.Maximum no.of graphs to 304.Click OK5.Click SaveGraphics Preferences oAllows you to control initialization of graphics,closing and saving of graphs,and graph editing movement and toolsoChanges take effect immediately once you click on the Save Preferences dialog boxChanging Graphics PreferencesGenerate Session Window Output1.File New MINITAB Worksheet2.File Open Worksheet3.Select GB Attendance.MTW4.Stat Basic Statistics Display Descriptive Statistics5.In the List Box,double-click:Late in minsDescriptive StatisticsOne of the most commonly used commands is Display Descriptive Statistics.The area on the left containing the variable names is the List Box.The box on the right is the Variables Box.List Box contains a list of variables available for analysis.Choose a variable to be analyzed by clicking twice on the variable List Box.The variable will move to any location which contains the cursor.Exercise:Use this command to generate a list of statistics to describe the data found in C4.Session Window OutputSession window can be accessed by:Window Session or Ctrl-M or Numeric output in the Session window may be cut and paste or imported into other software packages for reporting.Custom notes may also be typed in the Session window.Generate Graph Window1.Click (Edit Last Command)or Ctrl-E2.Click 3.Choose 4.Click twice,once in each dialog boxThe sub-dialog box associated with the Graphs button allows you to choose from four individual graphs or a graphical summary.The square“check boxes”allow you to generate one or more graphs at a time.The Session window statistics are generated in addition to the graph.Each graph created in MINITAB will generate a separate window.A graph window in MINITAB is not linked to the data.In other words,if the data changes,this does not change the graph.Writing ReportsPasting Graphs into MS Word:1.Ensure graph window is active2.Right Mouse button Copy Graph or Ctrl-C3.Open Microsoft Word4.Paste graph using Ctrl-VPasting Session window output into MS Word:1.Highlight the text lines to copy2.Right Mouse button Copy or Ctrl-C3.Return to Microsoft Word4.Paste the text using Ctrl-VYou may wish to combine MINITABs output and graphs in a report.Microsoft Word is an example of a word processor that will accept both text and graphs from MINITAB.Text and graphics can also be pasted into MS Word Tables.You will need to use the Paste Special command and remove“float”to accomplish this task.Copying Graphs and Tables to Microsoft WordAlt-TabGoes between software packagesCtrl-TabManeuvers between windowsCtrl-MMINITAB Session windowCtrl-DData windowCtrl-HHistory windowCtrl-IInfo windowCtrl-EReturn to the last dialog boxDouble-clicking on a file in Open Worksheet or Open Project opens a file.The folder on the button bar will ONLY open projects.Session Manage WorksheetsManage GraphsDataReturn to the last Dialog box Open ProjectWindows Maneuvering CommandsSummary of Keyboard and Button Bar CommandsData EntryMINITAB allows entry in 4 different ways:oTyping data into worksheetoPasting data from other applicationsoImporting data files from other compatible software packagesoOpening an existing MINITAB worksheetData EntryStructure the data so that each variable is in a single columnEach column should have a titleColumn title must be less than 31 characters&on a single lineAll data must immediately follow the column namesNo spaces between rows of dataColumns containing dollar signs or commas cannot be transferred to MINITAB using Copy/Paste.Reformat these numbers to include only decimal points.Columns with dollar signs and commas will successfully import as generic numbersElements of an“Easily Importable”WorksheetData EntryImporting Data from other Software Packages1.File Open Worksheet2.Go to the“specified”directory3.Files of type:Excel4.Select:Dataform.xls (double-click or click once and click Open)To determine whether a file can be opened by MINITAB,choose Open Worksheet from the file menu.Notice that the area labeled Files of type contains a drop-down menu.This is indicated by the arrow(triangle)to the right of the Files of type selection box.When a file type is chosen from the drop-down list,only those files containing the file extension chosen are displayed in the file list.When you are importing files,it is important to choose the specific file type you are importing.Notice how easily the file imports.This is because the file structure is compatible with both MINITAB and Excel.Data Entry/ImportHandling“Less Ideal”Data Structures1.Open Excel2.Open file:Wave3 Group4.xls3.Analyze the data4.Exit ExcelDetermine if the format is compatible to MINITAB.Data Entry/Import(contd)1.Open MINITAB2.Open file:Wave3 Group4.xls3.Analyze the dataNotice the problems with the import:oHeader in C1 reads as Title rowo“Measurement in meters”read as first data point in C1,as a result column show as textoTrue titles(row 4)read as first data point in C2-C7,therefore column show as textoSome skip rows between data pointoData in C7 is not meaningful in MINITABoData in Rows 17-26 is not meaningful in MINITABData Entry/Import(contd)Handling“Less Ideal”Data StructuresIf your data is not in a“MINITAB-analyzable”form,there are 2 choices:oReformat the data in Excel(hide rows/columns,change dollar format to numeric)before copying and pasting the data into MINITAB.oImport the data into MINITAB,using Options and Preview in the Open Worksheet dialog box to customize the data structure.Data Entry/Import(contd)Using Preview&Options to Restructure Data1.Ctrl-E2.Highlight Wave3 Group4.xls(click only once)3.ClickUse the Preview dialog box to determine the row#of column names(row 5)and#of data rows(8 rows)to import4.PressThis returns you to the Open Worksheet dialog boxData Entry/Import(contd)5.Click 6.Variable names:Use row:57.Number of data rows:8This will exclude the summary row.8.9.ClickThis returns you to the Open Worksheet dialog box10.Click11.Scroll to C712.Highlight the column number and deleteThis will exclude the summary column.13.Click14.ClickUsing Preview&Options to Restructure DataManip menuManip Stack Stack Blocks of ColumnsManip Code Numeric to TextManip Change Data Type Text to Date/TimeManip Stack Stack RowsCalc menuCalc Make Patterned Data Simple set of Date/TimeCalc Extract Date/Time to TextWhile the columns in the file we just imported now have the correct data type,the structure of the format is not conducive for analysis in MINITAB.The Manip menu contains many commands to reorganize and reformat your data.The Calc menu allows the creation of new data columns.To introduce you to some of the functionality in this menu,we will use the following commands to reorganize and reformat the current data.Manip and Calc Menus to Reorganize/Redefine Data StructureThe first thing to do is to determine what part of the data is your response(Y or measurement)and what information is available to describe where or under what circumstances your response values were obtained(input or Xs).Reorganizing DataThe data set contains a response(Distance)for each Operator(X1)and each Period(X2).The response is a continuous variable.Both Xs in this case are categorical(discrete)variables.Categorical Xs are also called factors.Different groups within a factor are called factor-levels.The factor-levels for Period are in C1.The factor-levels for Operator are found in the title columns C2-C5(Andrew-Edmund).MINITAB can do a few basic analyses with the data structured as shown,it is preferable to have all factor-levels of each X variable in a single column.Manip-Stack Blocks1.Manip Stack/Unstack Stack Block of Columns2.Fill in the dialog box as shown below:3.ClickTo convert this table to a single column format,you can use either the Stack Blocks command or the Stack Rows command.These commands will order your data differently,but place all data in two X columns and a Response column.We will use Stack Blocks to place all data from Andrew-Edmund in a single column Distance.For each Operators Distance we will carry data from the column Period.These blocks of data(each combination of Period and Operators Distance)are all stacked on top of each other into the two columns Month and Distance.You have the option of storing subscripts(an integer which identifies each block of data stacked).Reorganize Data from Excel Tables to a Column FormatManip-CodeoThe data in the first five columns contains the same information as the data found in C6-8.oYou can make the data in the Month column more descriptive by coding the data as follows:1.Manip Code Numeric to Text2.Fill in the dialog box as shown below:3.ClickWhen there are less than eight categories to re-code,use the Code command in the Manip menu.When the number of categories exceeds eight,you can create a conversion table instead.Re-labeling Data to Improve