广东省连州市高三英语分类复习语法词语派生课件.ppt

词语派生词语派生是语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到(1)句子成分划分或句子结构分析；(2)各种词类的语法功能；(3)构词法特别是派生法，等多个知识点，是综合性较强的一道题。我们将其主要考点和必备基础归纳如下：考点1：形容词副词在形容词后加-ly 可变成与原来意义相同的副词。直接加-ly slow 慢的slowly 缓慢地改y为-ily happy 高兴的happily 高兴地去e 加-ly true 真的truly 真的考点解密后 缀 例 词 后 缀 例 词-al industrial national-an European American-ern eastern northern-able reasonable believable-ful careful mouthful-ish childish selfish-ive active creative-y dirty thirsty windy-en golden wooden-ary imaginary revolutionary-ic realistic historic-some troublesome lonesome-like childlike womanlike-ly friendly lovely-less careless harmless考点2：名词形容词(1)名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：(2)形容词变成名词。如：后缀 例 词-ness happiness 幸福 illness 疾病-y difficulty 困难 possibility 可能性-ism socialism 社会主义考点3：形容词动词(1)形容词可变成动词。如：en-enrich 丰富 enable 使能够-en widen 加宽 sharpen 削尖shorten 缩短 soften 软化-ize Americanize 美国化 civilize 使开化modernize 现代化 nationalize 国有化-y simplify 简化某些名词后加-y 可变成动词，表示“使化”。如：beautify 美化(2)动词变成形容词。如：-ouscontinuous 持续的 various 各种各样的考点4：动词名词后缀 例 词-ance acceptance 接受 appearance 出现-ence reference 参考 existence 存在-al refusal 拒绝 arrival 到达-tion dictation 听写 preparation 准-ment argument 争论 judgment 判断考点5：名词名词(人)后缀 例 词-er teacher 教师 reader 读者officer 官员 farmer 农夫villager 村民 Londoner 伦敦人-or conductor 售票员 visitor 游客-ar beggar 乞丐-ess actress 女演员 hostess 女主人-ese Chinese 中国人Japanese 日本人-ian musician 音乐家 physician 内科医生-ist scientist 科学家 socialist 社会主义者考点6：不变词性的前缀和后缀前缀 含 义 例 词dis-不，否定 dissatisfy 使不满意 dishonest 不诚实un-不 unable 不能够 unlucky 不幸的un-相反动作 undress 脱衣服 unload 卸货in-im-ir-il-不，非 inactive 不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的impolite 不有礼貌的 impossible 不可能的irregular 不规则的 irresponsible 不负责任的illogical 不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的non-不，非 non-existent 不存在的 non-stop 直达的mis-错误的，坏的 misunderstand 误解 misfortune 厄运,不幸前缀 含 义 例 词re 重复，再 rewrite 重写 remarry 再婚super-在上面，超级 supermarket 超市 supermodel 超级名模under-在之下 underestimate 低估 underground 地下的inter-相互，之间 international 国际的 interact 相互作用semi-半 semifinal（半决赛）semicircle 半圆multi-多，多种 multi-national 多国的 multi-coloured 多种颜色的kilo-千 kilometer 千米,公里 kilogram 千克,公斤tele-远 telephone 电话 television 电视a-在上/里 aboard 在船/火车/飞机上 ahead 在前面注：前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性，但en-也改变词性，如：large 大的enlarge 扩大，danger危险endanger危及；后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，但-ship 也不改变词性，如：leader 领导leadership 领导阶层；friend 朋友friendship 友谊。要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题，必须弄清要填的词在句子中充当哪种句子成分，作该种成分需要哪种词类的词；然后再根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。下表归纳了各种句子成分的概念、所处的语境和充当该句子成分的典型词类，这些是做好词语派生题的必备基础，建议同学们理解并熟记：解题技巧概念描述 所处语境 充当的词类主语讲的是什么人或什么事句子最前面；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及some,any,other等后名词、代词；动名词、不定式或从句宾语 动作的行为对象及物动词或介词之后；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及some,any,other 等后谓语 表示主语干什么或是什么主语之后 动词表语 说明主语的身份、特征或状态系动词之后 主要是形容词；某些名词；个别副词补语 补充说明宾语或主语在宾语之后；或在被动式谓语之后定语 修饰和限定名词或代词名词之前，something 等代词之后 形容词状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子动词前后；形容词或副词之前；句首副词根据上表内容，我们可以得出以下四条具体判断方法：1.在及物动词、介词、冠词、形容词性物主代词，以及some,any,other 等词后，若后面没有名词时，应填名词或动名词，如果所给单词是其它词类，就要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化。如：(1)Do you know the _(deep)of the river?解析：在动词know 后作宾语或者说在冠词the 后，用名词，故填depth。(2)The teacher was angry at my _(come)late.解析：在形容词性物主代词后或者说在介词后作宾语用名词或动名词，因come 没有相应的名词，故填coming。2.在动词前后、形容词或副词前作状语，用副词，同时还要考虑级的变化。如：(1)The boy ran _(quick)to school.解析：修饰动词ran作状语，用副词，故填quickly。(2)The little girl is _(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam。解析：在形容词前作状语，用副词，故填extremely。3.作定语、表语(表性质特征)或补语的典型词类是形容词，同时还要考虑级的变化。如：(1)Whats the _(width)river in the world?解析：在名词river 前作定语，要用形容词，由in the world 可知，要用最高级，故填widest。(2)The _(strength)we become,the more modest we should be.解析：在系动词become 后作表语，用形容词，由句式结构可知，用比较级，故填stronger。4.在句中作谓语用动词，同时考虑动词的时态。如：It is generally thought that traveling abroad can _(rich)ones knowledge.解析：因情态动词后要接动词原形，故填enrich。例1This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39(nature)course(2008 广东)例2We drank together and talked 38(merry)till far into the night(2007 广东)思路分析：中的course 是名词，在名词前作定语用形容词，故填natural。思路分析：因drank 和talked 都是动词，修饰谓语动词作状语，应用接副词，所以填merrily。语篇填空：阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性，用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。(A)A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1_(month)bills when his young son rushed in and announced,“Dad,because this is your birthday and youre 55 years old,Im going to give you 55 kisses,one for each year!”But the father exclaimed,“Oh,Andrew,dont do it now;Im too busy!”monthly The youngster immediately fell 2_(silence)as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.3_(Apological)the father said,“You can finish later.”The boy said nothing but 4_(quiet)walked away,5_(disappoint)written over his face.That evening the father said,“Come and finish the kisses now,Andrew!”But the boy didnt respond.6_(fortunate),the boy had an accident and was drowned.His heartbroken father wrote.silent Apologically quietly disappointment Unfortunately “If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7_(thought)words,and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.”Love is a two-way street.Any loving act must be 8_(warm)accepted or it will be taken as 9_(reject)and can leave a scar.Nothing is more 10_(importance)than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us.Because.there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.thoughtless warmly rejection important(B)The Edinburgh International Festival is over fifty years old and has earned its reputation as one of the worlds greatest 1_(celebrate)of the arts.The 2_(found)of the Festival believed that the Festival programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by the best 3_(art)in the world,that the Festival should enliven and 4_(rich)the cultural life of Europe,Britain and Scotland and that it should provide a period of flowering of the human spirit.celebrations founders artists enrich The Edinburgh International Festival has developed 5_(significance)over the years,yet the founders 6_(origin)intentions are closely reflected in the current aims and objectives.significantly original Each year during the summer months Edinburgh becomes the worlds Festival City.It is the huge range and number of artistic events,7_(perform)and exhibitions happening throughout the city which makes Edinburgh 8_(forget).It makes you feel that there is always something else happening around the corner which you are 9_(miss).This is 10_(evitable),part of the joy of the Festival.performances unforgettable missing inevitable