Professional Ethics(英文版)(ppt 47页)npm.pptx

4-1Professional EthicsChapter 44-2WhatareEthics?Ethicscanbedefinedbroadlyasasetofmoralprinciplesorvalues.Eachofushassuchasetofvalues.Wemayormaynothaveconsideredthemexplicitly.4-3NeedforEthicsEthicalbehaviorisnecessaryforasocietytofunctioninanorderlymanner.Theneedforethicsinsocietyissufficientlyimportantthatmanycommonlyheldethicalvaluesareincorporatedintolaws.4-4WhyPeopleActUnethically4-5PrescribedEthicalPrinciplesExample4-6EthicalDilemmas4-7RationalizingUnethicalBehavior4-8ResolvingEthicalDilemmas4-9ResolvingEthicalDilemmas4-10EthicalDilemmaAstaffpersonhasbeeninformedthathewillworkhourswithoutrecordingthemashoursworked.Firmpolicyprohibitsthispractice.Anotherstaffpersonhasstatedthatthisiscommonpracticeinthefirm.4-11EthicalDilemmaIsitethicalforthestaffpersontoworkhoursandnotrecordthemashoursworkedinthissituation?Whoisaffected?Howaretheyaffected?Whatalternativesdoesthestaffpersonhave?4-12SpecialNeedforEthicalConductinProfessionsOursocietyhasattachedaspecialmeaningtothetermprofessional.Aprofessionalisexpectedtoconducthimselforherselfatahigherlevelthanmostothermembersofsociety.4-13CPAsEncouragedtoConductThemselvesataHighLevelConductofCPAfirmpersonnelCPAexaminationGAASandinterpretationsContinuingeducationrequirements4-14CPAsEncouragedtoConductThemselvesataHighLevelConductofCPAfirmpersonnelSECPeerreviewQualitycontrol4-15CPAsEncouragedtoConductThemselvesataHighLevelConductofCPAfirmpersonnelLegalliabilityDivisionofCPAfirmsCodeofProfessionalConduct4-16CodeofProfessionalConductPrinciplesIdealstandardsofethicalconductinphilosophicaltermsTheyarenotenforceable.RulesofconductMinimumstandardsofethicalconductstatedasspecificrulesTheyareenforceable.4-17CodeofProfessionalConductInterpretationoftherulesofconductInterpretationoftherulesofconductbytheAICPADivisionofProfessionalEthicsTheyarenotenforceable,butapractitionermustjustifydeparture.4-18CodeofProfessionalConductEthicalrulingsPublishedexplanationsandanswerstoquestionsabouttherulesofconductsubmittedtotheAICPAbypractitionersandothersinterestedinethicalrequirementsTheyarenotenforceable,butapractitionermustjustifydeparture.4-19EthicalPrinciples1.ResponsibilitiesProfessionalsshouldexercisesensitiveandmoraljudgmentsinalltheiractivities.Membersshouldaccepttheobligationtoactinawaythatwillserveandhonorthepublic.2.Public Interest4-20EthicalPrinciples3.IntegrityMembersshouldperformallresponsibilitieswithintegritytomaintainpublicconfidence.Membersshouldbeobjective,independent,andfreeofconflictsofinterest.4.Objectivity and Independence4-21EthicalPrinciples5.Due CareMembersshouldobservetheprofessionsstandardsandstrivetoimprovecompetence.AmemberinpublicpracticeshouldobservetheCode of Professional Conduct.6.Scope and Nature of Services4-22StandardsofConductPrinciplesRulesofconductSubstandardconductIdealconductMinimumLevel4-23RulesofProfessionalConductn Rule101:Independencen Rule102:IntegrityandObjectivityn Rule201:GeneralStandardsn Rule202:CompliancewithStandardsn Rule203:AccountingPrinciplesn Rule301:ConfidentialClientInformationn Rule302:ContingentFees4-24RulesofProfessionalConductn Rule501:ActsDiscreditablen Rule502:Advertisingn Rule503:CommissionsandReferralFeesn Rule505:FormofPractice4-25Rule101Independencen Independenceinperformingattestservicesn Requiredbystandardsn Independentinappearanceandfact4-26SECIndependencen Independenceinfactmentalstateofobjectivityandfreeofbiasn Independenceinappearancereasonableinvestor,withallrelevantfactsandcircumstance,wouldconsidertheauditorcapableofexercisingobjectiveandimpartialjudgmentn Appliestotheauditengagementteam,chainofcommandandimmediatefamily4-27SECRestrictsCertainServicesforAuditClientsn Bookkeepingn ITdesignandimplementaionn Appraisal/valuationn Acruarialservicesn InternalAuditn ManagementFunctionn Humanresourcesn Brokerdealerservicesn Legalservices4-28SECDisclosuresn Disclosefeesinproxystatementsn Relatedton Auditfeesn Consultingfeesn Effortstomaintainindependence4-29ISBIndependenceStandardsBoardn CreatedinresponsetoSECpressuresn Issuedindependencestandardsn Disbandedin2001n MajorContributionsn Auditormustdiscussindependencewithauditcommitteeannuallyn Anyauditorthathasbeenofferedemploymentwithauditclientmustberemovedfromauditandthatportionoftheauditreviewedclosely4-30AICPAInterpretationsn Cannothaveanydirectinterestnoramaterialindirectinterestofaclient.n Canthavealoanfromaclient(exceptionstothisrule)n Nojointbusinessventureswithaclientn Notrusteesituationsincludingwithpensionplansn Cantperforminthecapacityofanemployeeormanagementoftheclient4-31GrandfatheredLoansn Loanspriorto1992arepermittedaslongastheclientwasnotaclientatthetime.n Autoloanscollateralizedbytheautoarepermittedn Creditcardandcashadvanceslessthan5000areallowedn Insurancepolicyloansoncashsurrendervaluepermitted4-32OtherRulesonIndependencen Bookkeepingallowedaslongasnotmakingdecisionsforclientn SECdoesnotallowbookkeepingn Litigationbetweenclientandauditorn Formerfirmownerscannotassociatewithclientunlesstiestofirmhavebeenseveredn Canserveasadirectorforcertainorganizationsaslongasitishonorary4-33RulesApplytoMembersn Amemberis:n Individualsontheattestengagementsteamn Individualsinpositiontoinfluencetheattestengagementn Allpartnersormanagersthatgiveotherservicestotheattestclientn Allpartnersinofficethatperformsattestengagementn Immediatefamilyofmembersmustalsobeindependentofclient4-34FamilyMemberRulesn Allfamilymembersmustbeindependentofclientfor:n Financialinterestsn Employmentinauditsensitiveareasn Definedasimmediatefamily4-35Rule102IntegrityandObjectivityn Freeofconflictsofinterestsn Notknowinglymisrepresentfactsn Dontsubordinatejudgment4-36Rule201GeneralStandardsn Professionalcompetence-onlytakejobsprofessionallycompetenttoperformn DueProfessionalcaren AdequatePlanningandSupervisionn Sufficientrelevantdatatohaveareasonablebasisforopinionorrecommendations4-37Rule202CompliancewithStandardsn MustcomplywiththerelevantAICPAstandardsfortheservicesbeingperformed4-38Rule203AccountingPrinciplesn MembermaynotexpressandopinionthatF/SareaccordancewithGAAPiftheyhaveanymaterialmodificationsfromGAAPn Exception:ifF/SwouldbemisleadingiffollowedGAAPn Describedeparturen Quantifyaffectsn Notereasonsfordeparture4-39Rule301ConfidentialClientInformationn Cantdiscloseclientinformationwithoutconsentofclientn Exceptions:n Doesnotrelieveauditorfromobligationstofollowrules202and203;i.e.discloseGAAPdeparturesinreport.n Responsestosubpoena-noclientattorneyprivilegeinmoststatesn Responsestopeerandqualityreviewsn Responsestoethicscommitteeinquiries4-40Rule302ContingentFeesn Cannotperformanyattestfunctionortaxreturnpreparationbasedoncontingentfeesn Itimpairsobjectivityifyourpaidontheoutcomeoftheservice4-41Rule501ActsDiscreditablen Shouldnotdoanyofthese:n Withholdclientsbooksfornonpaymentn Practicediscriminationn Failuretofollowgovernmentstandardswhereapplicablen Makingorallowingotherstomakefalsehoodsinfinancialstatements4-42Rule502AdvertisingandOtherFormsofSolicitationn Nomisleadingadvertisingn Nopromisestogetrefundsorjudgmentsforclientn Noestimatedfeeswhentheyarelikelytocostmore4-43Rule503CommissionsandReferralFeesn Commissionorreferralforrecommendingaproductorservicen Nocommissionsorreferralsallowedn Foraudit,review,compilationsorexaminationclientsn Impairsindependencen CPAmustdisclosefeesiftheyarepermitted;notdoingaboveservices4-44Rule505FormofPracticeandNamen Cantbemisleadingn Canusepastownersnamesn CantsayMemberofAICPAunlessallownersaremembers4-45EnforcementofEthicsn AICPAandstatesocietiesJointEthicsEnforcementProgram(JEEP)hearcomplaintsn Outcomesacquitn Admonish-putinCPAlettern Suspendfromorganizationsforuptotwoyearsorexpeln Felonyjudgmentautomaticexpulsion.4-46StateBoardsn OwnethicsrulesthatfollowtheAICPA.n Violatorscouldbeadmonished,suspendedorlosetheirlicensetopractice.n SECandIRSviolationscouldcausefinancialpenaltiesandorjailtime.4-47End of Chapter 44-48演讲完毕，谢谢观看！