人教版高中英语必修一总结.pdf

人教版高中英语必修1核 心 单 词unitl1.addv t.&v i.增 加;加;加 起 来;补 充 说；又说常用结构：add t。增添；增加；增进add.to.把.增添到.add up合计，相加add upto总数为；总计为He added some wood to increase the fire.他添了一些木柴，使火更旺些。If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.四加三得七。Unit 1 FriendshipPage No.l 1Page No.1 2解析：选C。考查动词辨析。句意为：我要说的就是这些,约翰你还有什么要补充的吗？解析：选D。add to的意思是“添加到”。2.upseta d j.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.(upset,upset)使不安;使心烦；打翻；打乱联想拓展be upset by 被.打乱upset oneself about sth.为某事烦恼Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。Dont upset yourself no harm has been done.不要难过并没有造成任何伤害。He was horribly upset over her illness.他为她的病而忧心忡忡。The students really upset h er.学生们着实让她烦恼。高手过招用upset的适当形式填空(原创)The foodShe felt ratherIs it anDon t bemy stomach.on hearing the news,message?.It will be OK.upset upset upsetting upset3.ignorev t.不理睬；忽视I said hello to her,but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.他不顾时速限制，把车开得飞快。联想拓展ignorant adj.（对某事物）不了解的；无知的；无学识的be ignorant of/about sth.不知道；没有意识到ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道be in ignorance of7about sth.不知道某事易混辨析ignore/neglect/overlookignore通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。neglect侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。高手过招（1）用 ignore/neglect/overlook的适当形式填空（原创）We could not afford to such a serious offence.He utterly my warnings and met with an accident.Don t to pay him a visit now and then.（1）overlook ignored neglect（2）单项填空一So you didnt say hello to him last night?一Well,I stopped and smiled when I saw him,but he me and walked on.（2010 杭州一模）A.Ignored B.refused C.denied D.missedPage No.15（2）解析：选 A。答句句意为：我看到他就停下来冲他微笑，但是他没理我就走了。ignore不理睬，忽视；refiise拒绝；deny否认，拒绝给予;miss怀念,错过。4.concernn.LU关心，担心，担忧；C有利害关系的事v t.涉及，关系到，参与；使担心联想拓展concerning p re p.关于concerned adj.有关的；担心的concern sb.与某人有关be concerned with sth.牵涉，与.有关；参与concern oneself with 关 心 be concerned about/for/over sth.担心；关心某事as/so far as.be concerned 关于；至于；就.而言As far as I am concerned,you can go wherever you want.就我而言，你什么时候走都行。We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.我们读了关于天外来客的故事。I was very concerned about my mothers illness.我很担心母亲的病情。高手过招（1）单项填空The meeting was concerned reforms and everyone present was concernedtheir own interests.（2010 福建厦门双十中学检测）A.with;for B.for;which C.for;about D.about;with（2）用 concern的适当形式填空（原创）There is an article that the rise of the prices.The children are rather about their mother,s health.Officials should themselves public affairs.（1）解析：选 A o 句意为：这次会议牵涉到改革，在场的每个人都很担心自己的利益。beconcerned with 牵涉到，和.有关；be concerned for/about 担心；关心。（2）concerns concerned concern；with5.settlev i.安家；定居；停留v t.使定居；安排；解决Both wanted to settle their scores.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。常用结构：settle dow n镇定下来settle i n 在.定居He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。Page No.18高手过招单项填空 Do you know anyone in Paris?No.r 1 1 make friends once.（2010 福建厦门六中检测）A.Tm settled B.I have settledC.Ill be settled D.Im settlingThe brake of your bicycle has come loose.You,d better it.（2010 陕西西安交大附中）A.settle B.fixC.pick D.correct解析：选 A。settle作“安家”讲时，既可用settle,也可用be settledo 本题是由once（一旦）引起的时间状语从句，故用般现在时表将来。解析：选 B。由句意可知，因为自行车的车闸坏了，因此要“修理Page No.196.sufferv t.遭受；忍受；蒙受vi.后接from/for意 为“受之苦”，“患疾病”常用结构：suffer an attack/a defeat/1 osses/pains遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦He suffered hard pains from the accident.他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。Do you suffer from headaches?你经常头痛吗？She s suffering from loss of memory.她患有遗忘症。联想拓展sufferer n.受苦者，受难者suffering n.痛苦，苦难Page No.2 0高手过招（1）单项填空In the countryside there are many dropouts（辍 学 者）.I thinkthe poor economic conditions.（2 01 0,浙江嘉兴一轮检测）A.lies in B.result inC.leads to D.suffers from（2）翻译句子我们在金融危机中损失惨重。（1）解析：选A。考查短语辨析。lie in在这里相当于because of。（2）We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.Page No.2 1重点短语7.go through经历；经受；检查；浏览；用完；做完The country has gone through too many wars.这个国家经历了太多的战争。Shes gone through a bad patch recently.她最近经历了一段困难时期。Have you gone through all your money already?你把所有的钱都花完了吗？I went through the students,papers last night.昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的试卷。联想拓展go after追求；追赶go ahead前进；请 说（做）吧go by走过；（时间）过去go along with 向前；（与.）一起去go in for爱好；从事Page No.2 2go o u t外出；（灯，火）熄灭goover越过；复习go through with 做完；完成go u p爬上；（价格等）上升高手过招单项填空We d better try to with the experiment,I think.Now let sdifficultywith it.（2 01 0 河南许昌一模）A.go through;go on B.go on;go overC.go over;go through D.go on;go throughIf a person has taken too much medicine by mistake,you should make the person.（2 01 0 平顶山一中月考）A.go up B.rise upC.throw up D.set upPage No.2 3解析：选A。go through with sth.意思是“做完，完成；go on w ith意思是“继续”。解析：选C。throw up的意思是“呕吐；吐出”。8.get sth.done让别人做某事/使得某事被做done是过去分词作宾语补足语，与have sth.done句型的用法一样。get sb./sth.doing使某人/某事物起来get sb.to do sth.使/让某人做某事get done（状态的改变）get作系动词，相当于beget away逃脱;离开get back回来；取回get by维持生活；通过get down to sth./doing sth.开始认真做某事get in进站；到达；收集get o ff下来;下车get on上车；进展；进步Page No.2 4get cross（对.）生气，发脾气get in one s way 挡路,妨碍get used to doing sth.习惯做某事get involved in 涉及get in touch with和.取得联系get it 了解，懂得，明白高手过招（1）单项填空The final examination is coming up soon.It s time for us to our studies.（2 01 0 河南焦作一中月考。）A.get down to B.get outC.get back for D.get over（2）完成句子（原创）讲解后，老师让我们思考起问题来。Shortly after the explanation the teacher got us.Page No.2 5我们将很快为你订制一套新衣服。We will get a new suit for you.她试图使他说话。She tried to get him.解析：选A。该题根据交际情景考查短语动词的用法。根据题意，此处指开始认真学习，故选A。get down to开始认真考虑,符合题意。get out出去，离开，逃脱，泄露；get back for回来，恢复；get over爬过；克服，熬过；恢复，原谅。故B、C、D三项均不符合题意。（2）thinking made to talk9.set down放下；记下；登记Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车。Page No.2 6联想拓展set about（doing sth.）着 手（做某事）set out（to do sth.）开始，着手（做某事）set aside留出；不顾setback（把钟等）往回拨;推迟set free释放；解放set o ff动身，出 发（去某地）；使爆炸set out动身，出发；安排，组织set up开办；建立；设立set an example to 树立榜样set fire to.=set.on fire 纵火烧be set in以.为背景The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.由于天气恶劣，建筑计划延误了好儿个星期。We need to set about finding a solution.我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。Page No.2 7温馨提示set about和set out都可作“开始/着手做某事”讲，但set about后加doing s t h.,而set out后加 to do sth.o高手过招单项填空As soon as he got to the office,he the students papers.（2 01 0 山东济南一中月考）A.got down to correctB.got down to correctingC.set down to correctingD.sit down to correcting解析：选B。get down to意思是“着手做某事，其中to是介词，后跟名词或动名词。Page No.2 81 0.on purpose故意The boy broke Jacks window on purpose.He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。联想拓展purpose n.目的，用途；目标；重要意义for the purpose of 为了.to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒劳The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.这本书的目的是全面介绍这所大学。高手过招用purpose的适当形式或短语填空（原创）Hedidn t do it.What was your?on purpose purposePage No.2 91 1.join in参加；加入They didnt have enough time to join in the activity.他们没有足够的时间来参加这个活动。联想拓展join sb.in sth.与某人一起做某事join up入伍；参军join up with sb.与某人联合；会合join hands with sb.Lj某人拉起手来；合伙；联合Will you join me in a w alk?你愿意和我一起散步吗？Let us join hands in friendship.让我们携手共建友谊吧。Page No.30易混辨析join in/join/take part in/attendjoin i n参加正在进行着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。jo in参加某组织或团体，并成为其中一员;来和某人待在一起。take part i n参加会议或有组织的群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。attend正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，句子的主语是去听去看，自己不一定起积极作用，相当于be present。高手过招用 join/join in/take part in/attend 的适当形式填空（原创）I decided toWould you like meII will have tothe club to have dance training,to the game?a meeting last month.his funeral next week.join join in took part in/attended attendPage No.31重点句型1 2.but your friend cant go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。not.un til意 为“直到才”，表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。u n til引导从句时，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作，则主句用肯定式；如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词，则用否定形式。“It is/was not until+被强调的部分+that.”相当于“Not until did(does,do,is.)+主 语.”意 为“直到才”，是强调形式。You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.体温正常后，你才能起床。He didnt leave until the meeting was over.直到会议结束他才离开。Page No.32It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star.=1 didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位电影明星。高手过招单项填空Not until,settle the problem.(2 01 0 潍坊一轮验收)A.he returns;can we B.he returns;we canC.does he returns;we can D.does he return;we canIt was back home after the experiment.A.not until midnight did he goB.until midnight that he didnt goC.not until midnight that he wentD.until midnight when he didnt goPage No.33解析：选A。当not until位于句首时句子需倒装。句意为：直到他回来我们才能解决这个问题。解析：选C o强调句型It is/was.that对not until.进行强调时,需把not until 放到强调结构中，故选C。1 3.While walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗的时候，你太大意了，一松手，狗就被车撞了。while walking the dog是连词while加现在分词短语结构，强调分词的动作正在发生，相当于while you were walking the dog。在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，谓语含有系动词b e,可以省略从句的主语和系动词be。When crossing the street,you should be careful.过马路时，你应当小心。If heated,water can be turned into vapour.如果受热，水会变成蒸气。Page No.34温馨提示在状语从句中，如果从句的主语为it时，也可以将it和助动词b e省略。Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的话，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。高手过招单项填空 with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.（20 1 0-山东莱州检测）A.Compares B.When comparingC.Comparing D.When compared the two systems,little man found the latter advantageous.（原仓U）A.Compare B.When comparedC.Compared D.When comparingPage No.35解析：选 D。考查状语从句的省略用法。在状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语相同或者主语为it时，可以将从句中的主语或者it和助动词be省略。本句是将状语从句“Whenit is compared with the size of the whole earth”中的 it is 省略，因此正确答案为 Do解析：选 D。考点省略。在状语从句中，当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有 be动词时，通常采用省略形式。句中的little man j compare之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故选D。14.I wonder if it s because I haven*t been able to be outdoors for so long that I,ve grown socrazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。此句中的it s.that是强调句型。关于强调句型，我们需要掌握以下几点：Page No.36（1）强调句型的基本结构：“It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+其他成分”用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。当被强调部分为sb.作宾语时，可用who,也可用that,其他情况一律用山at。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语在人称与数上一保持一致。（2）特殊句式中的强调句型：如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表 示“到底”、“究竟”等语气时，就用如下结构：“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+该句的其余部分“，that/who后只能使用陈述语序。在“not.until”结构中，由until所引导的短语（或从句）作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“It+is/was+notuntil.+lhat+该句的其余部分”，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。Page No.37（3）强调句型要注意和it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“还原法。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。It was three oclock when I got home.我到家的时候三点。It was at three oclock that I got home.三点钟我到的家。It was in his town that he was brought up.他是在镇上被养大的。（强调句）It was this town where/in which he was brought up.这是他被抚养长大的城镇。（定语从句）（4）英语中常用助动词do,does或 did强调谓语。He did go to the airport yesterday,but he didnt find you.他昨天确实去了机场，但他没有找到你。Page No.38It is I that/who am going fbr a holiday with Mary.是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。When is it that we will have a meeting?我们什么时候开会？高手过招单项填空It is in that poor village,Mary lived and worked 15 years ago,shewill build her first school,which inspires everyone to help her.（原创）A.where;when B.that;thatC.that;when D.where;that解析：选 D。句意为：就是在那个她生活和工作了 15年的贫穷的村庄，玛丽将要建起她的第一座学校，这一点鼓舞了人们来帮她。第一空为where引导的非限制性定语从句，第二空填 that,构成强调句型，强调地点状语。Page No.3915.1 dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意 为“像大多数人那么做a s 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语与从句谓语的同时性；引导让步状语从句，表 示“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）；引导方式状语从句，表 示“以方式”；引导原因状语 从 句（=since;because）,意 为“由于,因为“；引导比较状语从句。As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。Cold as it is,my brother wears only a shirt.尽管天气冷，我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。Page No.40Why didnt you take the medicine as I told you to?为什么你没有按我说的来服这种药？As you were not there,I left a message.因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。She is as tall as you.她和你一样高。高手过招单项填空 as he is,he speaks English well.（2010 山西太原一中月考）A.Little child B.A little childC.The little child D.Child littleIn some countries,are called u public sch o o lsare not owned by thepublic.（2010 11 江西新余一中质量检测）A.which B.as C.what D.thatPage No.41解析：选 B o 在让步状语从句中，作表语的名词如果提前，该名词常省去冠词，但若名词前有修饰语时，就不省略冠词。解析：选 C。考查what引导的主语从句。what在主语从句中作主语。句意为：在许多国家，所谓的公立学校并非公众拥有。16.it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚如果前面是“it(will be)is/this(will be)is/that(will be)is+the first/second time that 句式，表示“某人第几次做某事”。其中,that引导的是定语从句，后面句子的时态用现在完成时；如果前面是it(would be)was，后面则用过去完成时。It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai.这是我第一次来珠海。It was the second time that she had visited London.那是她第二次游览伦敦。Page No.42温馨提示如果time前有last修饰，此时我们一般不用完成时态。注意：the first time可起从属连词的作用，引导时间状语从句；for the first time意 为“第一次”单独用作状语。This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.这是我最后一次给你们上课了。高手过招(1)单项填空Its the third timeA.that you areC.when you arrivedlate this w e e k.(原创)B.you areD.that you have beenIt was for the first time that heA.Invitedto the party.B.had been invitedC.has been invited D.was invited(2)翻译句子(原创)This will be the second time that I have been to the Great Wall.Page No.43(1)解析：选 D。“It is the+序数词+time+that从句”为固定句型，从句谓语动词必须用现在完成时。解析：选 D。it was.that是强调结构，句中强调状语“for the first time”故选D。(2)这将会是我第二次去长城。Page No.44Unit 2 English around the world核心单词mandn.&v t.命令；指令；掌握The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.那名军官命令士兵们开火。A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.将军是统率众多士兵的人。常用结构：at/by sb s command 听某人支配take command of 控制in command of 指挥着Page No.45under one s command 由某人的指挥under the command of s b.在某人的指挥下command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command（=order）that.命令.（从句用虚拟语气，即 should+do 形式，should可省略）联想拓展commander n.指挥官高手过招用适当的介词填空（原创）For the first time in years,she felt she was commandof her life.The army is the king,s direct command.The police arrived and took command the situation.in under/at/by ofPage No.462.requestv t.&n.请求；恳求；要求常用结构：request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事request sth.from/of s b.向某人要求某物request that sb.（should）do slh.要求某人做某事make a request/requests 发 出请求at the request of sb.=at sb.s request 依照某人的请求易混辨析request/demand/require代quest表 示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求工demand表 示“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。require表 示“要求所必须的东西；法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求二但它们也有不同之处：Page No.47require和request都可以接宾语+to do sth.结构，而demand没有此种用法。但可以说demandof sb.to do sth.require+动名词时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand,request无此种用法。They are demanding higher w a g e s.他们要求提高工资。Do you require anything e lse?你还要求（需要）别的吗?Many people have requested this next song.许多人要求听下面这首歌。They required me to keep s ile n t.他们要求我保持沉默。The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks.这封信要求我们六周内搬出这所房子。温馨提示以上三个词的共同点是：从语法上看，request和 demand,require都可以接that引导的宾语从句，并且在从句中要使用虚拟语气。Page No.48高手过招单项填空One of the requirements for a fire is that the material to its burning temperature.（2010 陕西师大附中月考一）A.be heated B.is heatedC.would be heated D.do heatWhy were you late for such an important concert?The plane arrived at the airport after a of three hours.（2010 陕西商洛一轮检测）A.delay B.rest C.tour D.request解析：选 Ao 如同 require,demand,order,suggest,advise,insist,request 等动词要求其后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气一样，它们所对应的名词的同位语从句和表语从句也要求使用虚拟语气，即：should+动词原形。故选A。解析：选 A o 上句询问“迟到的原因”，因此下句中的名词应是与“迟到”意义有关的名词，所以只能选择“延误”。Page No.493.recognizev t.辨认出；承认；公认常用结构：recognize sb.认 出某人recognize one，s voice 听出某人的声音recognize.as.认定；承认.为.recognize sb./sth.to be.认为某人/某事物是.recognize that.承 认.When he walked out of the station,I recognized him immediately.当他从车站里走出来时，我立刻认出了他。Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir.大家都承认他为合法继承人。Page No.50高手过招单项填空Oh,its