专接本考试英语讲义之一语音对话.pdf

专接本考试英语讲义第一部分第一讲语音知识第一章概况第一节总括一、大纲1.共5题、5分；四选一,找到划线部分不同的一个；2.考察字母及字母组合的发音。二、考察重点：相同字母或字母组合的发音区别。三、复习方法：语音复习贵在读音准确，日积月累，“总结、掌握一般规律，注重、突破特殊发Vr力日 。第二节复习要点一、语音知识简介，英语共48个音素，元音20个,辅音28个（见图片）。（领读）二、考试重点：元音字母及其组合；辅音字母及其组合。第三节复习精讲一、元音字母及其组合发音规则元音字母是a,o,e,i,u.共有 5 个，是考试重点、热点、难 点（元音字母虽然只有5个但是其发音灵活多变，许多时候不合规则）。音节:元音是构成音节的主体，辅音是音节的分界线。一般来说，有几个元音就有几个音节。开音节：i.绝对：发音的元音字母结尾的重读音节，如a,be,we,me,he,I,no,so,etc.i i.相对：元音字母+辅音字母+字母e（不发音）,如 name,face,nice,life,whole,use注意：开音节中的元音字母读字母表音。闭音节：以辅音字母结尾的重读音节，如 man,active,pen,enter,big,finish,long,doctor,sun,up注意：闭音节中的元音字母读短音。（一）元音字母1、元音字母a的读音规律总结：例 1.A.nation B.natureC.national D.native答案选C。读音规律总结如下：重读音节/dategrade nation race waveApril（开音节）/camp carry canstand have happylanguage（闭音节）/master ask passanswerbranch after bath（a 在 n,s,f 和 th 前）/wallet wash watchquarrel quantity quality（泮意：英国英语5特：/water/any anythingmany/parent various vary 轻 读 音 节 名 词/comrade fortunatecourage village特殊名词/headacheclassmate centigrade动词/celebrateoperate liberatehibernate其他/apologizeavoid aware ability variety2【元善字母】的读善规律总结：例 2.A.fresh B.medicineC.frequently D.regret答案选c。读音规律总结如下：重读音节/even retellremarry complete secretevening fever/let beg regretdevelop expert spendcentury/experience periodmaterial（r 前）轻 读 音 节/dependwomen receiveregretdecide pocket happinessenjoy/movement silentscience excellentsatellite特：/Englishpretty（重读音节）3、元音字母i 的读音规律总结：例 3.A.simplify B.sickC.identity D.issue答案选c。读音规律总结如下：重 读 音 节/excitedarriveknife besidessurprise decide fly/bridge chimneymirror difficult limithistory whistlemilk/high bright flightblind kind mind（在 gh和 nd前）特殊：/police machinemagazine 轻 读 音 节/holidayterriblehorrible possible/plastic relativeactive4、元音字母。的读音规律总结：例 4.A.foreignB.oppressC.object D.opposite答案选B。读音规律总结如下：重 读 音 节/wholeprogram lonely progressclose suppose broke chose/lock cotton hobbyobject popular officetopicprovince spot/come donecover worry frontwonder another（m,n,v h等前）特：/lose improvemove shoe 轻 读 音 节/todaycommontomato condition特殊：/post poster/woman wolf/sport story orange（与r 组成重读音节）5、元音字母u读音规律总结：彳 列 5.A.sugar B.put C.full D.supply答案选D。读音规律总结如下：重 读 音 节/hugestudentcommunicatecomputer produce/rule Julyconclusion truth bluerule（j,l,r 之后）/hunt brushinstruction hundred hungersummit sudden musle/full bulletpushsugar pull（bp,s 之后）轻 读 音 节I I autumnsurround suppose August特殊：business during curiouspersuade burybuild dialogue guess guidetongue（不发音）,二）元音字母组合元音字母组合al,ea,ear,ia,ei,oo等的读音规律。例 1.A.salt B.almost C.altogether D.Half答案选D。读音规律总结如下:D/almost alreadyaltogether althoughalways also salt2)/walk talk fall ball3)/allow aloud along4)/metal capital modalnatural特殊:/valley shall shallow/calm down half/wallet wall tall ball彳 列2.A.d%fB.h%lth C.increase D.PleasureHealPleasePleasant答案选C。读音规律：/increase breathereadmean deal steam steal 偷 盗stream leader meanbean beach beam teambeat defeat/head already threadread（过 去 式）meantdealt/weather healthwealth breath（th 前）measure treasure（sure 前）/heaven heavybread deaf breakfastsweat特殊：/theatre idea area heardhearing realize European/break great steak/reality例 3.A.research B.fear C.clear D.Appear答案选A。读音规律总结如下：/dear fear hear yearclear disappear beard/pear wear bear/learn search earlyheard 特 殊：/heart例 4.A.wood B.food C.footD.noodle答案选c。读音规律总结如下：/soon room noon foodnoodle school（一般情况下）/took cook bookgood foot（k,d 脚 foot短，食物、面条长）特殊：/blood flood/poor/floor二、辅音字母及其组合发音规则（一）辅音字母1、A.news B.research C.Thursday D.Arise答案选B。注意：n复数s和动词三单s的读法：清清，浊浊，元浊。如：books,dogs,girls;looks,fills,borrows.zoos2、A.watched B.whispered C.filled D.Recognized答案选A。注意：e d在结尾的读音，清清，浊浊，元浊；t,d音后读 id。Wanted如：helped,begged,borrowed；decided.3、A.answer B.sweet C.twenty D.WorthySword sweater swearWolf答案选A。注意：辅音的脱落即不发音。通常是指两个以上辅音连缀在一起时，为了减少发音上的困难将其中一个脱落。常考的如：b debt comb tombclimb dumb doubtbombingsd grandma handsomehandkerchiefWednesdayg campaign designeight foreignweigh high heightweight signgh1light bought thoughthought caughtneighbour throughbright tightchemical exhibitionhour an honourwhether whitewhen whyknowledge knowknife kneelwould could shouldfolklore songhalf chalk calmautumn columnwlisten whistlewrestle castle(subtle little)watchChristmasanswer wrong writesword wrapwretched(二”字母组合1、ch/china Chinesekitchen change checkcharge chief chocolateachieve/choir chemistChristmas characterstomach school/chef Chicago（法语词）2、gh/-/borough daughtertaught high/ghost/cough rough laughtertough3、ph/photo physical phoneparagraph4、th/there with the thisthose theythough althoughthen（虚词）/three youthbaththink depth death（实词）5、tion/situation compositionattention pronunciation/question suggestion（s 后窗）6、ex/exact exam exhaustexhibit exist（x 在 两元音之间，重音在后一个元音上）/expert explanationextra exercise excellenceexhibition（清辅音前）/except exceed excelexchange excite（清 辅音前）explain三、同根词的音变mean-meant;hear-heard;breathe-breath;say-says-said;office-official;child-children;politics-political;nation-national;nature-natural;show-shower;secret-secretary;social-society;worth-worthy;know-knowledge;explain-explanation;rise-risenWorryPureSure第二讲情景对话第二章第一节总括一、大纲1.共 10题、15分；两部分:(1)短对话5 个，一问一答，四选一，每个一分；(2)长对话，连贯性，七选5,每题2 分。3.考察对英语对话的理解和交际能力，以日常交际为王。四、考察重点：日常生活场景，如：社会交往、打电话、购物、吃饭、看病、情感、聚会等。五、复习方法：对话复习贵在日积月累，可以应用大学听力教材的对话部分。第二节复习要点：熟悉日常生活场景，掌握基本句型。PleaseAfter you.第三节复习精讲一、社会交往1、问候(l)How are you(doing)?-Fine,thanks.(2)Hows everything?-Notbad./Very well,thank you.(3)How are the things?(4)(5)Fancy meeting you here!一 Me,too.(6)Glad/nice/pleased tomeet/see you!-nice to seeyou too.2、介绍(l)Allow me to introduce.-If s so nice to meet you.(2)This is.-Glad toknow you.(3)1 would like to introducemyself.Im.Sorry,Ididnt catch your name,could you say it again?3、告别(l)Fm afraid that I must beleaving/going.-So long.(2)1 am sorry but I have togo.See you later.一 seeyou.(3)Have a pleasant weekend.一 thank you.(4)Pm looking forward toseeing you again.-seeyou.4、感谢Im much obliged/deeplyindebted to you.-Dontmention it.(2)Thanks for all your help.-Thafs OK.(3)Thanks for the troubleyou have taken for me.一thats all right.(4)Thanks ever so much./Many thanks.-not at all.(5)Thank you for all youvedone for me.-yourewelcome.5、祝愿(l)good luck to you.-thankyou.Wish you everysuccess.一thanks.May all your wishes cometrue.一many thanks.(2)happy new year.一thesame to you.Hope the holidays find youhappy and healthy.一 thesame to you.Happy birthday toyou.一thank you.相关词汇短语：pleasantjourney,nice weekend,wish.may.bestwishes.,fortune,joy,happy,merry6、祝贺(1)congratulations!I knewyoud pass it with flyingcolors,-thank you.(2)Please send him mycongratulations./conveymy congratulations to him.ok.相关词汇短语：success,birthday,rise in rank,promotion,be appointed to ahigh post,make a fortune,make progress in onesstudies,marvelous news)7、道歉Im really/sosorry.一thats all right.(2)1 apologize for./Imsorry for.-it doesntmatter.(3)1 feel really bad/sorryabout.I beg your forgiveness.To err is human,to forgivedivine.Please accept my heartfeltapology/thanks.一thatsnothing.(4)its all my fault.(5)1 didnt mean it.相关词汇短语：being late,impoliteness,rudeness,diala wrong number,hurt onesfeelings,scatter garbage,spit on the floor,smoke inpublic places,cause amisunderstanding8、邀请、预约(l)would you like to.I was wondering if youdlike to go to the.m be happy if you cancome to the.What about going to.?We should be delighted ifyou could.Why not/why dont youcome on a holiday with us?What about Sundaymorning?一no,I wont befree then.But Ill be free.May I expect you atfive?一all right.See youthen.Shall we meet at5:00?yes,Ill be freethen.(2)Yes,Id love to.Yes,its very kind/nice ofyou.rd love to,but.Ok.相关词汇短语：a party,aconcert,a movie,cinema,have dinner,a night club二、购物(l)May/Can I help you?What can I do for you?一 Iwant some tomatoes.(2)Are you looking forsomething particular?一yes,r like(to buy)two poundsof apples.(3)How much is it?-2000 yuan.一Thats toomuch/expensive,Tm afraid./Its a little overpriced./Ill buy this if it werecheaper.一thats fine.Til take it.(4)how many/much do youwant?一 one kilo.(5)what color/size/kind doyou want?-blue,medium,etc.M Small L XL extraKing-sizeQueen-size(6)where is the mens shop?-its on the second floor.(7)do you have any otherkind/size/colour,etc.?yes,how about the blue one?相关词汇短语：fruit:a pound of apples,twokilos of oranges,etc;clothes:j acket,sweater,shirt,trousers,overcoat,underwear,shorts,jeans,tie,boots,slipper,socks,gloves;size:medium(-sized),large,small,extra-large,long,tight;daily necessities:soap,comb,mirror,tooth-brush;ring,necklace,etc.half price,expensive,on sale,promotion;creditcard三、电话(1)开始对话May I speak to.?Hello.This is Wang Hai.Could I speak to Mr Lin?rd like to speak to Wang,please.Is Roger there?yes,speaking.本人接电话Speaking.Yes,speaking.Hello.Lin Nan is speaking.他人接电话Hold on(a moment/second),please.Hold the line,please.Hang on.Hes not here right now.Hes in a meeting now.would you like to leave amessage?Hes not available now.canI take a message(for you)?when he comes back,canyou have him call meback?/can I leave amessage?打错电话Im afraid youve got thewrong number.Im sorry,you must havedialed the wrong number.-Sorry to have disturbedyou.四、看病(1)问病Whats the matter?-I feelfeverishWhats the trouble withyou?-Tve got a headacheand feel dizzy.Whats wrong?/whatseems to be the trouble?-Ithink I have a fever.How long have you beenlike this?一about oneweek.How long have you hadthis sickness?-three days.(2)病人陈述Ive been sick for a day.It hurts me when I breathe.Ive got a cough.I feel terrible.I dont feel well.Ive got a pain here.This place hurts.I dont feel like eating.(3)医生处方Im going to write aprescription.Take the medicine,andyoull be better.Take these pills/thismedicine every fourhours./three times a day.Its nothing serious.Youll be all right/wellsoon.Give up smoking and keepon taking more exercises.Do I need to come foranother visit?No.you should get betterin a couple of days.But,ifyou have any questions,call me.相关词汇短语:take onestemperature,take onesblood pressure,have ablood test,have aninjection,to takemedicine五、帮助提供帮助What can I do for you?/can I help you?Is there anything I can do(for you)?Let me help you with.Let me give you a hand.Dont worry.Ill do it foryou.rd like to help if I can.Would you like some.?回答Thanks.That would benice/fine.Thank you for your help.Yes,please.No,thanks./thats verykind of you,but.请求帮助Would you please give mesome help with myluggage?I was wondering if youcould lend me your bike.Could you do me a favor?rd be grateful if youwould lend me yourdictionary.相关词汇短语:help,favor,luggage.六、就餐外出Could you show us themenu?What do you recommend?I prefer noodles to rice.Are you ready to order?/may I take your ordernow?What would you like todrink,tea or coffee?Do you like your coffeeblack or white?What would you like tohave?家Would you like somethingto eat?一rd like.Help yourself tosome.thank you.Ivehad enough./just a little,please.相关词汇短语：restaurant,coffee,tea,tip七、天气(l)whats the weather like/hows the weathertoday?一its fine/cloudy/windy/rainy,foggy,etc.(2)what does the weatherforecast say?-it says astorm may come soon.(3)Whats the temperaturetoday?its 8 degreesabove Centigrade.(4)It seems to be clearingup.(5)How long will this hotweather last?一Ive noidea.(6)Its rather warm/cold/hot/etc.today,isnt it?八、问路(l)Excuse me,can you tellme the way to.?How can I get to.?/find.?Which direction is it to.?Wheres the mens/ladiesroom?(2)Go down this street.Turn right/left at the firstcrossing.Its about.meters fromhere.相关词汇短语：hospital,school,university,postoffice.九、请求允许(l)May/Can/CouldI.?一yes/certainly./Yes,doplease,/of course./thatsOK/all right.一Im sorry,but./Youdbetter not.(2)Do/would you mind mydoing.?(3)1 wonder whether I couldtake it away?(4)rd like to make a phonecall here,id you permit me.(5)May I trouble you to.?(6)Do you mind if I.?十、看法(同意与否)(l)Sure/Certainly/Ofcourse/Absolutely.You got it.你说对了。By all means.Thats true/right.Yes,I think so.All right./OK.Thats a good idea.Thats for sure.I agree(with you).(2)No,I dont think so.Pm afraid not.I really cant agree withyou.Thats not right.Youve got it all wrong.Thats out of the question.不可能。相关词汇短语：agreement,disagreement,back up,support十一、确定与否(l)Fm sure.Fm sure(that)./Tmsure/positive about.I have no doubt that.Theres no question/doubtabout.(2)1 have no idea about.1rs not likely that.Its hard to say.There is surely some doubtabout.十二、建议、意见(l)youM better./Youshould./You need(to).if I were you,Id leave./Iwould try again.I advise you to stopsmoking.(2)shall we.?/Lets./what about.?Why dont you join us?相关词汇短语：as I see it,as far as I am concerned,persuade,advice,suggestion十三、情感(1)喜悦、兴奋Im glad/pleased/happyto.Thats nice.Thats wonderful/great/incredible/terrific/cool.(2)厌恶、憎恨、恼怒I cant put up with yourrudeness any more.Im very annoyed at.I simply cant bear to seeher behaviour.Pm fed up with./Ivehad enough of yourcomplaints.It makes me sick the wayshe laughs/speaks.失望、抱怨rd expect it to be moreexciting.It wasnt as good as Iexpected.I never felt so let downbefore.I dont think much of thepainting.I want to make a complaintabout.Couldnt you turn downthe radio a bit?I wish you would comehere earlier next time.(4)同情、鼓励Im sorry to hear about it.Dont take it too much toheart.Its no use crying over spiltmilk.Im deeply sorry tolearn/hear about.What bad luck!Come on,be a man!I believe you can improveit.You have mywhole-hearted support.Keep it up!坚持下去！m always be there for you!我永远支持你！