人教版新目标初中英语复习全部时态.pdf

人教版新目标初中英语复习全部时态 初中英语全部时态一 般 现 在 时A：一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。结构：1）b e动词的第一人称单数为，第三人称单数为，其他人称为。有一顺口溜体现了它的用法：我用am,m are,i s用于他,她，它，单数i s,复数are.肯定式:主语+am/is/are+其他否定式:主语+am/is/are+not+其他疑问式:A m/Is/A re+主语+其他？简略回答:（肯）Yes,主 语+am/is/are（否）N o,主语+am/is/are not缩写形式:Im=I am Thats 二 二That is Were二 二We are W hats二 二 W hat isYoure=You are Whos=Who is Theyre二 二They are Wheres=W here isHes=H e is Shes 二 二She isIts=It isisnt 二 二is notarent=二are not2）行为动词（实义动词）除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加-s或-es o“动词第三人称单数”的 加 法 即“如何从动词原形变为第三人称单数”1、一般情况加s.2、以o,s,x,ch,s h结尾加es.3、以“辅音字母+y”结 尾 改y为i+es写出下列动词的第三人称单数：studyplaygocomehelpteachlielistenbeginopensitthrowwashguesscutrunrelaxbeateat肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数否定式:主语+助动词dont/doesnt+动词原形+其他疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:（肯）Yes,主语+do/does（否）No,主语+do/does not缩写形式：dont 二 二 do not doesnt=does not注意：have的第三人称单数为has用法：1.表示事实，现状，性质或经常的，习惯的动作，常与often,usually,always,sometimes,today,every day10nce a week,every fiveminutes,on Sundays等时间状语连用，eg.He has a brother.2.表示普遍真理.eg.The earth goes round the sun.3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作.eg.Here comes the train.4.在时间利条件状语从句中代表一般将来时.eg.Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow.一般过去时一般过去时秦表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。结构：1.动词的第一、三有称单数用，其他人称用，其肯定式,否定式，疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种，规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或，不规则动词参照不规则动词表，需要专门记忆。肯定式:主语+动词的过去式+其他 eg.I got up at six thismorning.否定式:主语+did not+动 词 原 形+其他 eg.Johndidnt live here last year.疑问式:Did+主 语+动 词 原 形+其 他 eg.Did you seehim a moment ago?简略回答.（肯）Y es,主 语+did（否）No,主 语+didnt.用 法：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态.eg.My father was at work yesterday.2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often,alw ays等表示频度的时间状语连用.eg.He always went to work by bus last summer.3.和w hen等连词引导的状语从句连用.eg.When she reached home,she had a short rest.4.常与表示过去的时间状语，如 ago,yesterday,last week,inthe old days,when I was five years old,in 1995 等连用.eg.Theybegan the work two months ago.Were you born in 1981?Yes,Iwas.不规则中寻“规则”英语中很多动词的过去式是不规则的，有些同学死记硬背，却效果不佳。我们不妨共同寻找一些不规则动词中的“规则”，这样记忆起来就会事半功倍了。I.过去式与动词原形同形。例如：letlet,put put,hithit,readreadred等。I L动词原形以o w/a w结尾，过去式常变为ew。例如：know knew,grow grew,throw threw,draw drew 等）但是也有一些例外，例如：show showed。i n.许多动词只要将动词原形中的元音字母i改为a,就可变为过去式。例如：beginbegan,give gave,sing sang,swimswam,sitsat,drink drank,ring rang 等但是win w on例外。IV .有些动词的过去式以o（a）u g h t结尾。例如：bringbrought,buy bought,think thought,catchcaught,teachtaught 等。注意 上述动词过去式究竟是以ought:t还是aught:t结尾,只要记住“有a则a,无a贝U。”即可。即:原形中有a的,过去式变为a u g h t,否则为oughtoV .以eep结尾的动词，常将e e p改为e p t构成过去式。例如：keepkept,sleep slept,sweep swept 等。一般将 来 时一般将来时秦表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态结构：助动词 shall/will be（is,am,are）going to）+动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用s h a ll,当主语为第三人称时，用will,但主语为第一人称时，也用win）肯定式:主语+shall/win+动词原形+其他否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:ShaH/Win+主语+动词原形+其他简略|口|答:（肯）Yes,主语+shaH/wiH.（否）No,主语+shall/will+not 缩写形式：ll=shall/will shant二 二 shall notwont=will not用法：1.表示将要发生的动作或情况，常用时间状语有：later(on),soon,in a month,next time,from now on,tomorrow 等.eg.I shall be eighteen years old next year.Maybe Chinas p o p u la tio n(p a s s)1,300,000,000 bythe year 2005.2.表示某种必然的趋势eg.Fish will die without water.解析：1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中，常 用 shall表示提议和询问情况，在以第二人称作主语的问句中，用 w ill表示请求.eg.Where shall we have the meeting?Will you please lend me your pen?2.当主语是第一人称时，用 w ill表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等.eg.I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for yourbirthday.3.在时间或条件状语从句中，一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时.eg.Tom will write to me when he gets there.4.be going to+动词原形也可表示将来时.（1）.表示主观意愿.打算等.eg.Hes going to learn English next term.根据已有迹象，可能要发生的情况eg.Look at the black clouds!-It is going to rain.现 在 进 行 时现在进行时秦表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。（表示“正 在（在）干”）结构：is/am/are+动词的-ing形 式（动词的现在分词）用法：1.表示目前发生（进行）的动作（不指状态），常用时间状语有:now,at the moment等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中，与look,listen连用.eg.Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment?Listen!She is singing in the next room.2.表示目前阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作.eg.They are planting trees these days.3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come,go,leave,arrive,start,see等，并常与表不将来时间的状语连用.eg.They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.注意：某些表示感觉或状态的动词，如love,like,prefer,hate,see,know等一般不用现在进行时.eg.Lucy prefers art to science.练习题：（选择填空）般现在时.()l.M y English teacherabout thirtyyears old,but heA.is,looklook()2.Jimtill a little weak in Chinese.A.studies,isdoesnt study,isyounger than he really is.B.is,looks C.am,very hard,but heB.study,is C.()3.We all know that the sunroundthe earth.A.goes B.dont go C.doesnt go()4.Thereand January first.A.is,comestwelve months in a yearB.are,come C.are,comes()5.Whothe kite best of all,Jim.Lucy or Lily?A.fliesflying()6.places of great interests in China?A.Was B.Do()7.to school with classmates?A.Do,comesDo,come()8.home at sixA.Do,comesDo,come()9.My motherTYso sheC.doesn t goes()1 0.Mr Green usuallynewspapers after supper every day.A.read二.一般过去式.o clock everyB.flyC.arethe Great Wall one of theC.Isyou usuallyB.does,come C.shemornig?B.Does.Come C.like watcingto bed very early every evening.A.doesn,t,go B.don t goB.readingC.reads)l.The twoin the same class lastyear.A.areB.wasC.were)2.Whereyou?-I went to buy some food for supper.)3.The students in Li Lei s classfarm last week.A.workB.works)4.that workershoe factory a year ago?A.Do,workB.Did,workedon aC.workedin aC.Did,work)5.Did you find your pen?-Y es,Iit two hours ago.A.foundB.find)6.your motherto work last Saturday?A.Did,goB.Do,goC.findedC.Does,go)7.Theynot late the day before)13.Whyyesterday.A.didB.wereC.are()8.October?they away from school lastA.DidB.WereC.Do()9.school last Sunday?youtoA.Did,comeWere,comeB.Do,comeC.()10.Whatfor breakfast last week?theyA.were,havehaveB.did,haveC.will,()11.My friendago.his homework fifteen minutesA.finishfinishedB.finishesc.()12.The boysonly subjects last term,but thisterm theyfive.A.have,havehaveB.had,hadC.had,AnnTV last night?A.didnt,watch B.dont watch C.doesnt watch()14.They stopped here because theythe way to the station.A.didnt know B.dont know C.will know()1 5 Where you find your ticket?-I it on the ground.A.did,found B.do,found C.were,find三.现在进行时.()l.C an t you see Uncle Wang and his friendssome machines?A.is makig B.are makingC.make()2.My father TV with my mothernow.A.watch B.watching C.is watching()3 I s six o clock in the evening,My familysupper at the table.A.eatsB.is eating C.are eating()4.Lucy and Lily to speakChinese with Miss Gao.C.Are,tryingA.Is,tryB.Is trying()5.The dogitself outside the door.A.is washingB.washC.washes()6.The students in Class Onecarefully to their English teacher.A.is listeningB.is lookingC.are listening()7.Listen!The children in the openair.C.are singingA.singingB.is singing()8.W hat?s the matter,Li Lei?I formy pen.C.lookA.am lookB.am looking()9.Let s go into the classroom.ThebellA.ringingB.is ringingC.is ring)1 0.The man is badly hurt and he on theroad sadly.A.is lyingB.are lyingC.lieing四.一般将来时.)l.The studentsback in two hours.A.comeB.is comingC.came)2.Whatyouwith yourclassmates this Sunday afternoon?A.are,doB.do,doC.will do)3.Therean English party in ourclass this evening.A.will haveB.are going tohave.C.is going to be)4.Wei Huavisit the Great Wallduring this summer holiday?A.Do,going toB.Is,going toC.Will,going to()5.When theyleave for Beijing?A.will,going.B.will,/C.do,going to()6.Where are you going?I the shops for some fruit.A.am going to B.go to C.shall going to go to()7.Which oranges theyto buy?A.are,going B.will,goingC.do,going()8.My mother says that she buy me aschoolbag better than this one.A.is B.shall C.will()9.Mr Green is afraid that Jim behind the otherstudents after he comes back.A.will fall B.will fellC.is going to fell()10.The students in my class harder thanbefore this term.A.is going to study B.will going to studyC.will study现在完成时现在完成时的结构：主 语+“h av e(h as)+过去分词”(1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的，刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,ju s t连用)，或者过去某一时刻发生的，持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如：1)1 have just finished my homework.2)Mary has been ill for three days.注意：与fo r,sin ce连用的动词必须用延续性动词，而不能用短暂性动词如：come be here go be there join-be a member borrow-keep leave-be away 等等(2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since,for,during,over等引导出的短语；副词already,yet,just,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently 等；1犬语词组 this week(morning,month,year),sofar,up to now,many times,up to the present 等。例如:)I haven t been there for five years.2)So far,she hasn t enjoyed the summer vacation.3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978.一般过去时利现在完成时的比较与转换一般过去时：与之搭配的时间副词常用的有:Yesterday,last week,last year,at 5:30,last weekend,last m o n th.有时用 on weekend,thismorning现在完成时：常用的时间副词有:ever,never,yet,still,already,in the past ten years;in my life;todayExamples:Linda still hasnt finished her homework.Stanley has already gotten bored with the life here in Toronto.Have you ever gone to Paris?I have gone to the post office twice today.2、过去完成时(1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。表示“过去的过去”例如：1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5,000 bicycles.(3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：1)by(the end of)+过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：The experiment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterdayafternoon.八种时态的比较一般现在时和现在进行时a.一般现在时：重复发生的习惯性动作和真理。标志性的时间副词：always often frequently usually sometimesevery day every week every month occasionally once amonth once a month once a year seldom rarely neverExamples：She goes shopping every week.He reads Business News every morning.He seldom goes dancing.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.Susan loves chocolate.b.表示一种状态或性质Examples:This tastes very good.I dont believe myeyes.I need a car.I hate this music,c.在讲述一个过去发生的故事时，有时可用一般现在时表示过去发生的一系列事情。-This use is called the uhistorical p r e s e n t.如在看图说话一类题时经常用到这一点。bExamples:h一个美国人描述他到中国旅游的经历My friend and I arrive at the capital air port in Beijing on themorning of May 25 th,1993.Robert comes to meet with us in ataxi,and we drive to what is to be our apartm ent for nearly three.week.The drive is culture shock number one.We see peopleeverywhere.Also,Beijing seems to be more modern than its hasbeen written in all the books on China I have read.My friend andI are extremely astonished by the number of bicycles on the road,truly the kingdom of bicycles.现在进行时：a.正在进行的动作常用的时间状语：(right)now at the(this)moment atpresent|LmExamples:Robert is teaching at this moment 0Mendel is working on the first draft of his essay oIm looking for my umbrella right now.Hes enjoying a holiday right now.b.表达在现在一段时间内重复发生的动作，但是动作在说话时不一定正在进行。常用的时间副词：these days Nowadays today thissemester/quarter this week/month/yearExamples:Hes relaxing this week.Hes working as a librarian this semester.C.对一类经常发生的事情所表达的强烈情感常用的时间副词：Always Forever constantlyExamples:He s always complaining.（他怎么总是抱怨。）You?re always dancing.（你怎么总是跳舞，是不是太多了吧。）一般现在时和现在完成时一般现在时：表达的动作不表明动作从何时开始或已进行了多长时间。Examples:Helen and Tom are happily married.Bruce listens to the news every morning.现在完成时：a.现在完成时所表达的动作正在进行，但句子总是表明动作是什么时候开始的。Examples:Helen and Tom have been happily married since their weddingday 60 years ago.Bruce has listened to the news all his life without missing a day.b.与现在完成时常用的两个词：For and SinceFor:表不动作持续的一 段时间。如:for two minutes/weeks/years;for several days/a long time/the past month 而在一 般现在时不能与之连用。Since:表不动作从何时开始时间点.如:since 6:00/Apr.23/lastweek/the accident 现在进行时和现在完成时现在进行时：表示一个正在进行的动作,但不表明动作从什么时候开始的。Examples:He is waiting over there.Matthew is studying Chinese in Beijing.现在完成时：可表明发生动作的具体数字和次数。Examples:He has tried to pass the exam twice.一般过去时和过去进行时a.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作。Examples:My brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterday afternoon.My neighbors dog was barking at 3:00 this morning.b.二者的区别在于一般过去进行时表示在过去同一时间两个同时进行的动作。与之常用的时间副词：while,asExamples;Robert was moving the lawn while Susan was fixing the car.As Michael was visiting Paris,Robert was teaching Englishclasses in Beijing.一般过去时和过去将来时二者的区别在于过去将来时表示在过去打算做，但是没有做的动作.而一般过去时表示为什么没有做的原因。Examples:I was going to become a rock star but I didnt know the rightpeople in the music business.一般过去时和过去完成时二者的区别在于过去完成时表示在过去的过去所发生的动作。Examples:Mary was hungry because she hadnt eaten breakfast.Charlie lost his way to the hotel although he had been there a fewdays earlier.I realized that I hadnt eaten a single French Fry since Istarted my diet.一般现在时和一般将来时一般现在时在时间和条件从句当中表示将来时的动作。Examples:As soon as I save enough money Ill buy a big house.When he gets back home he will phone a friend in New York.If it rains tomorrow we will cancel the camping trip.过去进行时be(was,were)+现 在 分 词 动词的时态和语态试题与解析()l.H e stepped into the office,down and beganto fill in the forms.A.sitting B.to sit C.sat D.having it()2.She said she would telephone but w e from her sofar.A.havent heard B.didnt hear C.hadnt heardD.wont hear()3.When I got to the cinema,the film for tenminutes.A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was()4.1 1 1 go with you as soon as I my homework.A.will finish B.finish C.am finishing D.finished()5.If i t tomorrow,I won t go to thecinema.A.will rain B.rains C.is raining D.rained()6.She is going to be a nurse when she up.A.is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew)7.下列四句是“这本书我已经买了三个月了。”的英译文，哪一种不对？A.I have had this book for three months.B.I have bought this book for three months.C.I bought this book three months ago.D.It is three months since I bought this book.()8.-Come in,Peter,I want to show you something.-Oh,how nice of you!1 you to bring me agift.A.never think;are going B.never thought;were goingC.didnt think;were going D.hadt thought;were going()9.When I was at college I three foreign languages,but I all except for a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgottenC.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;haveforgotten()1 0.The police found that the house and a lot oft h i n g s.A.has broken into;has been stolen B.had broken into;had been stolenC.has been broken into;stolen D.had been brokeninto;stolen()1 1.The volleyball macth will be put off if it.A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is raining()1 2.Mary a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes()1 3.The students busily when Miss Brown went toget a book she in the office.A.had writen;left B.were writing;has leftC.had written;had left D.were writing;had 加ft()1 4.-Have you moved into the new house?-No yet,the r o o ms,A.are being painted B.are paintingC.are painted D.are being painting()1 5.-We haven t heard from Jane for a long time.-W hat do you suppose to her?A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.having happened()1 6.-Do you know our town at all?-No,this is the first time I here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming()1 7.-We could have walked ot the station.lt was sonear.-Yes,A t axi at all necessary;A.wasiVt B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wont be()18.If city noises from increasing,people_shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept;will have to B.are not kept;have toC.do not keep;will have to D.do not keep;have to()19.Tom into the house when no one.A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;lookedC.slipped;had looked D.was slippping;looked()20.The last time I Jane she cotton in the fields.A.had seen;was picking B.saw;pickingC.had seen;picked D.saw;was picking()21.We were all surprised when he made it clear thathe office soon.A.leaves B.woulds leave C.left D.had left()22.111 some parts of the world,tea with milkand sugar.A.is serving B.is served C.se