初中英语中考考点词汇精讲(共18个).doc
中考英语考点词汇精讲1.everyday; every day(1)everyday作形容词,意为“每天的,日常的,平日的”。仅用在名词之前做定语,不能单独使用。例如:everyday life 日常生活 everyday English 日常英语everyday activities 日常活动 everyday clothes 平日里穿的服装(2)every day 是副词短语,意为“每天”,相当于each day, 通常用作句子的时间状语从句。例如:We should eat vegetables and fruits every day.我们应该每天都吃蔬菜和水果。My parents ask me to go to bed before 11:00 every day.我的父母要求我每天11:00之前睡觉。2.fair(1)fair作形容词,意为“公平的,合理的”。There must be fair play whatever the competition is.不管是什么样的竞赛都必须公平合理。(2)fair作形容词,意为“自然的,理所当然的”。Its fair enough to ask your close friends to help.向你的好朋友求助,这是很自然的/理所当然的。(3)fair作形容词,还意为“相当大(多、远)的”。Theyve made a fair amount of money.他们赚了相当大的一笔钱。(4)fair作形容词,也意为“(肤色)浅的,(头发)金色的”。Her daughter has big eyes and fair hair.她的女儿长着大大的眼睛,金色的头发。【拓展】fair作名词,意为“(定期)集市、庙会;商品展览会、博览会”。He brought his piglets to the fair.他把小猪带到集市去卖。A book fair is to be held next month.下个月将举行书展。3.avoid(1)从意思上看,可表示“避开”或“躲避”(keep oneself from)某人或某物;也可表示“防止”(prevent)某事的发生。例如 :Try to avoid accidents.尽量防止发生事故。I avoided him as much as possible.我尽量避开他。You should avoid such mistakes.你应当避免这样的错误。 (2)从用法上看,其后可接名词或代词作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,但是不能接不定式作宾语。例如:他避而不答我的问题。正:He avoided answering my questions.误:He avoided to answer my questions.要想不受影响是不可能的。正:It was impossible to avoid being affected.误:It was impossible to avoid to be affected4.be famous for(1)be famous for表示人以某种知识技能,作品或特征而出名;表示某地以某种特产或特征出名;或表示某事以其内容、特征、价值等而被人所知。例如:He is famous for his skill in playing football.他因球艺而出名。The area is famous for its green tea.这个地区以产绿茶而著称。【拓展】be famous as 表示“以而出名”的意思,或确切地说是“作为而出名”的意思,主要是表示人以某种身份或职业而出名,或表示某地方作为什么产地或地方而出名,或表示某事物以某种形式而出名。例如:Mark Twin was famous as a children-story writer.马克·吐温作为儿童故事作家而著称。This book is famous as a reference book. 这本书作为参考书而出名。5.produce; product; production(1)produce 作动词,表示“生产,制造,出产”的意思;例如:Tea is produced in many different areas in China.中国很多地方都出产茶叶。produce作名词,主要指农产品,是一个不可数的集合名词。例如:the agricultural produce农产品the native produce土特产品We need some fresh produce.我们需要一些新鲜的农产品。(2)product 主要指工业产品,也可指农产品,是可数名词。例如:farm product农产品Petrol is the most important product of many Middle-East countries.石油是许多中东国家最重要的产品。【注意】有时用于引申义。例如:He saw man as the product of society.他把人看作是社会的产物。(3)production 通常不表示具体的产品,它主要指生产这一动作或过程,制作,摄制(电影、戏剧等),是不可数名词;例如:The company is famous for the production of small cars.这家公司以生产小型汽车闻名。【注意】production 除表示“生产”外,还可指艺术作品,此时为可数名词。例如:The theme of his late productions was life and death.他晚期作品的主题是生与死。production 还可以表示产量,是不可数名词。the production of wheat小麦生产产量The production has increased.产量已增加。6.be good forbe good for意为“对有好处,对有益处”,介词for后接名词或代词。其反义词为be bad for,意为“对有害处”。例如:Junk food is not good for our health.垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。Smoking is bad for you.吸烟对你有害。【拓展】(1)be good to“对好”,其反义短语为be bad to“对不好”。介词to之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。例如:She is very good to us.她对我们很好。The boss is bad to his workers.那个老板对他的工人不好。(2)be good at“在方面擅长”,介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,同义短语为do well in。例如:She is good at English and Chinese.= She does well in English and Chinese.她擅长英语和汉语。(3)be good with“和相处得好;擅于和相处”。例如:Are you good with children? 你和孩子们相处得好吗?7.turn into .(1)turn into表示“把变成 ; 使变成”。例如:Can you turn this piece of paper into a flower?你能够把这张纸变成一朵花吗?Please tell me how to turn the water into ice.请告诉我怎么把水变成冰。【拓展】turn into表示“转变;变成;成为”。例如:We think hell turn into a top-class player.我们认为他会成为一流的选手。I think I have got to stop or I might turn into a machine.我想我得停下来了,否则我就会变成一台机器。8.special(1)special作形容词,意为“特殊的,特别的,专门的(反义词:ordinary)”,强调事物特有的性质、性格或专门的目的、用途。You must have special permission to enter this room你必须得到特许才能进这个房间。(2)especial 作形容词,意为“特别的,主要的,突出的(反义词:common)”,强调的是重要性,有“尤其、特别”之意。He solved the problem of especial importance他解决了非常重要的问题。9.both and (1)both.and.意为“和都”; “不仅而且”,连接两个并列的词或短语,不能用来连接句子。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,不受“就近原则”的限制。例如:Both Li Ming and Wei Hua are good at English.【拓展】both.and.相对应的连词结构式neithernor表示“既不也不”。作主语时,谓语动词受“就近原则”的限制。例如:Neither you nor I am a student.你和我都不是学生。10.invent(1)invent 作动词,意为“发明;创造”。例如:Edison invented the light bulb.爱迪生发明了电灯。(2)invent还可以表示“虚构”。例如:The whole story was invented.整个故事是虚构的。(3)invent的名词形式有两个,一个是inventor(发明者;发明家),另一个是invention(发明物)。例如:Edison is a great inventor in history.爱迪生是历史上伟大的发明家。Human history is also a history of great inventions.人类的历史也是一个伟大发明的历史。【拓展】invent和discover辨析(1)invent 意为“发明,发明之物”指“从无到有”。例如:Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明了电话。(2)discover 意为“发现”,指“本来就已经存在,但不为人知”的事物。例如:Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。11.for examplefor example意为“例如”,强调“举例”说明,而且一般只举同类人或物中的一个作为插入语,且用逗号隔开。for example可置于句首、句中或句末。例如:There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.有许多种污染方式,例如噪音就是一种污染。Many students like playing computer games,for example,Mike.许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏,比如迈克。【拓展】such as意为“例如”,用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子,可置于被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,但such as后边不能用逗号。例如:Many of the English programs are welcome, such as Follow Me, Follow Me to Science.其中有许多英语节目很受欢迎,例如跟我学跟我学科学。English is spoken in many countries, such asAustralia,Canadaand so on.许多国家说英语,如澳大利亚和加拿大等。12.popular(1)popular作形容词,意为“流行的,受人欢迎的”。常用短语为be popular with,意为“受的欢迎。例如:The most popular sport is football. 最流行的运动是足球。He is popular with our classmates. 他在我们班里有人缘。(2)popular作形容词,意为“民众的;大众的”。例如:Popular education is one of our major objectives.民众教育是我们的主要目标之一。He speaks in popular language. 他用通俗的语言讲话。【拓展】popularity作名词,意为“普及,流行;大众化”。例如:Golf has gained popularity among the wealthy in my country.高尔夫球已在我国富有的人中流行起来。The popularity of private cars is changing the peoples life style.私家车的普及正在改变着人们的生活方式。13.remain(1)remain用作不及物动词,意为“剩下、留下、呆在”,相当于stay。例如:When the others had gone, Joan remained (=stayed)to clean the room.别人走了,琼留下来清扫房间。Only a few leaves remained (=were still)on the tree.树上只剩下几片叶子了。The Smiths remained there all through the year.史密斯一家人在那里呆了整整一年。The soldiers were ordered to remain where they were.士兵们接到命令呆在原地。(2)remain作连系动词,意为“一直保持,仍然处于某种状态中”。例如:Peter became a manager but John remained a worker.彼得当上了经理,但约翰仍然是一个工人。Whatever great progress you have made, you should remain modest.无论你取得了多么大的进步,你都应一直保持谦虚。The shop remains open until 11 at night.这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。Whether it will be good to us remains to be seen.这是否对我们有好处,还有待观察。14.smellsmell作名词,表示“气味”。smell作连系动词,意为“闻、嗅”,后面常用形容词作表语。例如:Whats the pleasant smell? 香味是什么?The dumplings smell nice. 这些水饺闻起来很好。【拓展】(1)look,sound,smell,taste,feel这五个动词都与人的感觉有关,可称之为“感官”动词。这五个动词均可作连系动词,后面接形容词作表语,说明主语所处的状态。其意思分别为“看/听/闻/尝/摸起来”。除look之外,其它几个动词的主语往往是物,而不是人。例如:The old man looks very happy.那个老人看起来很幸福。These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿摸起来很软。(2)look,sound,smell,taste,feel这些动词后面也可接介词like短语,like后面常用名词。例如:Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。15.take placetake place常用于历史事件或会议的发生,以及化学、物理变化,有事先预料或计划的意思,即“计划发生”。例如:The party took place yesterday evening.昨晚举办了晚会。Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.我们家乡在过去的十年里发生了巨大的变化。【拓展】happen指具体客观事物的发生,常有偶然性,未能预见性,即“偶然发生”。happen和take place均为不及物动词,无被动语态。(1)表示“某地/某时发生了什么事”,常用“sth.+ happened + 时间/地点”这一结构,此时主语应该是物。例如:The story happened in 2008.这个故事发生在2008年。An accident happened in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故。(2)表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”要用“sth.+ happened + to sb.”这一结构。例如:A car accident happened to her this morning.今天上午她出了车祸。What happened to you? 你怎么啦?(3)表示“某人碰巧做某事”要用“sb.+ happened + to do sth.”这一结构。例如:I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。16.boilboil作动词,意为“使煮沸,使烧开”。例如:I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water to boil.我站在厨房,等着水烧开。【拓展】(1)boiling作形容词,表示 “炎热的; 沸腾的”。例如:When everybody else is boiling hot, Im freezing!当其他所有人都酷热难耐时,我却冻得够呛!Placing an egg into a huge pan full of boiling water isnt easy either.把蛋丢进一口装满开水大锅也不是容易的事。(2)boiled作形容词,表示“煮过的;煮熟的”。例如:Id like to drink a glass of cool boiled water.我想喝一杯凉开水。17.achieve( 1)achieve作及物动词,意为“完成,实现”。例如:You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way.你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。No one can achieve anything without effort.谁也不可能不努力而有所作为。(2)achieve作及物动词,意为“达到,赢得”。例如:The actor achieved fame when he was only nineteen.那位演员十九岁时就成名了。She achieved no success.她没有获得成功。【拓展】achievement作名词,意为“成就,成绩”。例如: The invention of the computer is a great achievement.发明电脑是一大成就。18.pleasurepleasure作名词,指“愉快的事,乐趣”。Its a pleasure to meet you.见到你很快乐。Its my pleasure.不客气(接受道谢时回答)。【拓展】(1)pleased作形容词,指外物作用于感官,使人感到“高兴、满意”,常见的结构为:be pleased+不定式或从句, be pleased with, be pleased at (about)。例如:Im very pleased with the performance.我很满意这次表演。Were pleased about (at)your success.对于你的成功我们很满意。Im quite pleased that she has got such a good chance.我很高兴她得到这样一个好的机会。(2)pleasant作形容词,意为“令人愉快的,讨人喜欢的”。例如:They spent a very pleasant afternoon in the hills.他们在山上度过一个令人舒心的下午。Spring weather is pleasant.春天的天气让人心旷神怡。7