英语语法-动词时态.ppt

Past Tense Verbs:Staying on Top of the System!English has only two kinds of verbs,each with the same three main parts.(1)REGULARnInfinitive:to WALKnPast tense:WALKED (no helping verb used)nPast participle:WALKED(always with helping verb)(2)IRREGULARnInfinitive:to FLYnPast tense:FLEW (no helping verb used)nPast participle:FLOWN(always with helping verb)nI love you.nI will love you always.nI loved you in the past,but at the time you didnt love me.nI had loved you long before you spoke to me in our writing class.nI wanted you to love me for myself,not for my ability to correct comma splices.Every verb tense in English is formed from these three principal parts.nA regular verb never changes the main verb itself;it just adds a d or an ed when describing past actions:ndancedancedtalktalkednIrregular verbs are unpredictable.When describing past actions,they might(1)stay the same,(2)change just a part of the word,or(3)change the whole word:ncut cut growgrew think thoughtWhats the difference between a regular and an irregular verb?Regular past tense verbs:Tip#1nRemember to add the d or ed endings to mark the past,especially those endings that we dont hear clearly!nEvery day,I walk to work.nYesterday,I walked to work.nFor weeks now,I have walked to work.nEvery night,we dance till dawn.nLast night,we danced till dawn.nOn many nights,we have danced till dawn.REGULAR past tense verbs:Tip#2nBe extra careful when the word“to”follows a past tense verb;its easy to forget the verb ending because we dont hear it.nGrammar use to be easy.nThis is suppose to be fun.ddRegular past tense verbs:Tip#3nRemember to use the“change y to i when you add ed”rule!PresentPastWe testify.We testified.They apply.They have applied.Irregular past tense verbs:Tip#1nSome verbs stay the same in the present and the past.Dont be tempted to add an ending.PresentPastI quit!Yesterday I quit!They cost a lot nowadays.Earlier,they had cost a lot.Irregular past tense verbs:Tip#2nThe past tense of“TO BE”has both a singular and a plural form.Watch the subject/verb agreement.PresentPastSingularToday she is happy.Yesterday she was happy.PluralToday they are happy.Yesterday they were happyWhat About Other Tenses?All other past-tense verbs are formed from the past participle and some kind of a helping verb like has/have/had/is/was/were:nHe has asked the$64,000 question.nThe case was decided in their favor.nShe had written a prize-winning essay.nYou have been selected to enter the Publishers Clearinghouse sweepstakes!Past participles of regular verbs end in d or ed,just as the past tense verb does.PresentPastPast Participletalktalked(has)talkeddependdepended(has)dependedtestifytestified(has)testifiedscarescared(has)scaredUnfortunately,the past participles of irregular verbs are as unpredictable as the past tense is.PresentPastPast participlebeginbeganbecomebecamechoosechosecutcutleadledPresentPastPast participlegowentseesawforgetforgotgive gavedodidbegunbecomechosencutledgoneseenforgottengivendoneAnd just to make things really confusing,theres alwaysPresentPastPast Participlelie(=recline)layhas lainlay(=put)laidhas laidsitsathas satset(=place)sethas setnPast participles are often used as adjectives,to describe other words.Remember the ed ending!nWhat is the prescribe solution?(=the solution which someone has prescribed)nYou seem shock .(=something has shocked you)Warning:Potential Trouble Spot!dedTry some out!Are there any missing endings below?nShe appears to be a very prejudice person.nMy critical thinking teacher was astonish that I finished the quiz so early.nI think everything is finally settle to everyones satisfaction.dded Warning:Potential Trouble Spot#2!nDont confuse the past tense of the irregular verbs(no helping verb)with the past participle(with helping verb).nI begun my homework early this week.nHe had gave me his address.Xgave:past tensegiven:past participlebegan:past tensebegun:past participleXWarning:Potential Trouble Spot#3!nWatch the passive verbs(=a combination of is,are,was,were,be,been,or being plus the past participle).Be sure to use the participle form.nMy heart is broken.(not is broke)nThe course was well designed.(not was well design)nThe report will soon be written.(not will soon be wrote).Verbs are easy,when you understand the system!And thats all there is to it!