【课件】Unit4+Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件人教版(2019)必修第一册.pptx
Unit4NaturalDisastersDiscoveringUsefulStructuresAttributiveClauses()Talkaboutwhatkindofdisasteryouknowbestusingattributiveclauses.earthquakefloodhurricaneStep1Lead-inReadandanalyzethesentences,payingattentiontothewordsinblue.Step2Learnaboutgrammar:AttributiveClauses1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Eleven kilometers directly below the city,one of the most deadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometersawayinBeijing.3.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.4.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.5.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.6.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.7.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.1.以上定语从句由关系词引导,修饰名词或代词,置于被修饰词的。2.关系代词which,that,who在定语从句中可以作 ,也可以作 ;关系代词whose在定语从句中作。who,which,that,whose后面主语宾语或表语定语定语从句()Step3Learnaboutthegrammarcarefully一、定语从句概览在复合句中,修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种,关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等;关系副词有when,where,why等。二、定语从句定义三、定语从句分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。例如:Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing.任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。例如:Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.注意:非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that。四、关系代词引导的定语从句1.thatthat既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。例如:Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)2.whichwhich用于指物,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语可省略。例如:Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)3.who,whomwho,whom用于指人,who用作主语和表语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(who作主语)Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(whom作宾语)4.whose由whose引导的定语从句中,whose用作定语,可指人的也可指物的。例如:Doyouknowthegirlwhoseskirtiswhite?你认识哪个穿白裙子的女孩儿吗?Dontgetclosetothehousewhoseroofisunderrepair.别靠近那所房顶正在被维修的房子。5.as引导限定性定语从句时,指与先行词相似的人或物,必须用于such/so.as.或thesame.as.结构中,例如:Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.被他提到的这样的人是诚实的。Lasttermourmathsteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblemasnoneofusworkedout.上学期我们数学老师出了一道我们没有一个人会的数学题。ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.这是和我昨天买的包一样的包。引导非限定性定语从句时,只能修饰句子,可置于被修饰句子后面、前面或主谓之间,翻译成“正如.那样”例如:Theearthmovesaroundthesun,asweallknow.Asweallknow,Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Theearth,asweallknow,movesaroundthesun在非限制性定语从句中,which和as引导定语从句时的区别:a.which引导的从句不能放在主句前,而as引导的从句则既可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后,还可以放在主谓之间。b.as和which都可以指代一个句子,但as有“正如”、“就像”之意,which则没有此含义。c.as引导的非限定定语从句只能修饰句子,which引导的非限定性定语从句可以修饰句子,也可以修饰名词。名师点津:1.当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,whom,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。2.含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。3.关系词只能用that的情况:先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。例如:WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.王华是我们学校唯一将会出席这个会议的人。先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that.例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。4.关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:Whatsthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?关系代词前有介词时,用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。Step4Fillintheblankswithproperwords.1.Thevideo,_lengthwasjust7seconds,hasbeenviewedmorethan19milliontimesinjusttwodays.2.To those _ have read the book,the young actors and actressesbroughtthecharactersaliveagain.3._isexpected,theseprogramsshouldbepositiveintheirformsaswellasfunctions.4.They will never forget the things and persons _ theyve seen orheardofduringtheirlongjourney.whosewhoAsthat5.Therearethreehandsinawatch,theshortestof_isusedtodescribehour.6.Thebookwaspopularwiththeyouth,_authorwontheNobelLiteraturePrizelastyear.7.Theroom_thereisamachineisaworkshop.8.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_shewantedtobe.9.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs_theyarebeingtrained.whichwhoseinwhichwhichforwhich10.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.11.TheBeatles,_manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.12.Themostimportantthing_weshouldconsideristhefirstidea_hehasmentionedinhisspeech.13.Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm_wevisitedthreemonthsago?asthatthatthat/whichwhich1.Can you write out the outline of AttributiveClauses?2.Workoutallthedetailsofwhatwehavelearned.Summary1.Gooverwhatwehavelearnedaboutgrammarrules.2.Finishtheexercises.Homework