新人教英语词汇句型复习必修3-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the.ppt

必修必修3Unit 4Astronomy:the science of the stars1共 116 页要要 点点 梳梳 理理高效梳理高效梳理知识备考知识备考2共 116 页重点单词重点单词1astronomy n天文学天文学astronomer n天文学家天文学家2system n系系统统；体系；制度；体系；制度3theory n学学说说；理；理论论theoretical adj.理理论论上的上的4globe n球体；地球球体；地球仪仪；地球；地球global adj.全球性的；全球性的；全世界的全世界的3共 116 页5violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；猛烈的；激烈的；强强暴的暴的violence n暴力暴力violently adv.猛烈地猛烈地6atmosphere n大气大气层层；气氛；气氛7unlike prep.不同；不像不同；不像dislike vt.不喜不喜欢欢8presence n出席；到出席；到场场；存在；存在present adj.&n.&v在在场场的；目前的；目前，现现在；出席；在；出席；颁发颁发，授予授予9harmful adj.有害的；有害的；伤伤害的害的harm n危害危害，害害处处harmless adj.无害的无害的4共 116 页重点短语重点短语1in time及及时时；终终于于2lay eggs 下蛋下蛋3give birth to 产产生；分娩生；分娩4in ones turn 轮轮到某人；接着到某人；接着5prevent.from 阻止；制止阻止；制止6block out 挡挡住住(光光线线)7cheer up 感到高感到高兴兴；感到振；感到振奋奋6共 116 页8now that 既然既然9break out 突突发发；爆；爆发发10watch out 密切注密切注视视；当心；提防；当心；提防11cool down 冷却冷却12as well as 也；也；还还有有13depend on 依靠；依依靠；依赖赖，取决于取决于14get close to 靠近靠近7共 116 页重点句型重点句型1This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命使生命发发展成展成为为可能可能。2But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我而当我试试着向前着向前迈迈步步时时，我我发觉发觉我被送出很我被送出很远远，步子的跨度步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了因而我摔倒了。8共 116 页高考范文高考范文(2009陕西卷陕西卷)假定你是李华假定你是李华。在一个英文网在一个英文网络论坛络论坛上上，你看到一个名叫你看到一个名叫Grownup的中学生的中学生发发帖帖(post)寻寻求帮助求帮助，请请根据帖子内容根据帖子内容、写作要点和要求回写作要点和要求回贴贴。10共 116 页GrownupPost at 1852009 20：08Hi,everyone，Im 17 years old and I am going to university this autumn.But my mother continues to treat me as a sevenyearold.What should I do?TOPLast TopicNext TopicREPLYNEW11共 116 页Hi,Grownup，As a student of your age,I understand your situation._13共 116 页First,its advisable to talk more with your mom.I learnt talks help you understand each other better.They are also opportunities to let her know your ideas of and attitudes toward many things.Second,you should learn to do your own things well,proving to your mom that you are already a“grownup”，Its even better if you could share more of the housework,such as cleaning,washing and cooking.15共 116 页考考 点点 探探 究究互动探究互动探究能力能力备备考考16共 116 页be harmful to 对对有害有害do sb.harm/do harm to sb.对对某人有害某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利弊大于利There is(no)harm in(sb.s)doing sth.(某人某人)做某事有做某事有(无无)害害处处。It does(no)harm(for sb.)to do sth.(对对于某人来于某人来说说)做某事有做某事有(无无)害害处处。mean no harm 没有没有恶恶意意18共 116 页即学即练即学即练1(1)Fruit juice can _ _ _ childrens teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(2)What he did _ his reputation.他所做的他所做的损损害了他的名声害了他的名声。beharmfultoharmed19共 116 页(3)He may look fierce,but he _ _ _.他可能看上去很凶他可能看上去很凶，但并无但并无恶恶意意。(4)The court case will _ _ _ _ my business.这这起起诉讼诉讼案件将案件将严严重重损损害我的生意害我的生意。meansnoharmdo serious harmto20共 116 页2exist vi.存在；生存；维持生活存在；生存；维持生活existent adj.存在的，现存的存在的，现存的existence n.存在，生存存在，生存There exists/existed.某地有某地有，存在存在exist in 存在于存在于之中之中exist on 靠靠为为生生exist by 靠靠生存生存come into existence 开始存在；成立开始存在；成立bring into existence 使使发发生生，产产生生21共 116 页即学即练即学即练2(1)_ always _ a force of attraction between two bodies.两物体间总是存在着吸引力两物体间总是存在着吸引力。(2)They _ _ very little food.他他们们靠极少的食物来生存靠极少的食物来生存。(3)That word doesnt _ in English.英英语语中没有中没有这这个个词词。Thereexistsexistonexist22共 116 页3puzzle vt.使困惑；使糊涂使困惑；使糊涂n.难题；谜难题；谜puzzling adj.令人困惑的令人困惑的puzzled adj.感到困惑的感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth.苦苦思索；仔苦苦思索；仔细细琢磨琢磨puzzle sth.out 琢磨出琢磨出的答案；开的答案；开动脑动脑筋筋be in a puzzle about sth.对对某事迷惑不解某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb.a puzzle)出个出个谜语谜语叫某人猜叫某人猜be puzzled by 被被迷惑迷惑24共 116 页即学即练即学即练3(1)Its quite _ _ _ us why he did that.他为何做那样的事他为何做那样的事，我我们们完全搞不懂完全搞不懂。(2)This sentence _ me.这这个句子令我困惑个句子令我困惑。(3)I _ _ how to solve the problem.我不知道怎我不知道怎样样解决解决这这个个问题问题。(4)The question is _ to me.这这个个问题问题令我困惑令我困惑。apuzzletopuzzleswaspuzzledpuzzling25共 116 页4in ones turn轮到某人；接着轮到某人；接着in turn依次；依次；轮轮流；流；转转而；反而；反过过来来by turns轮轮流；交替流；交替take ones turn轮轮到某人做到某人做了了take turns依次；依次；轮轮班班，轮轮流流on the turn正在正在转变转变，正在正在变变化化out of turn不合不合时时宜地宜地，鲁鲁莽地莽地26共 116 页(3)We kept watch _ _.We _ _ to keep watch.我我们轮们轮流守望流守望。byturnstook turns28共 116 页5prevent.from 阻止；制止阻止；制止stop sb.(from)doing sth.阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事protect sb.from.保保护护某人不受某人不受侵侵袭袭，挡挡住住，防御防御keep sb.doing sth.让让某人一直做某事某人一直做某事29共 116 页提示：提示：(1)在被动句中在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我们无法外出。大雨使我们无法外出。(2)protect.from.中中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：如：They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind.他们挤在一起，免受风吹。他们挤在一起，免受风吹。31共 116 页6cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋感到高兴；感到振奋cheer sb.up 使某人高使某人高兴兴；使某人振；使某人振奋奋cheer on 为为加油加油cheer sb.为为某人喝彩某人喝彩with good cheer 欣然地欣然地Cheers!干杯！祝你健康！干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒用于祝酒)32共 116 页即学即练即学即练6(1)_ _！The news isnt too bad.振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。(2)Every time an English runner won a race,the crowd _.每次英国每次英国选选手手赢赢得得赛赛跑冠跑冠军军，观观众就众就欢欢呼呼。(3)The crowd _ their favourite horse _.观观众都替他众都替他们们看好的看好的马马加油加油。Cheerupcheeredcheeredon33共 116 页7break out(战争、灾难、瘟疫等战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发突发；爆发(无被动语态无被动语态)The Second World War broke out in September 1939.“二二战战”是是1939年年9月爆月爆发发的的。A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚居民区里昨晚居民区里发发生了火灾生了火灾。34共 116 页拓展：拓展：break away from 脱离脱离(政党等政党等)；打破；打破(陈套等陈套等)break down 出故障，抛锚；出故障，抛锚；(计划等计划等)失败；失败；(身体、精神等身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等化合物等)分解分解break in 破门而入；闯入；打断破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等话语等)break into 破门而入，突然破门而入，突然起来起来break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束折断；突然中止，断绝，结束break through 突破突破break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校学校)期末放假，期末放假，(集集会会)结束结束break into pieces 成为碎片成为碎片35共 116 页即学即练即学即练7介介、副副词词填空填空(1)She started to speak,then broke _ while a waitress served us with coffee.(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke _.(3)Her health broke _ under the pressure of work.offupdown36共 116 页(4)Should another world war break _，what would become of human beings?(5)Firemen had to break the door _ to reach the people trapped inside.(6)The meeting broke _ at eleven oclock.outdownup37共 116 页8watch out 注意；当心注意；当心watch out(for)look out(for)密切注意；留神密切注意；留神take care 留神留神，注意注意be careful 仔仔细细，留神留神watch it 当心当心，小心小心watch over 照看；看守照看；看守keep a close watch/eye on 密切注密切注视视38共 116 页即学即练即学即练8(1)_ _！There is a car coming!当心！有车来了！当心！有车来了！(2)_ _ _ cars while crossing the road.过马路时要当心车辆过马路时要当心车辆。(3)_ _ not to catch a cold._ _ not to catch a cold.当心当心别别着凉着凉。WatchoutWatchoutforBecarefulTakecare39共 116 页.重点句型详解重点句型详解1This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。本句中本句中 it做形式做形式宾语宾语，真正的真正的宾语为宾语为不定式短不定式短语语 for life to develop。it做形式做形式宾语还宾语还可以代替可以代替动动名名词词或从句或从句。40共 116 页He thinks it his duty to help others.他他认为认为帮助帮助别别人是他的人是他的职责职责。He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.他把每天早晨他把每天早晨6点起床作点起床作为为一一项规项规定定。We consider it no use going to the seaside.我我们认为们认为去海去海边边没用没用处处。41共 116 页We all consider it a pity that you didnt come to the party.我我们们都都认为认为你没有来参加聚会很你没有来参加聚会很遗遗憾憾。I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.我不喜我不喜欢欢人人们说话时们说话时嘴里有嘴里有满满满满的的东东西西。You may depend on it that were honest.你可以相信我你可以相信我们们是是诚实诚实的的。42共 116 页拓展：拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语不定式不定式(或或不定式复合结构不定式复合结构)、动名词、动名词(或动名词复合结构或动名词复合结构)或从句。或从句。(1)Itsadj.for sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事是对某人来说做某事是的。的。(2)Itsadj.of sb.to do sth.某人做某事某人做某事(3)Its/was/.who/that.是某人是某人/某物做某物做43共 116 页(4)It is/was the序数词序数词timethat.主语主语have/had done.这是某人第这是某人第次做次做(5)It is(high)time that.主语主语did/should do.是是该做该做的时候了。的时候了。(6)Its said/reported/believed/announced that.据说据说/据报道据报道/据猜测据猜测/据称据称44共 116 页(7)Its a pity/a shame/a wonder.that.可惜可惜/遗憾遗憾/奇怪奇怪的是的是(8)It happens/appears/seems that.恰巧恰巧/看来看来/好像好像(9)It looks/seems as if.看起来好像看起来好像(10)Its up to sb.to do.该某人做该某人做了了45共 116 页即境活用即境活用1(1)He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.AthisBthatCit Dthese解析：解析：it做形式宾语，真正宾语为做形式宾语，真正宾语为 when and where从句。从句。答案：答案：C46共 116 页(2)Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.Athat BitCthis Dyou解析：解析：it做形式宾语，代替做形式宾语，代替 if从句。从句。答案：答案：B47共 116 页2But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。倍数的表达方式有：倍数的表达方式有：48共 116 页(1)“A倍数形容倍数形容词词或副或副词词的比的比较级较级thanB”，表示表示“A比比B大大(长长、高高、宽宽等等)多少倍多少倍”。(2)“A倍数倍数as形容形容词词或副或副词词的原的原级级asB”，表示表示“A是是B的多少倍的多少倍”。(3)“A倍数倍数the size/height/length/width,etc.ofB”，表表示示“A是是B的多少倍的多少倍”。49共 116 页(4)“A倍数倍数what从句从句”，表示表示“A是是的多少倍的多少倍”。Asia is four times as large as Europe.The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.Asia is four times the size of Europe.Asia is three times larger than Europe.亚亚洲是欧洲的四倍大洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍比欧洲大三倍)。50共 116 页Our total income of 1994 was double that of 1992.我我们们1994年的年的总总收入是收入是1992年的两倍年的两倍。The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现现在的在的产产量是十年前的三倍量是十年前的三倍。51共 116 页即境活用即境活用2(1)Though its a challenging job,he did it _ it took me.Aonethird a time Bonethird timeCthe onethird time Donethird the time解析：考查倍数比较的句型，即解析：考查倍数比较的句型，即“倍数倍数then.”结构。结构。答案：答案：D52共 116 页(2)What a table!Ive never seen such a thing before.It is _ it is long.Ahalf not as wide as Bwide not as half asCnot half as wide as Das wide as not half解析：考查倍数比较解析：考查倍数比较 halfas.as。答案：答案：C53共 116 页3.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习54共 116 页(1)句中句中 does need是一种是一种强强调调句式句式。在一般句型中在一般句型中，do(does,did)常用来常用来强强调谓语动词调谓语动词的的语语气气，在句中要重在句中要重读读，译为译为“真的真的”“”“的确的确”“”“确确实实”等等。You do look nice today.你今天看起来真的很漂亮你今天看起来真的很漂亮。Jack said he would come and he did come.杰克杰克说说他要来他要来，他果真来了他果真来了。55共 116 页在祈使句中在祈使句中，do表示表示强强烈的烈的请请求求，而不是命令而不是命令，有有时时它可它可以使邀以使邀请对请对方的心意方的心意显显得更加客气得更加客气、热热情情、友好友好，而且而且亲亲切切，此此时时的的 do可可译为译为“千万千万，务务必必”等等。Please do sit down.务务必必请请坐下坐下。Do be careful next time.下次千万要小心下次千万要小心。56共 116 页(2)now that 在句中引在句中引导导原因状原因状语语从句从句，相当于相当于 since，意意为为“既然既然，由于由于”，that 可省略可省略。Now that you have finished your work,youd better have a rest.既然工作已既然工作已经经做完了做完了，你最好休息一下你最好休息一下。57共 116 页辨析：辨析：now that/because/since/as/fornow that 说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然既然”。because 语气最强，回答的是用语气最强，回答的是用 why提问的问句，表示直接提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。的或为人所不知的原因。since与与 as语气较语气较 because 弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。原因。since 侧重主句，侧重主句，as主从并重，语气比主从并重，语气比 since 弱。弱。58共 116 页for是连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真是连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。正的原因，不能放在主句前面。Why did you do this?你为什么这么做？你为什么这么做？Because it is good for you.因为这对你有好处因为这对你有好处。Since you have known it,I wont repeat it.既然你已既然你已经经知道了知道了，我就不重复了我就不重复了。Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.穿上穿上结实结实的鞋子的鞋子，因因为为我我们们要走不少路要走不少路。It rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚下雨了昨晚下雨了，因因为为地面是湿的地面是湿的。59共 116 页即境活用即境活用3(1)In my opinion,what Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng _ good to our countrys international positions.Adid do does Bdid does doCdoes did do Ddo do did解析：第一个解析：第一个 did是是 what主语从句中的谓语动词；第二个主语从句中的谓语动词；第二个 does强调谓语强调谓语 do good to，故选，故选B。答案：答案：B60共 116 页易易 错错 点点 拨拨自我完善自我完善误区备考误区备考1.unlike/dislike/alike/likely(1)unlike prep.不同；不像不同；不像(2)dislike vt.不喜不喜欢欢(3)alike adj.相似的相似的，同同样样的的(4)likely adj.很可能很可能发发生的生的，有希望的有希望的解析：解析：now that 引导原因状语从句，相当于引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为：，意为：既然。既然。答案：答案：D61共 116 页应用应用1用用 unlike,dislike,alike,likely的适当形式填空：的适当形式填空：(1)The twins look very much _.(2)_ his brother,he _ playing football.(3)We all think he is _ to win.alikeUnlikedislikeslikely62共 116 页2.pull/drag/draw(1)pull是普通用语是普通用语，指一时或突然用力拉，指一时或突然用力拉，与与push相相对对。有有时时可用于把某人某物拖可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。(2)drag是指是指“拖拖”“拉拉”着笨重的物体擦着地面着笨重的物体擦着地面，缓缓慢而慢而费费力地力地拖拖、拉拉动动作作。(3)draw是指是指“拖拖”“拉拉”的物体向自己所在的方向移的物体向自己所在的方向移动动，而且拖而且拖、拉的拉的动动作是从容的作是从容的、不太不太费劲费劲的的。63共 116 页应用应用2(1)She _a truck out from under the bed.(2)_ the door open.Dont push it.(3)_ your chair up to the table.(4)The ants are _ pieces of corn.draggedPullDrawpulling64共 116 页3.in time/at a time/at one time/on time/in no time/at times/at no timein time及时；总有一天；终于及时；总有一天；终于on time按时按时at one time曾经曾经，一度一度at a time一次一次，同同时时at times有有时时at no time决不决不，在任何在任何时时候都不候都不in no time立刻立刻，马马上上65共 116 页应用应用3(1)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months,but it will disappear _.(2)_ she wanted to be a nurse,but the thought of working at night put her off.(3)They ran all the way to the corner just _ to catch the bus.in no timeAt one timein time66共 116 页(4)My honey,life is very difficult and cruel _.Wipe your tears.(5)Deal with your questions separately,one _.(6)Be sure to be _.The meeting is very important.(7)_ will we give up.at timesat a timeon timeAt no time67共 116 页高高 效效 作作 业业自我测评自我测评技能备考技能备考68共 116 页.单词拼写单词拼写1He was interested in a_ and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.2Not long ago a v_ earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.3 Computer hackers have broken down security s_，raising questions about the safety of information.4Too much sugar can be h_ to childrens teeth.astronomyviolentsystemsharmful69共 116 页5The threestar hotel offers a friendly a_ and personal service.6China has sent up another _(人造人造卫卫星星)into space.7There is a lot of rubbish _(漂漂浮浮)on the surface of the river.8_(理理论论)is based on practice.9The_(气候气候)is different from place to place.10.6 _(乘乘)by 5 is 30.atmospheresatellitefloatingTheoryclimatemultiplied70共 116 页.单项选择单项选择1Im thinking of the test tomorrow.Im afraid I cant pass this time._！Im sure youll make it.AGo aheadBGood luckCNo problem DCheer up答案：答案：D解析：考查交际用语。解析：考查交际用语。cheer up 用于鼓励别人：振奋起来，用于鼓励别人：振奋起来，别灰心。别灰心。71共 116 页2(2010湖北百校联考湖北百校联考)With the words,he _ a wide mouth jar from his pocket and set it on the table in front of him.Apulled out Bchecked outCstuck out Ddropped out答案：答案：A72共 116 页解析：考查动词短语。语意表示他从口袋里拿出一个广口瓶，解析：考查动词短语。语意表示他从口袋里拿出一个广口瓶，用用pull out表示表示“抽，从抽，从中抽出来中抽出来”。check out“结帐离去，结帐离去，办妥手续离去办妥手续离去”；stick out“坚持，突出，伸出坚持，突出，伸出”；drop out“退退出，退学出，退学”。73共 116 页3As the busiest woman in Norton,she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.Athis BthatCone Dit解析：考查解析：考查 it做形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式短语做形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式短语 to look after.。答案：答案：D74共 116 页4Completely lost in the exciting _ of the football match,Tom didnt feel his pocket picked.Ascene BviewCatmosphere Dsight答案：答案：C解析：考查名词辨析。解析：考查名词辨析。atmosphere 在此指在此指“气氛；氛围气氛；氛围”。75共 116 页5Many Europeans _ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.Aexploded BexposedCexplored Dexpanded答案：答案：C解析：句意为：许多欧洲人在解析：句意为：许多欧洲人在19世纪对非洲大陆进行了探索。世纪对非洲大陆进行了探索。explode爆炸；爆炸；expose暴露，显示；暴露，显示；explore探索；探索；expand扩大。扩大。76共 116 页6Its _ for the Shenzhou spaceship that every Chinese feels cheerful and proud.Aso a successful flightBso successful a flightCsuch successful a flightDa such successful flight答案：答案：B77共 116 页解析：考查解析：考查such.that和和so.that句型。句意为：对于句型。句意为：对于“神七神七”来说，这是一次极为成功的飞行，以至于每个中国人都为之来说，这是一次极为成功的飞行，以至于每个中国人都为之高兴和自豪。高兴和自豪。“soadj.a可数名词单数可数名词单数”或或“suchaadj.可数名词单数可数名词单数”。78共 116 页7He has _ letters to answer and has to work from morning to night.Amuch Ba great deal ofCmasses of Dthe number of答案：答案：C79共 116 页解析：考查修饰名词表解析：考查修饰名词表“大量大量”的词的辨析。的词的辨析。masses of相当相当于于plenty of，意为，意为“许多；大量许多；大量”。A、B两项用于修饰不可数两项用于修饰不可数名词；名词；the number of意为意为“的数目的数目”，与题意不符。，与题意不符。80共 116 页8(2010陕西西安质检陕西西安质检)We were scared to death when the fire _.Fortunately,it was put out before it caused much damage.Abroke out Bcame outCgave out Dturned out答案：答案：A81共 116 页解析：考查动词短语辨析。解析：考查动词短语辨析。break out表示表示“(战争、打斗等不战争、打斗等不愉快事件愉快事件)突然发生突然发生”；come out表示表示“出发，发芽出发，发芽”；give out表示表示“分发，用完分发，用完”；turn out表示表示