完形填空分析及应试策略.ppt

完形填空 题型分析 应试策略 实例详解题型分析 大纲介绍本题考查的短文，一般难度适中，长约250-300单词，内设15个试题，要求考生在全面理解短文的基础上选出最佳选项，使短文意思完整，语法无误。能力要求完形填空试题兼有语言和知识技能两种试题的特点，要求考生的理解水平从句子提高到语篇，掌握相当的词汇、牢固的语法知识、良好的阅读能力、一定的语篇分析能力。具体分析如下：1.篇章理解能力和语篇分析能力。完形填空是语篇层次上的完句填空，短文在结构和意义上都是一个整体，它对考生的整体语感和语篇分析能力也有较高的要求。因此，考生在做题时必须结合上下文考虑，不该只看所填的词语在句子中是否合适。2.词汇知识。主要包括构词法、同义词、反义词、形近异义词、同形异义词等的辨析。3.句型和固定搭配。主要包括动词、名词、形容词的惯用句型，动词、名词、形容词和副词之间的搭配，介词词组以及一些习惯搭配。4.语法和句法。完形填空考察多为词汇题，但对句子和文章的理解少不了一定的语法知识和分析能力，在选用结构词（介词、连词）时，需要考虑在语法上是否适当。考点解密1.词义辨析。词义辨析主要集中在名词、动词、形容词和副词，试题通常以同义词、反义词或形近词的形式出现，要求考生在做题时根据语境确定答案，首先排除意义相反或相差较大的选项，然后确定未知词在句法和语法上的要求，最后选择使句子结构完整、语法正确、符合语义逻辑的最佳答案。2.固定搭配。固定搭配主要包括介词词组、动词词组、名词词组和一些词语的特殊搭配，是英语学习的重点和难点，备考无技巧可言，关键在于考生对它们的熟悉程度。准确的记忆对提高正确率、节省时间大有裨益。3.逻辑衔接。在完形填空中，不少题目是利用上下文在逻辑上的排斥性和关联性来设计的，考生应在理解全文的基础上，结合上下文的语义和逻辑关系选择答案。语法结构。应关注主谓一致、定语从句、名词和代词的数和格、非谓语动词、并列结构、虚拟语气和倒装结构。应试策略 三步走1.通读全文，了解话题大意，把握总体结构，粗选答案。2.逐句细读，仔细推敲，确定答案。A.先易后难，初定答案。填空时，要按照先句法，后语法、语义、逻辑关系及固定搭配的顺序，从各个角度考虑，可以先跳过无法确定的选题，先易后难，循序渐进。B.B.前后参照，寻找线索。对于较难的题目，要反复阅读空白前后的句子，联系上下文，寻找语境线索和提示。句中信息空白的填补，可以由该句内的信息提示来确定，但有时也需要参照相邻或相隔较远的句子中的信息提示，甚至需要结合全文内容，仔细琢磨，选出合乎逻辑的答案。3.回读全文，难点补缺。复读全文，再次通过前两遍阅读所营造的语感来核实选项答案，检查文章前后是否连贯、语义是否流畅、内容是否矛盾、结构是否严谨，同时补上难点空缺。试题详解 2010年试题 Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources,_61_ those species that are endangered._62_,many zoos displayed live animals for public entertainment.Presently some zoos have become scientific and educational _63_ that have contributed to the understanding and conservation of wild animals populations._64_ the challenges facing modern zoos are the cost of upgrading old facilities,the struggle to obtain _65_ operating funds,and the need to attract more visitors to new and entertaining exhibits.Many _66_ zoos in American cities have undergone renovation(翻新）during the last decades of the 2oth century.Among the recent trends in zoo _67_ is the construction of new enclosures that resemble natural habitats(栖息地).The replacement of traditional steel bars and concrete floors _68_ appropriately designed surroundings improves visitor appreciation of the animals.Such renovations may _69_stress on animals and allow them to interact with one another more naturally.Several major zoos conduct captive propagation programs.A captive propagation program includes the breeding of _70_ zoo or wild animals to obtain offspring,usually for release to _71_ or for transfer to other zoos.Captive breeding is one method of _72_ some species from extinction.Zoos have expanded and improved public education programs also,with education departments that develop programs _73_ zoo exhibits.Public activities include in0school programs,zoo tours,special events,and websites.The zoological Society of New York,for example,conducted a major project with a Western African government to monitor an elephant herd _74_ it moved throughout its range.The importance of zoos will increase as natural habitats are diminishing.Through their efforts _75_ conservation,education,and environmental advocacy.Zoos will continue to play a critical role in wildlife preservation throughout the world.实例详解 2010年试题 快速阅读文章各个段落主题句，迅速把握话题，确定话题熟不熟悉。文章首句（主题句）大致呈现了文章内容：动物园的功能意义。Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources.继续阅读前，考虑一下我们所知的动物园的功能有哪些。全文结构：段落首句帮助我们迅速获得该话题的大概信息。Many _zoos in American cities have undergone renovation(翻新).Several major zoos conduct captive propagation programs.Zoos have expanded and improved public education programs also,with education departments that develop programs _ zoo exhibits.The importance of zoos will increase as natural habitats are diminishing.通读全文，顺手牵羊，粗选答案。Zoos have become an important site for the preservation and protection of wildlife resources,_61_ those species that are endangered._62_,many zoos displayed live animals for public entertainment.Presently some zoos have become scientific and educational _63_ that have contributed to the understanding and conservation of wild animals populations._64_ the challenges facing modern zoos are the cost of upgrading old facilities,the struggle to obtain _65_ operating funds,and the need to attract more visitors to new and entertaining exhibits.61.a.superficially b.especially c.importantly d.supposedly 62.a.By that time b.By the time c.At one time d.At that time 63.a.institutions b.associations c.foundations d.corporations 64.a.Along b.Toward c.Among d.Through 65.a.limited b.professional c.sufficient d.excessive Many _66_ zoos in American cities have undergone renovation(翻新）during the last decades of the 2oth century.Among the recent trends in zoo _67_ is the construction of new enclosures that resemble natural habitats(栖息地).The replacement of traditional steel bars and concrete floors _68_ appropriately designed surroundings improves visitor appreciation of the animals.Such renovations may _69_stress on animals and allow them to interact with one another more naturally.66.a.newer b.older c.former d.later 67.a.management b.improvement c.achievement d.assessment 68.a.under b.for c.into d.with 69.a.reduce b.cause c.increase d.avoid Several major zoos conduct captive propagation programs.A captive propagation program includes the breeding of _70_ zoo or wild animals to obtain offspring,usually for release to _71_ or for transfer to other zoos.Captive breeding is one method of _72_ some species from extinction.70.a.selected b.sustained c.promising d.surviving 71.natural b.the natural c.wild d.the wild 72.restraining b.saving c.sheltering d.exempting Zoos have expanded and improved public education programs also,with education departments that develop programs _73_ zoo exhibits.Public activities include in-school programs,zoo tours,special events,and websites.The zoological Society of New York,for example,conducted a major project with a Western African government to monitor an elephant herd _74_ it moved throughout its range.73.a.attributed to b.opposed to c.referred to d.related to 74.a.as b.as if c.so d.so thatThe importance of zoos will increase as natural habitats are diminishing.Through their efforts _75_ conservation,education,and environmental advocacy,zoos will continue to play a critical role in wildlife preservation throughout the world.75.a.in search of b.in honor of c.in support of d.in charge of实例分析2（10年试题特点上下文中找答案）Are you single but too busy to search for love?Then you need to try the latest dating phenomenon that is sweeping 61 the UK-speed dating.Speed dating 62 men and woman meeting in a room and finding out as much as they can about possible 63 in three minutes.Its proving every 64 with Britains young people who find that they havent got the time to meet that special one.61.A.off B.across C.over D.through 62.A.requires B.inquires C.revolves D.involves 63.A.partners B.spouses C.friends D.counterparts 64.A.practical B.popular C.favorable D.normal At a speed dating event you are given three minutes to talk,65,with a member of the opposite sex.Then a bell is 66 and you move to another person and start chatting again.By the end of the evening you will have spoken with up to twenty men or women!65.A.all in one B.one after one C.one on one D.one and all 66.A.knocked B.shaken C.swung D.rung If,by the end of a conversation,you 67 the person or would like to see him or her again,you write it 68 on a card.Then,if the other person also fancies you,the organizers will contact you with their details.But is three minutes long enough to make an impression and 69 if you want to see someone again?Research suggests that 70 can be felt within the first thirty seconds of meeting someone,and that is 71 speed dating is all about,knowing quickly if you are going to like someone.67.A.attract B.enjoy C.chase D.fancy 68.A.down B.off C.up D.back 69.A.work on B.work out C.work at D.work up 70.A.emotion B.sentiment C.chemistry D.attachment 71.A.how B.what C.all D.where And what about romance?Is it possible to make a good 72 in such a short time?73,people say you cant hurry love.However,Britain will soon have its first marriage from a speed date.So,if you are on a 74 to find Mr.or Miss Right,what have you got to lose?75,you still go home on your own.But at best,the person of your dreams could be just three minutes away.72.A.conclusion B.refection C.guess D.judgment 73.A.In all B.After all C.Of all D.And all 74.A.tour B.route C.direction D.mission 75.A.At last B.At first C.At worst D.At end实例3（09年）Nuclear energy is an efficient and convenient substitute for conventional forms of energy which were found in special geographical locations.Large amounts of _61_ and effort are required to _62_ these locations.Once the sites are found,man and equipment must be brought to tap and use these sources of energy.However,a large proportion of such sites are found only in far and _63_ places.This increases the difficulties of _64_ these forms of energy.With nuclear energy,such difficulties are at present.Nuclear reactors can easily be built anywhere,and man does not have to compete with the _65_ of nature in order to obtain the energy.For equal amounts of energy,nuclear energy is much more convenient and inexpensive to obtain than conventional sources of energy.61.A.incentive B.capital C.interest D.currency 62.A.point B.recognize C.identify D.label 63.A.isolated B.single C.sole D.solitary 64.A.detecting B.selecting C.harnessing D.concentrating 65.A.potentials B.powers C.strengths D.forces With nuclear energy,the amount of pollution is greatly reduced._66_ the production of nuclear energy is based on the fission(裂变)of atoms,pollution is kept to a very low level.The energy produced in the reactors is converted into heat and electricity,and these have _67_ or no pollution at all.Conventional forms of fuel,_68_,produce large amounts of pollution.66.A.If B.While C.Though D.Since 67.A.little B.much C.more D.less 68.A.as a result B.in general C.on the other handD.in effect Production of nuclear energy uses the _69_ of the fission of atoms:thus,_70_ amounts of energy can be obtained from it.The worlds reserves of oil,coal and natural gas are running _71_ at a tremendous rate and current estimates predict that _72_ of the 21st century most of these conventional fuels will be used up.Nuclear energy is the exception _73_ this gloomy prediction through splitting and fusing atoms,large amounts of energy can be produced,and _74_ this process can go on and on until all our energy needs are satisfied.The _75_ of nuclear energy as a boundless source of energy is indeed great,and we must harness it whenever possible as conventional fuels will not be around much longer.69.A.process B.rule C.principle D.function 70.A.incomplete B.definite C.infinite D.defined 71.A.out B.up C.away D.down 72.A.at the end B.by the end C.in the end D.to the end 73.A.in B.for C.of D.to 74.A.substantially B.additionally C.effectively D.theoretically 75.A.use B.potential C.popularity D.transformation