Unit-24-Society--基础知识自测--2011名师指津(高考英语)课件.ppt

1._ v.辞职辞职 2._ n.编辑；版本编辑；版本 3._ v.删除删除 4._ n.海报海报,招贴画招贴画 5._ adv.而且而且,此外此外 resign edition delete poster moreover 6._ n.早午餐早午餐 7._ n.签名签名8._ adj.仁慈的；幸运的仁慈的；幸运的 9._ n.商人商人10._ n.纳税人纳税人brunch signature merciful merchant taxpayer 16._ n.&v.重担重担,负担负担17._ adj.自愿的自愿的18._ n.罚款罚款,罚金罚金19._ v.选举选举,推选推选20.ownership n._burden voluntary fine elect 所有权所有权 21.spoonful adj._22.abundant adj._23.deposit vt.&vi._24.fountain n._25.undertake vt._一匙之量一匙之量 大量的大量的 存储存储 喷泉喷泉 着手做着手做 26.packet n._27.squeeze v._28.rot v._29.skip v._30.shrink v._小包小包,小盒小盒 挤挤 腐烂腐烂 跳；跳绳跳；跳绳（使）收缩（使）收缩 _搭配适应搭配适应_搭配使自己适应搭配使自己适应adjust to adjust oneself to(1)Nowadays,the living cost has been increasing so fast.But most people think it is _so the government has to make an _on it.(adjust)运用：运用：(1)adjustable,adjustment。第。第一空是在系动词一空是在系动词be后面用形容词作表语；后面用形容词作表语；第二空是在冠词后面用名词形式。第二空是在冠词后面用名词形式。adjustableadjustment(3)It took her a while to adjust to _(live)alone.(3)living。因。因adjust to中的中的to是介词。是介词。livingThe book is(1)_ by top(2)_ in the publishing house and a new(3)_ of it is going to come out.It will be more helpful,practical and effective to the students.(edit)(1)edited。用过去分词以构成被动语态。用过去分词以构成被动语态,edit的过去分词的过去分词形式是形式是edited。(2)editors。作。作by的宾语用名词的宾语用名词,表示表示“编辑编辑”,因因editor是可数名词是可数名词,前面没有前面没有a,the等限定词等限定词,应当用复数应当用复数形式。形式。(3)edition。在。在“冠词冠词+形容词形容词”后后,要用名词要用名词,表示表示“版本版本”。editededitorsedition3.mercy n.仁慈仁慈,宽容宽容,宽大宽大 _adj.仁慈的仁慈的,宽容的宽容的_adv.仁慈地仁慈地,宽容地宽容地 merciful mercifully(1)The bad boss has little mercy _ his men.He should have been _(mercy)to them and should treat them _(mercy).(1)on,merciful,mercifully。第一空是搭配。第一空是搭配中的需要；第二空在系动词中的需要；第二空在系动词be后面作表语后面作表语,用形容词形式。；第三空修饰动词用形容词形式。；第三空修饰动词(treat)用用副词形式。副词形式。onmercifulmercifully(2)We should learn to show mercy _ others.(2)to。固定搭配。固定搭配。to(3)When we do what matters most,we are not _the mercy of what matters least.(3)at。固定搭配。固定搭配。at4.own v.拥有拥有 adj.自己的自己的_ n.业主业主,所有人所有人_ n.所有权所有权 owner ownership _搭配独自地搭配独自地,独立的独立的_搭配属于某人自搭配属于某人自己的己的on ones own of ones own(2)Although her father is in the firm she got the job _ her own.(2)on。句中。句中on ones own表示表示“独立地独立地,靠自己靠自己”。on(3)Hed like to have a car _ his own.(3)of。表示。表示“属于他自己的属于他自己的”。of5.sign v.签名签名,示意；示意；n.迹象迹象,标记；标记；手势手势_n.签名签名,签字签字 signature 1._形成形成,存在；出现存在；出现,2._ 照看照看,留心瞧留心瞧,注意注意 3._炫耀炫耀,夸耀夸耀4._撞上某人撞上某人5._在在的入口处的入口处 come into being keep an eye on show offknock into sb at the entrance to 6._ 闯入闯入7._ 判处某人死刑判处某人死刑8._ 毫无疑问毫无疑问9._ 最重要的是最重要的是,首先首先 10._一一方面方面另一方面另一方面 break intosentence sb to death no doubt above all on one hand.,on the other hand16.on principle _ 17.set up _18.it is not surprising that _19.lose faith in _20.it is high time that _原则上原则上 建立建立 并不奇怪并不奇怪对对失去信心失去信心 早该是做早该是做的时候了的时候了 1.Sometimes we try to deposit a little or change our money into different countries currencies _（怀（怀着着的希望）的希望）we can make even more money.1.in the hope that.。句意：有时候。句意：有时候,我们我们试图存些钱或者把钱兑换成不同国家的货币试图存些钱或者把钱兑换成不同国家的货币,希望能够赚取更多的钱。希望能够赚取更多的钱。in the hope that2.If laws such as these _（形成）（形成）,a huge adjustment will be e into being。句意：如果像这样。句意：如果像这样的法律能够形成的话的法律能够形成的话,社会将需要作出社会将需要作出巨大的调整。巨大的调整。come into being3.The old gentleman still _（控制着）（控制着）his big business after his retirement.3.keeps control over。句意：这位老先。句意：这位老先生退休后仍然掌控着他的大生意。生退休后仍然掌控着他的大生意。keeps control over4.On one hand,the government wishes to bring down the prices of houses,_,they are driving up the prices of land.4.on the other hand。句意：一方面。句意：一方面,政政府希望降低房价府希望降低房价,另一方面另一方面,却在哄抬却在哄抬土地的价格。土地的价格。on the other hand5.As a society,_（早该是（早该是的时候了）的时候了）that we took these issues more seriously.5its high time.。句意：作为整个社会。句意：作为整个社会来讲来讲,我们早应该认真考虑这些问题了。我们早应该认真考虑这些问题了。its high time6.We should also make sure that there are better ways for young people to use their free time _（除了（除了以外）以外）spending money.6.apart from。句意：我们还要确保。句意：我们还要确保,除了花钱以外除了花钱以外,年轻人有更好的方式来年轻人有更好的方式来打发他们的业余时间。打发他们的业余时间。apart from7._（首先）（首先）,we should remember that“being”and“doing”are much more important than“having”.7.Above all/Most of all/First of all。句。句意：最重要的是意：最重要的是,我们应该记住我们应该记住“做人做人”和和“做事做事”比比“拥有拥有”远远要重要得远远要重要得多。多。Above all8.Chinese ancient Emperors were able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs,which made it easier to _peoples movements.8.keep an eye on。句意：中国的古代皇。句意：中国的古代皇帝就可以在各个胡同口设置哨兵帝就可以在各个胡同口设置哨兵,这样这样更便于监督人们的活动。更便于监督人们的活动。keep an eye on9._that we will succeed in winning the game.9.There is no doubt/No doubt。句意：。句意：毫无疑问毫无疑问,我们将赢得比赛的胜利。我们将赢得比赛的胜利。There is no doubt10.Hutongs are still an important part of Beijing life and _ tourists love the hutongs.10.it is not surprising that.。句意：胡。句意：胡同仍然是北京生活的一个重要的部分同仍然是北京生活的一个重要的部分,难怪游客们喜爱胡同。难怪游客们喜爱胡同。it is not surprising that Many of us in developed societies are trapped in a spending circle.We work hard so that we can earn more money.When we have more money,we spend more and 1_ we spend more,we have to work even harder.1.because。根据上下文可知。根据上下文可知,空格处后面的空格处后面的前一分句是原因状语从句前一分句是原因状语从句,故用故用because引导。引导。becauseBut strangely enough,the more money we earn,the2_often we see it.Instead,we start putting our 3_ (sign)on credit cards and spending money we dont even have.2.less。根据句型。根据句型the more.the more/the less.可可知。知。3.signatures。在形容词性物主代词后面用名词形。在形容词性物主代词后面用名词形式式,signature是可数名词是可数名词,而且而且,要签上的名字不要签上的名字不止一次。止一次。lesssignaturesBesides,were all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those 4_ govern us.4.who。先行词。先行词those指代人指代人,引导词在引导词在定语从句中作主语。定语从句中作主语。whoThus,the circle 5_(go)round and round and gets more and more 6_(complicate).5.goes。并列连词。并列连词(and)所连接的是相同的词所连接的是相同的词类、时态、结构等。类、时态、结构等。plicated。more加多音节形容词的原级。加多音节形容词的原级。goescomplicated In this spending circle,on the one hand,We accumulate possessions but never feel like we have enough.On the 7_ hand,we work towards the ownership of bigger and better houses and cars and never have time to enjoy 8_.7.other。on(the)one hand,.on the other hand短短语搭配。语搭配。8.them。指代前文的。指代前文的(bigger and better)houses and cars。otherthem Instead,they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay 9_ them.9.for。pay for为固定搭配。为固定搭配。forAnd the result of all this?Not increased happiness,10_ stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.（M P.34）10.but。not.but.搭配搭配,意思是意思是“不是不是而是而是”。but1.If I _(be)a bird,I could fly to you right now.1.were。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,条件句谓语动词用过去式条件句谓语动词用过去式,be用用were。were2.You didnt let me drive.If we _(drive)in turn,you wouldnt have got so tired.2.had driven。与过去事实相反的虚拟语。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气气,条件句谓语动词用条件句谓语动词用had过去分词。过去分词。had driven3.If he had seen the movie Beauty and the Beast ,he_(tell)us all about it.3.would have told。与过去事实相反的。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气虚拟语气,主句谓语动词用主句谓语动词用would/should/could/mighthave过去过去分分词。分分词。would have told4.If they_(come)next weekend,they could take the metro.4.should come。与将来事实相反的虚拟。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气语气,条件句谓语动词用条件句谓语动词用should动词动词原形原形,be用用were to动词原形。动词原形。should come5.If it_(be to)rain tomorrow,they would not go out.5.were to。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，。与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句谓语可用条件句谓语可用were to动词原形。动词原形。were to6.How I wish every family_(have)a large house with a beautiful garden!6.had。在动词。在动词wish后面的宾语从句中后面的宾语从句中,谓语谓语常用过去式来表示现在的情况常用过去式来表示现在的情况,用过去完成用过去完成时表示过去的情况时表示过去的情况,用用“would/should/could/might动词原形动词原形”表示将来的情况。表示将来的情况。had7.I would rather you _(do)it now.7.did。在。在would rather 后面的宾语从句后面的宾语从句中中,谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况的情况,用过去完成时表示过去的情况。用过去完成时表示过去的情况。did8.Id rather you _(not,tell)me the truth.8.hadnt told。用过去完成时表示过去。用过去完成时表示过去的情况。的情况。hadnt told9.The experts suggested that the source of all food supplies _(be,examine)strictly_.9.(should)be,examined。在。在demand,insist,suggest,order,request等动词后面的宾语从等动词后面的宾语从句中句中,谓语通常用谓语通常用“should动词原形动词原形”或或只用动词原形来表示愿望、建议、命令、请只用动词原形来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。求等。should beexamined10.I think you_(ought to,tell)your parents that you are out in the park with your friends.10.ought to tell。向别人提出建议时。向别人提出建议时,要使要使“建议建议”听上去语气略强时听上去语气略强时,使用下列结构：使用下列结构：I think you should 动词原形动词原形,或者或者 I think you ought to 动词原形。动词原形。ought to tellThe story happened on Childrens Day in 2009.While I was doing shopping,I 1 _a lady with a mobile phone carrying on a very serious conversation.本文讲述了作者在一次困境中遇上了好心人。本文讲述了作者在一次困境中遇上了好心人。1.A。notice意为意为“注意到；觉察到注意到；觉察到”；watch指指“观看观看”；observe指指“仔细观察仔细观察”；find则通常指有意识地则通常指有意识地“发现；找到发现；找到”。A.noticed By the time I 2_ the goods I wanted to buy to the 3_,she too was in line behind me.2.B。句意：把想买的东西拿去结账。句意：把想买的东西拿去结账。3.C。checkout指的是商场或超市中的指的是商场或超市中的“收银台收银台”。B.brought C.checkout I didnt think 4_of her and went to pay my 5_.4.A。在否定句和疑问句中。在否定句和疑问句中,通常使用通常使用anything。5.D。pay ones bill或或pay the bill搭配搭配,意为：意为：“结账结账”。A.anything D.bill Since food stamps(食物补贴券食物补贴券)are only for food,my 6_ balance was only$60 for my non-food items.6.A。根据句意。根据句意,要填入一个表示要填入一个表示“余额余额”的意思的词的意思的词,所以填入所以填入remaining 适当。适当。A.remaining I opened my wallet and 7_ that I did not have my credit card with me.7.B。根据上下文的逻辑可知：打开钱包。根据上下文的逻辑可知：打开钱包发现没带信用卡。发现没带信用卡。B.found All of a 8_ I realized that I had left it at home after9_ it to pay my phone bill.8.B。all of a sudden搭配搭配,意为意为“突然突然”。9.C。意义：用来支付电话费之后。意义：用来支付电话费之后。B.sudden C.using So I 10 _outside to ask my friend Sharon if she had money I could 11_.12_,she did not have any extra money with her.10.C。用。用rush更能体现出事情的突然和心情的焦急更能体现出事情的突然和心情的焦急,而不是其他动作。而不是其他动作。11.B。作者要向朋友借钱。作者要向朋友借钱,而不是把钱借给朋友。而不是把钱借给朋友。12.D。表示未能如作者所愿。表示未能如作者所愿。C.rushed B.borrow D.Unfortunately As I came back to ask the 13_ if I could go home to get my money and come back,she told me the lady behind me had paid my$60 bill.13.A。由前文的可知。由前文的可知,问的是收银员问的是收银员,而不是其他人。而不是其他人。A.cashier I was amazed and 14 _for her helping me out.As a matter of fact,there IS somebody who is 15_ and helpful in our society.14.B。陌生人为自己付款。陌生人为自己付款,解决了自己的难解决了自己的难题题,作者肯定是很感激帮助自己的人了作者肯定是很感激帮助自己的人了,所所以以B正确。正确。15.D。好善乐施的人一定是。好善乐施的人一定是kind(and helpful)。B.grateful D.kind 本文作者谈的是其本人在外旅游的本文作者谈的是其本人在外旅游的一次经历一次经历,发生在一个视外地人为客人发生在一个视外地人为客人的地方。的地方。I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains.The sun was setting when my car 31_(break)down near a remote village.31.broke。由全文可知这是叙述过去的经历。由全文可知这是叙述过去的经历,用一般过去式；再说用一般过去式；再说was/were doing.when.did.是一个固定句型是一个固定句型,when后面的句子的谓后面的句子的谓语用一般过去时语用一般过去时,表示表示“正在做某事正在做某事,就在就在这个时候发生了另一事这个时候发生了另一事”。brokeCursing my misfortune,I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 _should have the honour of receiving me 33_ a guest in their house.32.who。引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语。引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语,可知可知“有幸接待我有幸接待我”的应是表示人的的应是表示人的who。33.as。意为。意为“把我当作客人把我当作客人”来接待。来接待。whoasFinally,I accepted the offer of an old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me 34_(settle)into a tiny but clean room,34.settled。由。由settle sb into/in/on.(使某人舒服地使某人舒服地处于某处处于某处)可知可知,me与与settle是被动关系是被动关系,要用过去要用过去分词用宾补。又如：分词用宾补。又如：A nurse settled the old man into a chair.护士让那位老人舒舒服服地坐在椅子上。护士让那位老人舒舒服服地坐在椅子上。settledthe head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35_ small town some 20 kilometres away 36 _ there was a garage.35.a。指将车拉到离那里大约有。指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的公里远的“一个一个小镇小镇”。表示。表示“一个一个”,用不定冠词。用不定冠词。36.where。先行词是。先行词是a small town,并在定语从句中并在定语从句中作状语作状语,用用where(=in which)引导定语从句。注意引导定语从句。注意,先行词与定语从句被先行词与定语从句被some 20 kilometres away隔开隔开了。了。awhereI had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.37_ villagers brought me goats cheese and honey.37.。拿。拿goats cheese and honey来给我来给我的应是的应是“其他的其他的”村民。村民。OtherWe drank together and talked 38_(merry)till far into the night.38.merrily。修饰动词。修饰动词talked作状语作状语,应应用副词用副词merrily。merrilyWhen the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman 39_ the trouble I had caused 40_.But she refused.39.for。表示。表示“因因而酬谢某人而酬谢某人”是是reward sb for sth.。40.her。因。因(that)I had caused是定语从句是定语从句,先行词是先行词是trouble,代表先行词代表先行词trouble的关系代词的关系代词that在从句中作宾在从句中作宾语语,被省略了；由搭配被省略了；由搭配cause sb.trouble,可知可知,填填her。forher41.What was the most probable cause for Lisas weakness?A.She had run a long way.B.She felt hot in the subway.C.She had done a 1ot of work.D.She had donated blood the night before.D本文主要讲述利萨在地铁铁轨边晕倒被救的故事。本文主要讲述利萨在地铁铁轨边晕倒被救的故事。41.D。细节理解题。由第一段坐倒数第。细节理解题。由第一段坐倒数第二句二句Lisa felt weak and tiredmaybe it hadnt been a good idea to give blood the night before可知。可知。42.Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend?A.Because they would miss their train.B.Because he didnt see the train coming.C.Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift.D.Because she was afraid the train would kill him.D42.D。由最后一段最后一句。由最后一段最后一句I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die可知。可知。43.How did Frank save Lisa?A.By lifting her to the platform.B.By helping her rise to her feet.C.By pulling her along the ground.D.By dragging her away from the edge.43.A。细节理解题。由第三段第二句。细节理解题。由第三段第二句he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform.可知。可知。A44.When did Lisa become conscious again?A.When the train was leaving.B.After she was back on the platform.C.After the police and fire officials came.D.When a man was cleaning the blood from her head.B44.B。由倒数第三段的第二和第三句可。由倒数第三段的第二和第三句可知。知。She was just out.But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge.That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness,felt herself being pulled along the ground,and saw someone else holding her purse.45.The passage is intended to A.warn us of the danger in the subwayB.show us how to save people in the subwayC.tell us about a subway rescueD.report a traffic accident45.C。写作目的题。写作目的或告诉人们一个事实。写作目的题。写作目的或告诉人们一个事实或给人得到某种教育或让人娱乐或给人得到某种教育或让人娱乐,本文只是告诉我本文只是告诉我们一个在地铁救人的一个事实。们一个在地铁救人的一个事实。C I have a friend Monty Roberts who has a horse ranch(牧马场牧马场)in San Ysidro.When he was a senior,he was asked to write a paper about what he wanted to be and do when he grew up.The next day he handed it in to the teacher.On the front was a large red F.The boy with the dream asked,“Why did I receive an F?”The teacher said,“This is an unrealistic dream for a young boy like you.You have no money.You come from an itinerant(四处奔波四处奔波的的)family.You have no resources.Owning a horse ranch requires a lot of money.You have to buy the land.You have to pay for the original breeding stock and later youll have to pay large stud fees.Theres no way you could ever do it.”He stated,“You can keep the F and Ill keep my dream.”The best part of the story is that two summers ago that same schoolteacher brought 30 kids to camp out on his ranch for a week.When the teacher was leaving,he said,“Look,Monty,I can tell you this now.When I was your teacher,I was something of a dream stealer.During those years I stole a lot of kids dreams.Fortunately you had enough belief not to give up yours.”写作内容写作内容学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动,你参加其你参加其中的中的“坚守信念坚守信念”的讨论。读完的讨论。读完Monty Roberts的的故事之后故事之后,你准备写一份发言稿你准备写一份发言稿,题目是题目是“Hold on to Ones Belief”,内容要点包括：内容要点包括：1.以约以约30个词概括个词概括Monty Roberts的成长故事；的成长故事；2.然后以约然后以约120个词谈谈你对坚守信念的看法个词谈谈你对坚守信念的看法,内内容包括：容包括：(1)坚守信念对一个人成长的重要性；坚守信念对一个人成长的重要性；（2)举例子论证举例子论证“坚守信念能使梦想成真坚守信念能使梦想成真”；(3)你的结论。你的结论。写作要求写作要求在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚在作文中可以使用自己亲身的经历或虚构的故事构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子。但不得直接引用原文