大学外贸英语第三版第一课电子教案.ppt

Chapter1TheGlobalEconomicCrisisDefinitionItreferstoworld-wideeconomicslowdownorrecession.Someeconomistsalsoregardglobaleconomiccrisisasdeterioratingeconomicconditionsonaworld-widescale.1.Global全球的globe地球Globe,earth和world的区别：globe:指我们生活的地球，但强调其实体和圆形。earth:指表面有陆地和水，人类所居住行星的名字。有时与“天”相对，泛指地”。world:通常相当于earth与globe，现多用指地球，地球上的世界，社会和人。2.Definition定义Definev.给下定义HowtodefinetheGreatCulturalRevolutionisdifficult3.Referto=mean,indicate指的是Unemploymentreferstolosingonesjob.refertoas=regard.as.WeshouldntrefertoChinaasapowerfulcountry.4.Slowdown=recession衰退Thereissignthattherecessionhasbottomedout.有迹象表明萧条已达最低点。经济衰退的指标：如果一年连续两个季度国内生产总值（GDP）出现衰退。5.Deterioratinga.恶化的Deterioratedtrretv.=worsen恶化Deteriorationn.恶化Therearefearsthatthesituationmightdeteriorateintofull-scalewar.人们担心局势会恶化为全面战争。6.Onaworld-widescale在世界范围内Scalen.规模，范围Thescaleofurbanizationisimpressive.城市化的规模令人印象深刻。Manypeoplebelievethecurrentglobalslowdown,toalargeextent,wasofAmericanmaking,whichbeganfirstinAmericaintheformoffinancialcrisisinSeptember2008thenquicklyspreadtothefourcornersoftheworld.1.Toalargeextent.在很大程度上toagreatdegreeinalargepartToalargeextenttheytakewhattheyseetobetheworld.在很大程度上，他们全盘接受他们所看到的，认为那就是真实的世界。2.OfAmericanmaking=madebyAmerica是美国制造的of+n.=adj.ofveryimportance=veryimportantThetensionofChina-JapanrelationshipisofAmericanmaking.3.Intheformof以的形式、方式HeoftenExperienceslifeintheformofnature.他经常以自然的形式体验生活。4.Spreadtov.扩散到，蔓延到Witnessessaidatablecaughtfire,andflamesthenspreadtothebuilding.目击者说，一张桌子开始起火，然后火焰蔓延到整幢建筑。5.Thefourcornersoftheworldn.全世界Allovertheworldadv.全世界Spreadtothefourcornersoftheworld=SpreadallovertheworldIllustrationPlungeinhousingindustry.Housingmarkets,esp.thoseintheU.S.areindeeptrouble.Therewas16.8%plungeinhousingstartsinJanuary2008intheU.S.1.Illustrationn.说明，解释Illustratev.explain,demonstrate说明Heexplainedthathehadbeencheated.2.Plungeinv.fallinto陷入Theeconomyhasplungedinadeepmire.经济已经陷入深深的泥潭。3.Housingindustry房屋建筑业realestate房地产Housing和house的区别Housing住房集合名词House房子个体名词Housingprice租房价格Houseprice房子价格4.Deeptrouble=hotwater困境Syria(叙利亚)isinhotwaternow.5.Plungen.猛跌TheplungeinhousepriceisadreamofcommonChinese.5.Housingstart房屋建造开工率、新房开工率新房开工率上升说明经济繁荣、市场兴旺。Reducedordelayedforeigndirectinvest-mentCreditcrunchinmanyacountryShrinkageofconsumerspendingDecliningstockmarkets1.Reducev.decrease减少Consumptionisbeingreducedby25percent.消费下降了25个百分点。2.Delayv.putoff推迟Delayingretirementageisabadchoice.延迟退休年龄一糟糕的选择。3.Foreigndirectinvestment外国(对外)直接投资：在投资人以外的国家所经营的企业拥有持续利益的一种投资，其目的在于对该企业的经营管理具有发言权。对外间接投资：指投资者通过金融渠道向另一国投入资金，以获取利益的活动。投资者不参与对拥有股份或债权的企业的经营管理，对企业经营无控制权。具体方式如：(1)购买外国企业的股票；(2)购买一国政府或企业的债券。4.Creditcrunch信贷紧缩；信用危机crunchn.危急情况；经济收缩Thecreditcrunchalmostplungedtheworldintodepression.信用危机几乎让全球都陷入了萧条。4.Creditcrunch信贷紧缩；信用危机crunchn.危急情况；经济收缩Thecreditcrunchalmostplungedtheworldintodepression.信用危机几乎让全球都陷入了萧条。5.Manyacountry=manycountries意义一样，用法不同。Manyacountryisbecomingricherandricher.Manycountriesarepoorerandpoorer.6.Shrinkagen.收缩7.Declininga.下滑的，下降的8.Stockmarket股票市场Share股份Stock股票Thestockmarkethasarisk,investmentwantsdiscretion!Sharprisesinunemploymentrate,particularlyintherateofyouthunemployment.IntheU.S.,unemploymentrateisaround10%.Ballooningbudgetdeficitsinthedevelopmentcountries.AmuchsmallernumberofinternationaltouristsduetothenegativeimpactsofthepandemicoftheswinefluorH1N1fluduring2009.Richpopulationinthedevelopmentcountrieshasfallenby25%.Asaresult,thesalesofluxuriesarealsoonthedecline.1.Sharprise迅速上升ThesharpdropspurredtheBrazilianauthoritiesintoaction.这种急剧下跌促使巴西有关部门采取行动。2.Ballooninga.膨胀的Balloonn.气球v.膨胀Thebudgetdeficithasballoonedto$25billion.预算赤字已经猛增到250亿美元。3.budgetdeficit预算赤字fiscaldeficit财政赤字4.Negativeimpactn.消极影响positive积极的5.Pandemicpndemkn.plaguepleig传染病Theyfearedanewcholerapandemic.他们担心新一轮的霍乱大流行。6.Swineflu猪流感Swinefluisspreadingacrosstheworld.猪流感正在向全世界蔓延。Swine令人讨厌的猪Hog贪婪的猪7.Luxuryn.奢侈品十大顶级名表奢侈品牌排行榜奢侈品牌排行榜：欧米茄、积家、伯爵、江诗丹顿、劳力士、卡地亚、爱彼、万国、宝玑、百达翡丽8.Onthedecline在衰退中，在减弱中Sheisonthedecline,andmaydiesoon.她的健康每况愈下，可能不久于人世。SlowingdownincountriesGDPgrowth.Chinahasstoppedenjoyingdouble-digitgrowthbeginningfromthesecondhalfof2008.butverylikelyitwouldachieve8%GDPgrowthbytheendof2009.1.double-digitgrowth双位数的增长Grow-growthBreathe-breathDie-deathTrue-truth2.Achievev.获得Achievementn.获得Archiven.档案Acompletearchiveofalltipsisavailablehere.所有技巧的完整存档可在此处获得。CausesAccordingtotheStatementfromG20SummitreleasedinApril2009,therootcausesofthecurrenteconomiccrisiscanbesummarizedintothefollowing.1.Statement=declaration声明2.Rootcausen.basicreason根本原因3.Summarizev.总结Isummarizethesediscussionsbystressingthreefactors.我用三点来总结这个讨论。1.Duringaperiodofstrongglobalgrowth,growingcapitalflows,andprolongedstabilityearlierthisdecade,marketparticipantssoughthigheryieldswithoutanadequateappreciationofrisksandfailedtoexerciseproperduediligence.1.Growingcapitalflows日益增长的资本流动2.Prolongedstability长期的稳定aprolongedperiodoflowinterestrates.长期的低利率3.Participantn.参与者participatev.参加Theyexpectedhimtoparticipateintheceremony.他们希望他参加典礼。Youareexpectedtobeanactiveparticipant.你应该成为积极的参与者。4.Highyieldn.高收益Insteadofhighyield,theygotwaterandairpollution.他们没有得到高产量，却造成了水污染和空气污染。5.Appreciationn.评估Appreciate=assess,estimate评估6.Failtodosth.未能做某事7.Exercisev.运用Youcanexerciseyourrightasacitizen.你能行使公民权利。8.Properduediligence恰当的应有的谨慎Failtoexerciseduediligence没能做到应有的谨慎。Atthesametime,weakunderwritingstandards,unsoundmanagementpractices,increasinglycomplexandopaquefinancialproducts,andconsequentexcessiveleveragecombinedtocreatevulnerabilitiesinthesystem.1.underwritingstandards承保标准，保险标准，即需多少钱加入保险2.unsoundmanagementpractices不健全的管理行为Greekfiscalpolicyhadbeenunsound.希腊的财政政策一直都不健全的。3.increasinglycomplexandopaquefinancialproducts日益增多的、复杂的、不透明的金融理财产品银行人民币理财产品大致可分为债券型、信托型、挂钩型及QDII型。QDII型人民币理财产品，简单说，即是客户将手中的人民币资金委托给合格商业银行，由合格商业银行将人民币资金兑换成美元，直接在境外投资，到期后将美元收益及本金结汇成人民币后分配给客户的理财产品。4.Opaque=nottransparentMainlandchinasmarketsarenotoriouslyopaqueandspeculative.中国内地股市的不透明与投机性强是出了名的。5.consequentexcessiveleverage随之发生的过度影响Excessive过度的excessn.过度exceedv.超越Demandbegantoexceedsupply.开始供不应求。5.Leveragen.influenceTheeurozonecrisishasonlyincreasedchinasleverage.欧元区危机只会让中国的影响力进一步膨胀。6.Combinev.合起来其前面的并列成分为主语Twopartieswillcombinetodefeatthethird.两党派将联合以击败第三党。7.Vulnerabilityn.弱点、缺陷Vulnerablea.有弱点的；脆弱的有弱点的；脆弱的Achilleswasvulnerableonlyinhisheel.阿基里斯只有脚后跟会受伤害。Policy-makers,regulatorsandsupervisorsinsomeadvancedcountries,didnotadequatelyappreciateandaddresstherisksbuildingupinfinancialmarkets,keeppacewithfinancialinnovation,ortakeintoaccountthesystemicramificationsofdomesticregulatoryactions.1.Policy-makers政策制定者decisionmaker决策者exam-taker考生2.Regulatorn.监管机构3.Supervisorn.管理者4.Addressv.dealwith处理MediafirmshavebarelybeguntoaddresssuchProblems.媒体公司几乎没有着手处理此类问题。5.Buildupv.逐步建立6.Keeppacewithv.与保持同步Theycantkeeppacewiththedemand.他们跟不上市场需求的发展。7.financialinnovation金融创新对现金的影响随着电子技术的日益成熟，电子货币的发展将会成为货币的主流。经济体之间的借贷、消费、转帐等将无一不是通过网络进行结算，支票和现金结算将逐步减少。8.takeintoaccountv.consider考虑Thefirsttotakeintoaccountisyourownsafety,notyourmoney.首先应考虑的是您自己的安全，而不是金钱。9.Ramification后果；衍生物consequence10.regulatoryactions管理行为systemicramificationsofdomesticregulatoryactions国内管理行为的系统性的后果11.Didnot后面出现了三组动词2.Majorunderlyingfactorstothecurrentsituationwere,amongothers,inconsistentandinsufficientlycoordinatedmacroeconomicpolicies.Inadequatestructuralreforms,whichledtounsustainableglobalmacroeconomicoutcomes.Thesedevelopments,together,contributedtoexcessesandultimatelyresultedinseveremarketdisruption.1.Majora.主要的2.underlyingfactors根本因素Underlyinga.fundamental根本的3.amongothers其中；尤其；除了别的之外其中；尤其；除了别的之外It(amongothers)isfast,efficient,andinexpensive.它尤其的快，有效，而且便宜。4.Inconsistenta.不一致的，前后矛盾的5.insufficientlycoordinateda.不协调的6.macroeconomicpolicies宏观经济政策Macroeconomy宏观经济microeconomy微观经济7.structuralreform体制改革结构改革Economicstructuralreform经济结构改革目前单纯依赖扩大基础设施投资拉动经济，势必加剧结构失衡；而继续吹大房地产泡沫，也只会增加宏观经济的风险。结构改革的迫切性加大。8.Unsustainablea.不可持续的Sustainable可持续的Butdontconfusefastgrowthwithsustainablegrowth.但是不能把快速增长和可持续增长混为一谈9.contributetov.有助于，加剧leadto=resultin导致Theymaycontributetopreventingseveredisease.他们有助于预防严重疾病Thatcanleadtoseriouscon-sequences.这会导致严重的后果。3.NegativeimpactsofswinefluorpandemicofH1N1Virusonaglobalscale.1.Virusvarsn.病毒病毒Thevirushasinfectedtheoperatingsystemofhiscomputer.病毒已使他的计算机操作系统受到传染。WaysofCombatingtheCrisisTostimulatetheflaggingworldeconomy,batv.fightagainst与战斗Wemustcombatourownshortcomingsanderrors.我们必须与自己的缺点和错误做斗争。2.Flagginga.shrinking衰退的3.Takeaction采取行动takedefensiveaction采取防御性行动takedecisiveaction采取果断行动Thoseactions,assaidintheG20SummitStatementare:1.Providingliquidityincludinghelpingemerginganddevelopingeconomiesgainaccesstofinanceincurrentdifficultfinancialconditionssoastounfreezecreditmarkets.1.20国集团是一个国际经济合作论坛，于1999年12月16日在德国柏林成立。20国集团的成员国有：美国、中国、欧盟、英国、法国、德国、俄罗斯、日本、印度、阿根廷、澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大、印度尼西亚、意大利、韩国、墨西哥、沙特阿拉伯、南非、土耳其。2.Liquidity流动性，偿债能力3.Emergingeconomy新兴经济体新兴经济体，是指某一国家或地区经济蓬勃发展，成为新兴的经济实体。目前并没有一个准确的定义。英国经济学家将新兴经济体分成两个梯队：第一梯队为中国、巴西、印度和俄罗斯，也称“金砖四国”；第二梯队包括墨西哥、韩国、南非、波兰、土耳其、哈萨克斯坦、埃及等“新钻”国家。Brics金砖5国Brazil,Russia,India,China,SouthAfrica.Kazakhstan,ka:za:ksta:n哈萨克斯坦Belarusbelrs白俄罗斯白俄罗斯Uzbekistanuz,bekist:n乌兹别克斯坦4.developingeconomies发展中经济体发展中经济体也称为发展中国家，通常是指那些经济社会通常是指那些经济社会发展和人民生活水平相对较低，尚处于从传发展和人民生活水平相对较低，尚处于从传统农业社会向现代工业社会转变过程中的国统农业社会向现代工业社会转变过程中的国家。家。1995标准：按人均国民生产总值分三类：标准：按人均国民生产总值分三类：-765-1000-3000美元美元5.gainaccessto取得使用取得使用机会；有接近机会；有接近的权利的权利6.Unfreezev.使解冻7.creditmarkets信贷市场信贷市场的主要功能是调剂暂时性或长期的资金余缺，促进国民经济的发展2.Strengtheningthecapitaloffinancialinstitutions.3.Protectingsavingsanddepositsofthepeopleandenterprises.4.Addressingregulatorydeficienciesbyenhancingsoundregulation1.Strengthenv.加强Russiastillneedstostrengthenprotectionofpropertyrights.俄罗斯仍需加强对财产权的保护。2.financialinstitutions金融机构3.savingsanddeposits储蓄与存款savingdeposits储蓄存款4.regulatorydeficiencies监管不足5.enhancev.提高，增强Thecandlelightenhancedherbeauty.烛光使她显得更美。6.soundregulation健全的管理5.Ensuringthatinternationalfinancialinstitutionscanprovidecriticalsupportfortheglobaleconomy.6.Reforminginternationalfinancialinstitutionsbyenablingthepoorestcountriestohaveagreatervoiceandrepresentation.1.criticalsupport关键的支持2.haveagreatervoiceandrepresentation有更大的发言权和更多的代表Representative代表，特指representation代表，泛指SheistherepresentativeofChinainthemeeting.Chinahasnorepresentationinthemeeting.7.Usingbothfiscalandmonetarymeasurestostimulatedomesticdemandwhilemaintainingapolicyframeworkconducivetofiscalstability.1.Fiscal国库的，财政的financial金融的，财政的fiscaldeficit财政赤字fiscaltaxation财政税收Financialcrisis金融危机FinancialAccounting财务会计；金融会计2.policyframework政策框架3.Beconducivetoa.有益于，有助于Androidsopenecosystemismoreconducivetomalware.安卓开放的软件生态系统更有助于恶意软件的滋生。8.EnsuringthattheIMFandWorldBankandotherinfluentialfinancialinstitutionshavesufficientresourcestocontinueplayingtheirroleinovercomingthecurrentworldeconomiccrisis.1.IMF国际货币基金组织（InternationalMonetaryFund）2.sufficienta.enough,ample足够的efficient有效率的；有能力的；生效的anefficientlearningway3.playonesrolein发挥作用Playapartin参与；起作用；扮演角色4.Overcomev.conquer克服overcomesetbacks战胜挫折overcomeproblems解决问题overcomebureaucracy克服官僚主义9.Reinforcinginternationalcooperationinthefieldofworldeconomicdevelopment10.Steppingupfinancialsupervisionandregulation11.Fightingallsortsoftradeprotectionism.1.Reinforcev.strengthen加强Hereinforcedhisargumentwithmanyfacts.他用很多事实进一步证实了他的论点。2.Stepupv.提高，增强Theirsalarieshavebeenmuchsteppedup.他们的工资已大大提高了。3.Tradeprotectionism贸易保护主义贸易保护主义主张路程经过过程关税和非关税壁垒阻止异国产品步入本国市场,以保护本国产业的主张和政策TheWorldEconomicOutlookfor2009andbeyondDuetosubstantialslowdownintheworldsmajoreconomies,theglobaloutlookfor2009hasweakened,fullofuncertainties,inspiteofsomegoodsignsofslightrecoveryandslowingeconomiccontractionintheU.S.andsomeotheradvancedcountriessincethestartofthesecondhalfof2009.1.Outlook展望2.Beyond及以后3.Substantiala.verybigsubstantialshareholder大股东；主要股东4.Inspiteof尽管Hewasthereonthestrokeinspiteoftherain.尽管下雨，他还是准时到了。5.Slowinga.放缓的Slowv.放缓a.缓慢的Beforeturning,youshouldslowdownyourcar.转弯前，你得先减速。6.contractionn.萎缩，紧缩economiccontraction经济萎缩TheEnd