人教部编版初中英语中考阅读理解分析及解题策略总结20.pdf

人教部编版初中英语中考阅读理解分析及解题策略总结一、细节理解题细节理解题属浅层次的理解题，难度较低，但它却是中考阅读理解题的主要考查形式，每篇短文后以这类考题居多。解答阅读理解题，细节决定成败，这种说法恰如其分。解答这类题时，我们可以先看题干，推 敲“挖了空的”陈述句中缺少的是什么，或特殊疑问句问的是什么，然后带着这些问题在短文中寻找答案。这样既可以提高做题的准确率，还可以节省宝贵的时间，因为有不少这类题都可以从文章中直接找到答案。例如2018年北京卷阅读理解A篇：Roger：Hi,there!It was my 15th birthday lastSaturday.Some of my friends and Alan,my cousin,cameto celebrate it.Everyone brought me a gift.We playedgames,sang songs and had a big birthday cake.It wasreally a wonderful day!D id you do anything special lastweek?Jessica：Yes,M y class were on a school field triplast week.First,we went to the University of NorthCarolina to learn about the history of its basketballteam.M any basketbal1 stars were students there.Thenwe visited a museum.We learned about how the plane wasinvented and took many pictures there.Sara：Well,I was lucky enough to go to a conference（会议）on charity（慈善）last Wednesday.I was excitedto meet a lot of kind people there.One of them was aboy named Richard.He spoke at the conference about thecharity work that he had done in the past few years.M artin：It was a different week than usual.LastThursday,my school band（乐 队）went to Atlanta toperform in a competition.I played the violin and wewon a prize!On Friday we went to the Georgia Aquariumand got to see different kinds of sea life from overthe world.It was really cool!21.When did Roger have his birthday party?A.Last Wednesday.B.Last Thursday.C.Last Friday.D.Last Saturday.22.Who went on a school field trip last week?A.Alan.B.Jessica.C.Sara.D.Richard.23.M artin went to Atlanta to.A.speak at a conferenceB.organize a partyC.perforin in a competitionD.visit a university【解析】本篇的三道题都是细节理解题，在短文中可以直接找到答案。在Roger”这一段中,第二句和第三句It was my 15thbirthday last Saturday.Some of my friends and Alan,my cousin,came to celebrate it.表明，举行生日宴会的时间是last Saturday,故第21题应选择D项。在Jessica”这一段中，第一句Yes,M y class wereon a school field trip last week.是选择答案的依据，故第22题应选择B项。在“M artin”这一段中，第 二 句Last Thursday,myschool band（乐队）went to Atlanta to perform in acompetition.”中的 to Atlanta to perform in acompetition与C项所给的内容一模一样，故第23题应选择C项。二、词义猜测题词义猜测题主要通过考查文中某个陌生单词的意义来考查考生对陌生词所在上下文的理解。这类题在试题中让考生猜测画线单词的汉语意思，或是猜测画线单词的英语意思（相当于词语的英语释义）。解答这类试题时，首先要在文中找出其所在位置，然后根据上下文来推测该词的实际含义。通常情况下，词义猜测题可以在紧靠该词前后的句子或另一个词语中找出正确答案。例如2018年云南卷阅读理解A篇：China covers large areas and has a great population.D ifferent living habits have always been an interestingtopic in the country.Recently,another differencebetween southern Chinese and northern Chinese becamea hot one：the way people shop at markets.People from southern China say that they always buywhat they need for just one or two meals.It is normalfor them to buy half of a Chinese cabbage,two potatoesand 0.25 kilograms of beef at a time.However,one may be laughed at if he does this inthe north.Instead,buying vegetables and meat enoughfor a week is usual.Also,you can buy a small amount（数量）of fruit,such as a single apple or pear,eachtime in the south.Shop owners even help you peel andcut them.But shop owners in the north hardly offer suchservice.And many fruits are sold in baskets and boxes.The difference could be due to the differentweather.Food can be kept for a long time in the north,asit is usually cold and dry there.Many northern Chinesehave the habit of storing food,especially for the longwinter.But the hot and wet weather in the south makessouthern Chinese buy just enough food for one meal orone day,or else the food may go bad.51.In southern China,people usually buyat a time.A.a small amount of foodB.a large amount of foodC.enough food for a weekD.a lot of meat and vegetables52.If you buy fruits in the south,the shop ownersmay.A.peel and cut them for youB.laugh at youC.only sell them in boxes and basketsD.only sell a single apple or pear53.Many northern Chinese have the habit of keepingfood because.A.the weather is hot and wetB.food goes bad quicklyC.the weather is cold and dryD.they live far away from markets54.The underlined words“due to mean inChinese.A.所以 B.但是C.然而 D.因为55.Which is the best title for the passage?A.D ifferent Weather in ChinaB.D ifferent Living Habits in ChinaC.Southern Chinese and Northern ChineseD.Southern China and Northern China【解析】第5 4题是词义猜测题。这道题可用翻译句子的方法进行解答。画线单词所在的句子是“The differencecould be due to the different weather.”,句意是：这种差异可能是 不同天气造成的。根据语义逻辑判断，空格处缺少的是“因为/由于“。这表明画线部分due t o的意思应是“因为”，故本题选D项。（另外四道题的答案分别是：51.A 52.A 53.C 55.B）考查词义理解，还有一种词义或词性转换形式。这种题的考查形式是：针对短文中的某个关键词语，在试题中运用同义表达的形式进行考查。例 如2018年北京卷阅读理解B篇:A Beautiful M omentWhen I was in high school,I worked part-timehelping D ad sell fruits and vegetables at a market.Oneday,as I was preparing the fruits,a little boy cameby with his mom and sister.He was about eight yearsold,and the girl,five or six.They were looking atthe fruits in front of me.I heard the kids say to theirmom(in French),Theyre good!”I knew it was Frenchbecause I can speak and understand it.Then I noticed how mom was picking the fruits.Atfirst I thought she was really looking at the fruitsbecause she was facing them.But then I noticed how muchshe had to feel and smell each one as she picked themout.And she often asked her son if it looked okay,butlooked way above where his face was.Putting what I sawtogether,I was sure she was blind.Both of the kids continued to help their mom pickout the fruits.The son made sure the fruits were notobviously bad,and the daughter handed them to her mom.The woman then felt each one and smiled,and thedaughter would put them into their basket.The kids weresmiling while helping their mom pick the fruits out.Their smile and gentle manner moved me in a way thatnever happened before.It was so beautiful to see suchyoung kids so willingly help.Most kids at that agewould be picking out candies or toys in a store forthemselves,instead of helping their mom pick outfruits as the two kids did.It was great to witness the moment,but not so greatbecause I didnt tell the mom how beautiful her childrenwere in their language.This is what I regret to thisday.24.The women and her kids came to the market tobuy.A.fruits B.vegetablesC.candies D.toys25.According to what he saw,the writer was surethe mother couldn,t.A.speak B.seeC.smell D.hear26.The writer was moved because.A.the mother was brave to face her problemsB.the kids were polite and kind to each otherC.the mother was careful in picking out thingsD.the kids were so willing to help their mother【解析】本篇的三道题中有两道采用了词义和词性转换的考查形式。在本文第二段最后一句uPutting what I saw together,I was sure she was b l i n d,中，blind 的意思是“瞎的”,因此在第2 5题中，couldn,t后应填入see。在本文第四段第二句 It was so beautiful to see suchyoung kids so willingly help.中，willingly 是副词,willingly h e l p相当于由形容词willing构成的短语“bewilling to help”，故 第2 6题应选择D项。（本篇 第2 4题的答案是A项。）三、句意猜测题句意猜测题主要是针对文中某个句子而设置，要求考生根据文章内容理解该句所表达的意思。解答这类试题时，首先要在原文找到该句所在的段落，结合上下文理解句意。句意猜测题通常可以通过理解该段落或上下两个段落内容的意思找到正确答案。例如2018年江苏苏州卷阅读理解D篇：D o you know what youd 1 ike to be when you grow up?It takes most people many years to find this out.Forthe young artist Alexandra Nechita,it never reallyseemed to be a question.From the day she began drawingat the age of two,she was an artist.Alexandra Nechita was born in Romania in 1985 andmoved to California when she was still a baby.As alittle child,she loved colouring in her colouringbooks.Her parents hoped she could spend more timeplaying with other children,so they took away hercolouring books.Alexandra began drawing her ownpictures and colouring them in.By the time Alexandra was seven years old,she hadbegun painting with oil paints.When Alexandra took alocal art class,her teacher was amazed at the youngartisfs unusual style of painting.Alexandras work wassimilar in some ways to the paintings by famous artistslike Picasso.These artists did not use a realisticstyle of painting.They allowed their imaginations toplay an important part in their work.The interestingthing was that little Alexandra had never seen the workof these artists.People called her“Little Picasso”.This was a great honour,but Alexandras style ofpainting was all her own.Alexandras first public show was held at a LosAngeles public 1ibrary when she was only eight yearsold.People were amazed at how young Alexandra was,butmostly they loved her imaginative artwork.It did nottake long for Alexandra and her work to become famous.She appeared on television programs and in newspapersand magazines all over the world.The sale of a singlepiece can earn the young artist thousands of dollars.But that is not why Alexandra creates artwork.She justcannot imagine doing anything else that would bring hersuch joy and satisfaction.Today,Alexandra is a full-time artist.She alsoworks to help support the arts in schools.Alexandrais a strong believer in the power of art as a tool ofcommunication and a bridge to building peace throughoutthe world.34.When did Alexandra begin drawing pictures?A.At the age of eight.B.At the age of seven.C.At the age of two.D.In the year of 1985.35.Alexandra was called“Little Picasso,becauseA.she learned to paint from PicassoB.her style of painting was like PicassosC.she was one of Picassos big fansD.her style of painting was unusual36.What can we learn from the underlined sentencein Paragraph 4?A.Only painting can make her so happy andsatisfied.B.Only money can make her so happy and satisfied.C.Anything can make her feel happy and satisfied.D.Nothing can make her feel happy and satisfied.37.According to the passage,which word can bestdescribe Alexandra?A.Polite.B.Generous.C.Patient.D.Creative.【解析】第 3 6 题是句意猜测题。这道题可用翻译句子的方法进行解答。画线句子是“She just cannot imaginedoing anything else that would bring her such joy andsatisfaction.,句意是：她无法想象做任何其他的事能给她带来如此的快乐和满足。根据句意，我们可以看出它的言下之意是“只有绘画能使她如此的快乐和满足”，这个意思正好与 A 项“Only painting can make her so happy andsatisfied.”的意思完全吻合，故本题应选择A 项。（另外三道题的答案分别是：34.C 35.B 37.D)四、识图解意题识图解意题要求考生就文章提供的图表或图片，通过形象化思维，将其传递出的信息用语言表达出来。解答这类试题时，首先要细心阅读图表或图片，准确理解它们的寓意，把文章与图表或图片结合起来相互参照，然后验证它们之间的概念是否一致。例如2018年山东东营卷阅读理解C篇：When you feel a sneeze（喷嚏）or cough coming on,covering your mouth prevents the spread of germs（细菌）.You probably knew that.But how to cover your mouth is very important.Youmight use tissues（纸巾），and put your used tissues intothe bin.If you don t have tissues,you should sneezeinto your elbow,not your hand,even if you are usedto doing that.The doctors advised.“If somebody sneezes into his hands,those germswill be passed on to other people,or other objects thatpeople touch.said D r.Hill.Germs are most commonly spread by sneezing andcoughing.When they land on your hands,they are passedfrom hands to things 1 ike bills,door knobs（扶 手），elevator buttons（电梯按钮）and other surfaces.At thesame time,the people around you can touch them.This isn,t nagging（唠叨）.The Centers for D iseaseControl also suggest that sneezing and coughing intoyour elbow is necessary.Even the New York City subwayofficers ask the passengers to,cough or sneeze intoelbow or use a tissue.”“The suggestion was taken seriously about 10 yearsago.However,most people didnt pay much attention toit.That means the adults may have missed the advice.But children are often taught in school the right wayto cough or sneeze.D r.Benjamin said.To be clear,people can,t keep away from all therisks in this way,but it s the best choice.At thesame time,we d better wear masks（口 罩）and often washour hands.Hand washing is one of the most importantthings people can do to keep healthy.D r.Hill said.46.According to this passage,when sneezing orcoughing,youd better NOT.A.sneeze into your elbowB.cover your mouth with tissuesC.use your hand to cover mouthD.put the used tissues in the bin47.If you sneeze or cough into hands,germs canspread through the following activities E X C E P T.48.Which is NOT true according to the passage?A.The New York City subway officers ask passengersto use a tissue.B.The adult may be used to sneezing into theirelbow.C.The children are often taught in school the rightway to cough or sneeze.D.Wearing masks is a good way to keep away fromgerms.49.Whats the main purpose of this a r t i c l e?.A.To tell us the correct way to cover mouth whensneezing or coughing.B.To tell us how to prevent the spread of germs.C.To tell us ifs necessary to sneeze or cough intoelbow.D.To tell us how to keep away from all risks.50.In which layout（版面）of the newspaper can wefind this kind of p a s s a g e?.A.Health B.SportsC.BusinessD.Education【解析】第4 7题是识图解意题。本文第三段提到，细菌主要通过打喷嚏和咳嗽传播。当喷嚏的液体粘到手上，而手又接触到钱币、扶手、电梯按钮或其他物体的表面时，周围的人就有可能接触到。所给的四幅图中，按电梯按钮、握手、接触门把手均属传播细菌的途径，唯有洗手不在此列，故 本 题 选Do解答本题一定要看清题干中是否有EXCEPT（除之外）。（另外四道题的答案分别是：46.C 48.B 49.B 50.A）五、词句排序题词句排序题是将短文或文中某个段落的内容在题目中打乱顺序，要求考生重新排序。题中所给的内容可能是单词，也可能是句子。解答这类试题，首先要仔细阅读原文，理出这些词语或句子在文中出现的先后顺序，然后按此顺序在试题中寻找出对应的选项。这类题看上去有些繁琐，但只要有耐心，找出正确答案并不太难。这类试题的题干通常是“Theright order of.is./Which of the four isthe right order for.?”例 如2 0 1 8年山东东营卷阅读理解B篇：“You have saved my horse,“Queen Olivia told theyoung boy standing before her.Now you shall get a giftfor what you did.Peter nervously ran his fingersthrough his brown hair.That day when he was workingin the field,the shocked horse ran past him.Withoutthinking,he rushed out and controlled it.He didntknow it was the Queens horse and never expected to geta gift.But he still felt happy for getting one.Two of the queen,s men appeared.One carried amirror.Red jewels（珠宝）shone on top of the mirror,s silver frame（框架）.The other carried a wooden cagewith a chicken inside it.“Only one gift can be yours,“the queen said.“Choose wisely.”Thats easy,“Peter said.Ill takethe chicken.Some of the queens men laughed.It wasclear that they thought he had made a foolish choice.“And why did you choose the chicken?the queenasked.Well,I dont know much about jewels,“Peteranswered.But I do know about chickens.The chickenwill provide eggs for my family for a long while.”Queen Olivia smiled.Then you did make a wisechoice,“she said.That mirror may look beautiful.Butthe jewels you see are only colored glass,and the frameis painted silver.The chicken is much more valuable.Peter took the chicken and bowed.Thank you,yourmajesty.”“You are a smart child,“the queen added.I coulduse a smart boy to help take care of my horses.Wouldyou like to take the job?Peter smiled.Thank you verymuch!he said excitedly.A job at the castle paid well.Now his family wouldnt worry about their food anymore-all because he was kind to help others and smartenough to make the right choice!41.The Queen gave Peter a gift b e c a u s e.A.he saved her horseB.he was smartC.she liked himD.he was poor42.Peter decided to choose the.A.jewels B.mirrorC.chicken D.silver frame43.From Para.3一5,we can know that.A.it was difficult for Peter to make the choiceB.al 1 the men thought Peters decision was rightC.Peter thought the chicken would be useful to hisfamilyD.Peter knew the jewels werent real before he madethe choice44.The right order of Peters story is.a.Peter got a well-paid job.b.Peter chose the gift wisely.c.Peter could get a gift for what he did.d.Peter would help his family have a better life.A.d c b a B.c b a dC.c b d a D.c a d b45.After reading the passage,we can infer（推断）that.A.Peter only thought of himselfB.Peter couldnt take good care of the Qu