2021届高考英语总复习（活学活用+能力提升）Unit 1 Great scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

Unit 1Great scientists.写出下列必考单词1特征，特性n. _2建设；结构；建筑物n._3谴责，责备n.&v. _4积极的；肯定的；确实的adj._5小心的，谨慎的adj._6图表 n. _7医生，内科医生 n. _8挑战n.&v. _9受害者 n. _10预见，预知 v. _1.characteristic2.construction3.blame4.positive5cautious6.chart7.physician8.challenge9.victim10foresee.写出下列单词的变化形式1结论，结束 n_作结论，结束；推断v._ 2污染 v. _污染 n. _被污染的adj. _3贡献；捐助vt.&vi._贡献，奉献n._4科学的adj._科学n. _科学家n._5宣布；通告v. _宣布；通告n._播音员，报幕员n. _1.conclusion；conclude2.pollute；pollution；polluted3contribute；contribution4.scientific；science；scientist5announce；announcement；announcer用所给单词的适当形式填空。1It_that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the _ that he is lying.(conclude)2It is _ agreed that _ is endless.(universe)3This work has_him for several years.He seemed totally_in his work.(absorb)4The writer personally_5,000 to the earthquake fund.All the _will be gratefully received.(contribute)5The famous_devoted himself to_research and made a great contribution to_.(scientific)1was concluded；conclusion2.universally；universe3absorbed；absorbed4.contributed；contributions5 scientist；scientific；science.翻译下列必背短语1提出(建议等)_2得出结论_3有意义，有道理_4对严格要求_5除了之外_ 6对好奇_7调查_8因某事责备某人_9专心_10对某事热心_1.put forward2.draw a conclusion3.make sense4be strict/severe with5.apart from6.be curious about7look into8.blame sb.for sth.9.be absorbed in10be enthusiastic for/about sth.根据括号里的解释，用恰当的短语完成下列句子。1A working party has been set up to_ the problem.(investigate or examine)2At yesterday's meeting，he_ a proposal but was refused by all because it was not practical.(suggest something for discussion)3It doesn't_ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.(be sensible)4You are silly _his family life because it is none of your business.(be interested in)5_his nose，he's quite good­looking(except for)1look into2.put forward3.make sense4to be curious about5.Apart from.重点句型1So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(p.2)每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去。句型every time.在此句中相当于一个从属连词，引导时间状语从句。说明：除every time外，以下短语也可用作连词：each time 每一次，any time 任何时候，next time 下一次，the first time 第一次，the last time 最后一次。(1)It was Mr.Ma who would come to help me every time I was in trouble.每次我陷入困境时，都是马先生来帮助我。(2)The first time I went to see him，he was absorbed in reading in the classroom.我第一次去找他时，他在教室里看书。用上述句型完成下列句子。(1)每次我去找她，她都在专心看书。_ I went to see her，she _ reading.(2)每次我看到这张老照片，我都会想起小学时的同桌。_(1)Every time；was absorbed in(2)Every time I see the old photo，I will think of my deskmate in the primary school.2Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(p.2)人们不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。句型neither.nor.“既不也不”，连接并列主语时，谓语动词单复数应和靠近它的主语一致。Neither she nor I am going to have a picnic this weekend.她和我都不打算本周末去野餐。用上述句型完成下列句子。昨晚王老师和他的学生们都没有看足球赛。_Neither Mr.Wang nor his students watched the football match last night.用上述句型翻译下列小片段。每当我们讨论发展城市的计划时，他既不提出任何建议，也不对别人的建议提任何意见，似乎对这件事没什么兴趣。_Every time we discussed the plans to develop our city，he neither put forward any suggestions，nor did he make any comment on others' ideas.It seemed that he was not enthusiastic about it at all.语篇领悟根据课文 John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” 完成下列短文。John Snow，a well­known doctor in London，became 1. _ (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who 2. _ (expose) to cholera，a 3. _ (die) disease of its day.Many thousands of people died 4. _ there was an outbreak because no one knew the cause of it.John wanted to help solve the problem.He got interested in two theories 5. _ (explain) how cholera killed people.He believed in the second theory 6. _ suggested that people 7. _ (absorb) the disease with their meals.In 1854，when another 8. _ hit London，he was ready to test the two theories.9. _ the help of the map he made，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10. _ (blame)1.inspired2.were exposed3.deadly4.every time5explaining6.that7.absorbed8.outbreak9.With10to blame.考点活用根据所给中文，用所学词组、句型完成英语短文。斯蒂芬·霍金 (Stephen Hawking) 1942年1月8日出生于英国。 他从小就热衷于设计各种玩具。二十几岁的时候，患了一种无法治愈的疾病，这种病使他永远失去了行走和说话的能力。面对不幸，他没有灰心，而是全神贯注从事他的宇宙研究。1988年他出版了时间简史，提出时间自身有个开始，也会有终结。此书引起了科学界的注意，并畅销全世界。斯蒂芬·霍金在宇宙论和量子重力的领域做出了杰出的贡献，他被认为是继爱因斯坦之后的最杰出的物理学家。Stephen Hawking was born on January 8th,1942 in England，and 1._ when he was a small child.Unfortunately，when he was in his twenties，he suffered a serious disease that was impossible to be cured,2._ and speaking forever.When bad luck came,3._，he concentrated all his efforts on his research into the universe. In 1988，his new book A Brief History of Time1.he was enthusiastic/crazy about designing different toys 2which prevented him from moving 3instead of losing heart4attracted the attention of science world5he is considered the most outstanding physicist after Albert Einstein1conclusion n结论；结束I'm glad our negotiation has come to a successful conclusion.我很高兴这次洽谈圆满成功。词语归纳得出结论in conclusion最后，总之选用上述短语完成下列小片段。The experts of the UN (1)_ from that of the US government.They said that the US government (2)_that Syria had used chemical weapons.It was clear that the US government lacked evidence to prove their (3)_Based on the report from the UN，Syria thought the United States was making trouble on purpose.“(4)_”，one of the Syria officials said，“The US.A was finding an excuse to invade Syria.”(1)drew a different conclusion(2)jumped to a conclusion(3) conclusion(4)In conclusion2.he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.(p.2)维多利亚女王都聘他为私人医生。探究学习阅读下列句子，注意attend 的搭配及意思。(1)Only a few friends attended their wedding.(出席，参加)(2)She is attending_upon the patient.(照看，看护。常与on/upon 连用)(3)Attend to work and stop talking.(致力于；专心于)专心工作，不要说话。完成下列句子。(1)The manager decided _(出席会议) himself.(2)The naughty boy _(一直不专心)during the lessons this term.(3)Who _(看护) your sick wife since you are so busy?(1)to attend the meeting(2)hasn't been attending(3)is attending on/upon3But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(p.2)但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的老百姓，他就感到很振奋。词语归纳inspire sb.with courage 鼓起某人的勇气inspire sb.with sth.激发某人的某种感情 inspire sth.into sb.把某种思想灌输给某人A完成下列句子。(1)We _ (受鼓舞) by the inspiring news.(2)The good news_(鼓起我们的希望)(3)Magnificent views over the countryside have often _ (激发人们写诗)(1)are inspired(2)inspired us with hope (3)inspired people to write poems词语归纳expose v暴露，揭露，使曝光exposure n面临，遭受；揭露be exposed to.置身于，暴露于B完成下列句子。(1)As a journalist in the war，he was _(置身于丧生的危险之中)(2)The baby was left_(被弃于) the wind and rain.(3)The soldiers in the open field _(暴露于) the enemy's fire.(4)My job as a journalist _(就是揭露事实)(1)exposed to the danger of losing his life(2)exposed to(3)are exposed to(4)is to expose the truth4Neither its cause，nor its cure was understood.(p.2)人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。词语归纳cure sb.of a disease 治愈某人某病a cure for a disease 医治某种疾病的方法/药a cure for sth.解决某事的方法/对策I hope the doctor can cure me of the pain in my shoulder.我希望医生能治好我肩上的疼痛。词语辨析：cure，treat，heal与recovercure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于用药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气，强调结果。treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈(伤口); 医治”，使伤口愈合。recover意思为“痊愈，复原”，常与from连用。根据上下文意思完成下面短文。Tom asked，“Has the doctor (1)_the old woman of her illness？”“No，he (2)_her，but didn't (3)_ her.There still no (4)_for this kind of cancer，so it's so difficult for her (5)_”(1)cured(2)treated(3)cure(4)cure(5)to recover5It seemed that the water was to blame.(p.2)看来水是罪魁祸首。词语归纳blame vt.责备；谴责；把归咎于n过失；责备blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人blame sth.on sb.把某事怪到某人头上be to blame 应受责备；应负责任get/accept/bear/take the blame for.对负责lay/put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上温馨提示：在be to blame (for) 短语中用主动形式表达被动含义，不用被动语态。用blame的相关词语完成下列小片段。Don't always (1)_your own failure _others.Sometimes you yourself (2)_ _I know.I will (3)_for the failure，but you must promise not to (4)_it any more.(1)blame；on(2)are to blame(3)bear the blame(4)blame me for6He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.(p.2)他知道，在找到病源之前，疫情是无法控制的。词语归纳control n&v.指挥；管理；控制out of control 失去控制，无法管理in control (of) 控制着；处于统治地位under control (被)控制着beyond control 无法控制lose control of 失去控制 选用上述短语完成下列小片段。All their money was (1) _ Black，but he was not content.He wanted (2) _ (控制妻子)，which made her angry.So she declared to divorce her husband.It was then that Black realized everything went (3) _.(1)in control of(2)to control his wife(3)out of control7The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.(p.2)第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内。探究学习阅读下列句子，注意suggest的搭配及意思。(1)Her smile suggests her agreement.(暗示，表明)(2)Do they suggest that we abolish the Olympic Games？(建议)温馨提示：suggest 后接从句表示“建议某人做某事”，从句用虚拟语气，即 should动词原形，也可以省去should。suggest表“意味着；暗示；使人想起”时，后面的从句用陈述句语气。A选用上述短语完成下列小片段。Tom (1) _ (建议应该和母亲住一起)，but his wife's long face (2)_ (表明她不赞成这个想法)She also (3)_(反对他的建议) that they should employ a nurse to look after the old lady.(1)suggested that they should live together with their mother(2)suggested that she didn't like the idea (3)rejected the suggestion词语归纳be absorbed by 被吞并；为所吸收 absorb.into 吸引到absorb one's attention 吸引某人注意absorb one's time 占用某人的时间 be absorbed in sth.专心于某事 B完成下列句子。(1)Mary was so _(专心看小说) that she didn't realize the food had got burnt.(2)Aspirin is quickly _(被身体吸收)(3)His interesting teaching method_(吸引学生的注意)(1)absorbed in reading the novel(2)absorbed by/into the body(3)absorbs/draws the students' attention8Finally “King cholera” was defeated.(p.3)最后，“霍乱王”被击败了。His team has suffered 5 defeats.他的球队已经输了五场。Jack defeated Mike by about a meter and won the race at last.杰克以大约一米的优势击败了迈克，最后赢得了比赛。词语辨析：win，beat，defeatwin “赢得”(赛事、战争、某物)，宾语是game，prize等物(不是人)；后接人时，意为“争取赢得的好感或支持；说服”。beat “战胜，击败”(比赛中的对手)，可与defeat互换。另外，beat还有“(连续)击打，控制”等意思。从win，beat，defeat中选择合适的词的正确形式填空。(1)The army _ the enemy in the end.(2)Tom suffered the _ in the English examination.(3)The athlete _ his competitors and_ the gold medal.(1)defeated(2)defeat(3)defeated；won9Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make_sense.(p.7)只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。词语归纳make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通make sense of 理解，明白make no sense 没道理，没意义in a sense 就某种意义来说in no sense 决不common sense 常识There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没道理温馨提示：in no sense“决不”位于句首时，句子应用倒装语序。选用上述短语填空。(1)He doesn't talk much，but what he says_.(2)It was the language that helped shape the way I saw things，expressed ideas，and _ the world.(3)_can you lie to your parents.(4)As far as I'm concerned，_getting upset about it now.(1)makes sense(2)made sense of(3)In no sense(4)there is no sense in语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。As the plane circled over the airport，everyone sensed that something was wrong.The plane was moving 1._(steady) through the air，and although the passengers 2._(fasten) their seat belts，they were suddenly thrown forward.At that moment，the air hostess presented.She looked very pale,3._was quite calm.Speaking quickly and almost in a whisper，she informed everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked if 4._of the passengers knew anything about machines.After a moment's hesitation,5._man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot's cabin.Moving the pilot aside，the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that 6._(send) by radio from the airport below.To everyone's relief，the plane,7._was dangerously close to the ground at the moment，soon began to climb.The man had to circle the airport several times to become familiar 8._the controls of the plane.The critical moment came 9._he had to land.The man,10._(follow) the instructions，guided the plane toward the airfield，and it landed safely after a long run along the runway.语篇解读：本文是记叙文，讲述了飞机上发生的一场突发事件，飞行员晕倒了，幸好最终在冷静的空姐和一位乘客的协助下，飞机安全降落。1解析：考查词性转换。由“something was wrong”可知，应该是飞机出问题了，故此处应用unsteadily(不稳定地)修饰动词move。答案：unsteadily2解析：考查动词时态。此处用过去完成时，表明fasten这个动作发生在were suddenly thrown这个动作之前。答案：had fastened3解析：考查连词。but表示转折，句意：她看起来很苍白，但非常镇静。答案：but4解析：考查不定代词。any：任何；无论哪个。答案：any5解析：考查不定冠词。man为可数名词，此处表泛指，故用不定冠词a。答案：a6解析：考查动词时态和语态。the urgent instructions后是一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，其中that作从句中的主语，动词send与主语为被动关系，故需用被动语态；结合语境，应用过去进行时，故用were being sent。句意：仔细聆听着从下面的机场通过无线电正被发送过来的紧急指令。答案：were being sent7解析：考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the plane，故用关系代词which引导。答案：which8解析：考查介词。固定搭配：sb.be familiar with sth.某人对某物熟悉。答案：with9解析：句意：关键的时刻来了，他不得不着陆。答案：when10解析：考查非谓语动词。动词follow与主语The man为主动关系，