毕业设计-基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统外文翻译.doc

专业英语课程论文（工业工程09级）姓名：许小会学号：310902020205教师：李发权 2012年 11 月23 日 An internet-based logistics management system for enterprise chainsAbstractThis paper presents an Internet-Based Logistics Management System to coordinate and disseminate tasks and related information for solving the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem using appropriate heuristic techniques, for use in enterprise chain net works. Its architecture involves a JAVA Web applet equipped with interactive communication capabilities between peripheral software tools. The system was developed in distributed software fashion technology for all computer platforms utilizing a Web browser, focusing on the detailed road network of Athens and the needs of the Athens Central Food Market enterprises. Keywords: Decision support system; e-Logistics; Transportation; Vehicle routing problem1. IntroductionEnterprise chains are the business model of the present and future regarding markets that involve small and medium company sizes. Clearly, grouping activities towards a focused target facilitates an understandably improved market penetration guaranteed by a successful trade mark of a leading company in the field. Several collaboration models that basically include franchising are introduced as a part of this integrated process. When such a network is introduced in order to exploit a commercial idea or business initiative and subsequently expanded as market penetration grows, several management issues arise regarding the operations of the entire network. Such a network is the ideal place for organizing and evaluating in a more centralized way several ordinary operations regarding supply chain and logistics In fact, tools developed for organizing management processes and operational needs of each individual company, can be developed in a more centralized fashion and the services provided by the tool can be offered to each network member to facilitate transactions and tackle operations similarly. Web-based applications are an ideal starting place for developing such applications. Typically such systems serve as a central depot for distributing common services in the field of logistics. The commercial application is stored in a central server and services are provided for each member of the group. A prototype of such a server is described in previous work . This paper presents the completed internet system that is installed in the central web server of the Athens Central Food Market that deals with the integrated problem of distribution for 690 companies that comprise a unique logistics and retail chain of enterprises. The needs of each company are underlined and the algorithms developed are described within the unified internet environment. The problem solved and services provided for each company is the one involving distribution of goods through a heterogeneous fleet of trucks. New insights of the heuristics employed are provided. A characteristic case study is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for a real-world problem of distribution through the detailed road network of Athens.2. Distribution through heterogeneous vehicle fleetsThe fleet management problem presented in this paper requires the use of a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles that distribute goods through a network of clients. Therefore, the system was designed in order to automatically generate vehicle routes (which vehicles should de-liver to which customers and in which order), using rational, quantitative, spatial and non-spatial information and minimizing simultaneously the vehicle cost and the total distance travelled by the vehicles, subject to the following constraints:l each vehicle has a predetermined load capacity, typically different from all other vehicles comprising the fleet (heterogeneous nature),l the capacity of a vehicle cannot be exceeded,l a single vehicle supplies each customers demand,l the number of vehicles used is predetermined2.1. NeighborThe neighbor is defined as a blend of the most favorable local search moves that transforms one solution to another. In particular, in its taboo search iteration the type of move adopted is decided stochastically. A predefined probability level is assigned to each move type. After that, it is decided whether the move operation is performed within a single route or between different routes, once more stochastically. This time, for both operations, the probability level is assigned a value of 50%. Subsequently, the best neighbor that the selected move implies is computed. The move types employed are the 2-Opt move (Bell et al., 1983), the 11 Exchange move, the10 Exchange, on both single route and different routes.2.2. Short-term memoryShort-term memory, known as taboo list, is the most often used component of taboo search. Taboo list is imposed to restrict the search from revisiting solutions that were considered previously and to discourage the search process from cycling between subsets of solutions. For achieving this goal, attributes of moves, more precisely the reversals of the original ones, are stored in a taboo list. The reversal moves that contain attributes stored in taboo list are designated taboo and they are excluded from the search process. Regarding the taboo search variant implemented, these attributes are the nodes involved in the move (all the moves used in this method can be characterized by indicating only two nodes) and the corresponding routes where these nodes belong to. The number that arcs mobility is restricted is known as taboo list size or taboo tenure. The management of the taboo list is achieved by removing the move which has been on the taboo list longest.2.3. Aspiration criterionThe aspiration criterion is a strategy for overriding the short-term memory functions. The taboo search method implemented, uses the standard aspiration criterion: if a move gives a higher quality solution than the best found so far, then the move is selected regardless its taboo status.Taboo Search algorithm terminates when the number of iterations conducted is larger than the maximum number of iterations allowed.3. Developing the internet-based application toolWeb services offer new opportunities in business landscape, facilitating a global marketplace where business rapidly create innovative products and serve customers better. Whatever that business needs is, Web services have the flexibility to meet the demand and allow to accelerate outsourcing. In turn, the developer can focus on building core competencies to create customer and shareholder value. Application development is also more efficient because existing Web services, regardless of where they were developed, can easily be reused.Many of the technology requirements for Web services exist today, such as open standards for business to-business applications, mission-critical transaction platforms and secure integration and messaging products. However, to enable robust and dynamic integration of applications, the industry standards and tools that extend the capabilities of to days business-to-business interoperability are required. The key to taking full advantage of Web services is to understand what Web services are and how the market is likely to evolve. One needs to be able to invest in platforms and applications today that will enable the developer to quickly and effectively realize these benefits as well as to be able to meet the specific needs and increase business productivity.Typically, there are two basic technologies to be implemented when dealing with internet-based applications; namely server-based and client-based. Both technologies have their strong points regarding development of the code and the facilities they provide. Server-based applications involve the development of dynamically created web pages. These pages are transmitted to the web browser of the client and contain code in the form of HTML and JAVASCRIPT language. The HTML part is the static part of the page that contains forms and controls for user needs and the JAVASCRIPT part is the dynamic part of the page. Typically, the structure of the code can be completely changed through the intervention of web server mechanisms added on the transmission part and implemented by server-based languages such as ASP, JSP, PHP, etc. This comes to the development of an integrated dynamic page application where user desire regarding problem peculiarities (calculating shortest paths, execute routing algorithms, transact with the database, etc.) is implemented by appropriately invoking different parts of the dynamic content of such pages. In server-based applications all calculations are executed on the server. In client-based applications, JAVA applets prevail. Communication of the user is guaranteed by the well-known JAVA mechanism that acts as the medium between the user and code.Everything is executed on the client side. Data in this case have to be retrieved, once and this might be the time-consuming part of the transaction.In server-based applications, server resources are used for all calculations and this requires powerful server facilities with respect to hardware and software. Client-based applications are burdened with data transmission (chiefly related to road network data). There is a remedy to that; namely caching. Once loaded, they are left in the cache archives of the web browser to be instantly recalled when needed.In our case, a client-based application was developed. The main reason was the demand from the point of view for personal data discretion regarding their clients. In fact, this information was kept secret in our system even from the server side involved.Data management plays major role in the good function of our system. This role becomes more substantial when the distribution takes place within a large and detailed road network like this of a major complex city. More specifically, in order to produce the proposed the routing plan, the system uses information about:l the locations of the depot and the customers within the road network of the city (their co-ordinates attached in the map of the city),l the demand of the customers serviced,l the capacity of the vehicles used,l the spatial characteristics of road segments of the net work examined,l the topography of the road network,l the speed of the vehicle, considering the spatial characteristics of the road and the area within of which is moved,l the synthesis of the company fleet of vehicles.4. Case studyThe system developed was used in the Central Food Market of Athens, Greece. The specific Market involves 2 area of 320,000m in the south-west region of Athens greater area at the boundary of port of Greece. This Market is basically a hybrid of two submarkets; the first one involves fresh vegetables and fruits and the second one fresh meat. A Central Food Market is an organization that involves numerous small enterprises that sell and distribute fresh food products, chiefly fresh vegetables, fruits fish and meat. It is considered to be the place where supply and demand together and where prices determined in conditions of transparency and open exchange. Every day, the market is visited by thousands of operators and traders who consider it the best place in which to carry out their transactions. The market is used by companies specializing in the food sector, traditional retailers, the city markets, supermarkets, hypermarkets, hotel and catering establishments.The fresh vegetables and fruits market involves 690 small and medium enterprises that cover an area of 27,100m, while the Meat market involves 105 small 2 and medium enterprises that cover an area of 6050m. As a complementary area to the Markets, Athens Central Food Market has a Services and Warehouses Area, to serve the growing economic activity generated by the Food Unit. Cash& Carry, purchase centers, distribution and logistics, storage, handling and packaging, cold stores available for rent, motor vehicle services .In short, all the services operators required. The market need for effective logistics requires specialization and investment, in order to be competitive and provide the growing level of service demanded. Every day, this market complex offers a selection of fruits and vegetables, both in the range of products and varieties and in the sheer volume on offer, which makes it the largest fruit and vegetable market in Greece and one of the largest in Europe. Athens Central Market responds to the challenge of effectively and reliably serving the most important food sector in Greece, offering a wide variety of vegetables, fruits, meats, meat products in unrivalled conditions of hygiene and safety. The Meat Market is concerned not only with distribution but also with production. Many farmers participate directly in the Athens Central Market, as it actively promotes products with denomination of origin and quality certificates. Athens Central Market installations involve roughly 500 parking places.The application can be found at the internet address http:/www.okaa.gr/router/default.asp, through secure cookie entrance. The system was appropriately coded in the form of a java applet encapsulated in a Web page accessible by the users through the Web Server of the organization. There were several restrictions that were taken into consideration as user requirements. The application had to be compact, user-friendly, the data entered that would concern a specific enterprise could not be transparent to others, including the organization and full reports ready to use by truck drivers had to be generated.基于互联网的连锁企业的物流管理系统摘要本文介绍了一种基于Internet的物流管理系统，以协调和传播解决异构车辆路径问题采用适当的启发式技术，任务和相关信息，为企业的连锁网络作品使用。其体系结构包括一个JAVA的Web小程序与外设之间的互动沟通的软件工具的功能配备。该系统的开发方式，在分布式软件技术的所有电脑使用一个Web Browser平台，在雅典的详细道路网络为重点和雅典中央食品市场企业的需要。 关键词：决策支持系统，电子物流，运输，车辆路径问题前言企业连锁经营模式是对当前及未来的市场，包括中小型公司规模。显然，使集团的重点目标是可以理解的活动有利于提高市场占有率由一家公司成功的商标保证在外地。几个合作模式，基本上包括引入特许经营作为这一进程的一部分。当这种网络的引入，以利用商业理念或企业的倡议，并随后扩大市场渗透率的增长，若干管理问题方面出现的整个网络的运作。这种网络是组织和较集中的方式对一些普通业务供应链和物流从评估的理想场所，工具，组织管理流程及个别公司的业务需要开发的，可以更集中的方式发展和该工具提供的服务可以提供给每个网络成员促进交易和处理业务类似。基于Web的应用是一个理想的起点为开发此类应用的地方。通常这些系统作为分配在物流领域的共同服务的中心仓库。商业应用存储在中央服务器和服务的每个组的成员提供。一个这样的服务器原型描述了以前的工作。本文介绍了完成跨网系统，在雅典中央副食品批发市场中央Web服务器上安装的处理分配690公司，包括一个独特的物流和零售连锁企业的整合问题。每家公司的需要是强调和算法开发的范围内统一的网络环境描述。解决问题和服务的每一个公司提供的是一个涉及通过混合车队的卡车货物分配。严谨启发式解法为就业提供新的见解。阿特征的案例研究，提出说明，通过详细的道路网络雅典的一个现实世界的分布问题提出方法的有效性。1、 通过异构车队分布该舰队管理问题本文提出需要的车辆混合车队使用的方式来分配网络的客户货物。因此，该系统是为了设计，自动生成车辆路线（即车辆应提供哪些客户的顺序），使用合理，数量，空间和非空间信息和车辆，同时尽量减少成本和总距离行驶的车辆，须符合下列限制：每辆车有一个预先确定的负载能力，通常是由组成的船队（异质性）的所有其他车辆不同，车辆的能力，不能超越，一个单一的汽车用品每个客户的需求，所用车辆的数目，预先确定的。2.1邻里附近的定义是最有利的本地搜索动作，变换另一种解决办法融合。特别是，通过在其禁忌搜索迭代的移动类型随机决定。预定义的概率水平，分配给每个移动类型。在此之后，决定是否执行移动操作是在一个单一的路线或不同的路线，再次随机。这一次，这两个行动的概率水平分配50的价值。随后，最好的邻居说，此举意味着选择计算。此举类型就业是2选项移动，交易所将在1-