xx公司猪场沼气工程项目的可行性研究报告.doc

have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brown macaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this year's crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs Brabante is talking to the manager of the local  factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 1st. We are now returning you to the studio.'   Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术 The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, wh more familiar with them. Each week on TV, the Monkees would play and sing songs written by other musicians. However, after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work, the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band. Then they produced their own records and started touring and playing their own music. In the USA they became even more popular than the Beatles and sold even more records. The band broke up about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid-1980s. They produced a new record in 1996, with which they celebrated their former time as a real band. Freddy the frog（） Not long after Freddy and the band became famous, they visited Britain on a brief tour. Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts . Freddy was now quite confident when he went into a concert hall. He enjoyed singing and all the congratulations afterwards! His most exciting invitation was to perform on a TV programme called “ Top of pops “. He had to go to London, wear an expensive suit and give a performance to a TV camera. It felt very strange. But as soon as the programme was over, the telephones which were in the same room started ringing. Everybody was asking when they could see Freddy and his band again. They were truly stars. Then things went wrong. Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed. Even when they wore sunglasses or beards people recognized them. Fans found them even when they went into toilet. They tried to hide in the reading rooms of libraries, but it was useless. Someone was always there! Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if they close friends. At last feeling very upset and sensitive, Freddy and his band realized that they must leave the country before it became too painful for them. So they left Britain, to which they were never to return, and went back to the lake.  必修三 Unit 1 Festivals and celebrations Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather,planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Todays festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.  Festivals of the Dead  Some festivals are held to honour the dead or satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early Novemver. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up an go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweers, the children might play a trick on them. Fetivals to Honour People Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain Indias independece from Britain. Harvest Festivals Harvest and Thanksgiving festival can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in China, enjoy mooncakes. Spring Festivals The most energetic and important festivals are te ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumpings ifsh and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals , and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnicals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival for Chiristians around the world. It celebrates the return of Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japans Cherry Blossom Festical happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget ou work for a little while.  A Sad Love Story Li Fang was heart-broken. It was Valetines Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didnt turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alon with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he ws not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love. The randdaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinu, the weaving firl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. ( “ Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that, “ thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magipies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the senveth lunar month. People in Chian hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that zhinu is weeping and the couple wont be able to meet. The announcer said, “ This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story they call it a Chinese Valentines story. Its a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.” As Li Fang set off for home, he thought , “ I guess Hu Jin doesnt love me. I just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I dont want them to remind me of her.” So he did. As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his wasy home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hujin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? Ive been waiting for you for a long time! An I have a gift for you!” What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine figes! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Balentines Day!  Winter Carnival in Quebec A group of very cold tourists are sitting in a cafe in old Quevec, drinking hor coffee to try to warm up. The temperature is 32 degrees below freezing. The windows are cobered with steam from the heat inside. Outside, snow covers the streets and is piled up along the sidewalks. The music and lights of the Carnival continue, but after a whole day of watching parades, riding in horse carriages and listening to the music, their feet are freezing and their noses are red. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people come to Quebec to take part in the weel-long winter festival, the biggest in the world. Everyone who comes must be prepared to keep moving. As it is too cold to stand and watch for long. Early in the morning, you can watch the snowboarding competitions on the hill overlooking the river. Competitors speed down the track and through the air as though they could fly. The more brave of heart may try the canoe races. Five or six men paddle each canoe across the partly-frozen St Lawrence River. The river is full of big pieces of ice, and if you were to fall in, you would freeze in less than two minutes. On of the favourite events is the dog-sled race, in which teams of about six husky dogs pll long sleds at great speeds along a snowy track. One person runs behind the sled, shouting to the dogs to encoutage them. The sound of the dogs barking, the calls of the drivers and the shouts of crowd make an exciting Nothern experience. The dogs are beautiful strong animals, with long, thick fur and many with blue eyes. While admiring the ice sculptures ecerywhere in the city, much like those in Harbin in China, you can stop with other tourists in an igloo for hot tea or coffee. It is amazing how warm these ice howses can be! Late in the evening, you can go to the snow palace, where Bonhomme the snowman is king, and join the crowd. You can dance outside to the music of a band, who are all dressed in heavy clothes even some their instruments are dressed up for winter. Finally, you will probably want to sit down in a cafe wo warm up an to plan tomorrow. You might join the snowmobile races or maybe XX公司猪场沼气工程项目可行性研究报告目 录一、 项目摘要二、 项目建设的必要性和可行性三、 项目承担单位基本情况四、 项目地点选择分析五、 工艺技术方案分析六、 项目建设目标七、 项目建设内容八、 投资估算和资金筹措九、 建设期限和进度安排十、环境保护十一、项目组织与运行十二、项目的经济效益、社会效益分析和评价十三、有关材料一、项目摘要1、项目名称：2、建设单位： 3、建设地点： 4、建设期限：10个月5、建设规模和产品方案：建设500M3的混合式沼气池，150M3贮气柜，日处理污水70吨，日产沼气200M3；配套建设沼液综合利用设施。6、投资估算：项目总投资为127.6万元，其中要求政府补助40万元，企业自筹87.6万元。7、效益分析：本项目属于社会公益性环境保护设施，它创造的效益以环境效益和社会效益为主。工程建成后，每年可减少污水排放量2.6万吨左右，生产沼气7.3万M3。预计项目年增纯收益19万元，静态投资回收期6.6年。项目对于减轻当地水质污染，改良土壤和改善生态环境，保护人民的身心健康，大力发展有机农业和生态农业，提高农副产品的市场竞争力，促进农业生产的全面发展，走可持续发展的道路，具有十分重要意义。二、项目建设的必要性和可行性XX生态农业有限公司成立于2005年,地处海城镇莲花万中村，属台地、荒坡地，总面积1000亩，其中中药材种植面积600亩，茶园面积200亩。公司内有一个猪场，建有野猪、生猪标准化生产线2条，猪舍10000平方米，常年存栏量3200多头，年出栏生猪3200多头，野猪3200头，配套鱼塘60亩。(符合配套的养殖规模)猪场日排放污水量约70 M3。猪场目前对猪场粪污的处理办法是，采用人工清粪工艺，干粪用于种药材和种茶肥料，每天70 M3的猪尿及猪舍冲洗水经简陋的沉淀池后进入鱼塘，然后排放。由于污水量较大且浓度高,鱼塘面积不够大，若污水不能得到有效处理，长此下去，势必影响周围自然生态环境，致使病菌的传播，对附近人民生活、生产产生不利影响。因此，处理猪场污水，治理环境污染迫在眉睫。而猪场污水是富含有机质的可用资源, 应用沼气发酵技术，建设沼气工程治理猪场污水，生产沼气和优质有机肥可达到一方面减少猪场污染，净化环境，另一方面又可回收能源沼气，在为实现农业可持续发展提供环境保障的同时，创造更高的经济效益、能源效益和生态效益。我省属热带亚热带地区，常年气温高，建设沼气工程处理畜禽污水有着得天独厚的条件。近几年来，我省部分养殖企业以沼气工程项目为载体，实现畜禽粪污的减量化、无害化、资源化，走出了一条以沼气为纽带的农村能源绿色技术、绿色生产、绿色环境的循环发展路子，取得了很好的成效。而金瑞丰生态农业有限公司种有中药材600亩，茶园200亩，为沼气综合利用提供了很好的平台。因此，在该场建设沼气工程，对生产过程中产生的废弃物、废水进行有效处理和综合利用，开发生物质能源和无公害农产品生产并举，走生态畜牧业可持续发展的道路是完全可行的。三、项目承担单位基本概况承担项目的XX生态农业有限公司，有员工52人。已种植600亩的檀香、沉香，200亩茶园，养殖50箱蜜蜂，建有野猪、生猪标准化生产线2条，猪舍10000平方米， 60亩鱼池等。固定资产约1100多万元。公司技术力量较强，有完善的生产管理组织体系，运营情况良好，有能力落实工程项目的自筹资金，能认真执行项目建设的有关政策。四、项目地点选择分析XX生态农业有限公司位于海城镇莲花万中村，已种植600亩的檀香、沉香，200亩茶园，周边有大量农田，十分适合沼气、沼液、沼渣的综合利用。(具有消纳沼渣沼液的农田)该公司交通十分便利，同时，项目点属南亚热带季风气候区，光、热、水资源丰富，气候温暖，雨量充沛，多年年平均气温为21-22，年平均最高气温26左右，多年年平均降雨量为18002400mm，非常适合建设沼气工程。在该公司猪场建设沼气工程，既可解决污水排放问题，又为公司的中药和茶叶生产提供优质肥料，在提高企业的效益的同时，带动周围的养殖场搞好环保建设，保护当地自然生态环境，达到生态和畜牧业产业协调发展的目的。项目点符合当地畜牧业发展规划，建设沼气工程，政府大力支持，养殖场需求强烈，当地适宜推广“猪沼茶果”等能源生态模式，(符合有关规划要求)当地农村能源管理部门技术力量强，项目建设后能对工程进行有效、长期的监督管理，能较大地促进当地生态农业发展。五、工艺技术方案分析根据种猪场的生产情况，每天排放的污水量约为70吨。考虑污水处理的经济性，按清洁化生产的要求，严格控制饲料中重金属等饲料添加剂的使用量，以减少对周围生态环境的影响。因此项目工艺流程遵循生态理念，坚持以下原则：1、减量化：要治理好畜粪污染，必须从污染的源头抓起，必须有效的削减污染总量，猪粪实行干清粪工艺，节约用水，减少污水处理量。2、无害化:选用先进工艺技术，所有污水必须经过封闭式的厌氧发酵工艺，经过一段时间的厌氧发酵，可去除污水中的CODcr80左右，TS分解率50左右，病毒菌杀灭率98以上，消除蚊蝇孳生地。3、资源化：有害粪便污水经过治理，达到变废为宝的目的。粪便治理后可作中药和茶树的有机肥。污水经过厌氧发酵变成沼液，富含溶解氮、磷、钾和关闭植物生长细胞的黄腐酸，可作为茶树叶面有机肥，可节省大量农药和化肥，实现增产增收。该猪场厌氧发酵产生的沼气，用于小猪保温和发电，效益可观。整个工程是变废为宝，资源全面综合利用的示范工程。4、生态化：污水经先进的治理工艺治理后，成为无毒无害的有机肥，为周边农田提供优质肥料。农田施用沼肥后，可修复长期施用无机肥而板结的土壤，可少施或不施农药和化肥，实现增产增收。(工程建设方案符合无害化,减量化,资源化的原则)根据猪场的生产规模和排污量，采用的污水处理工艺流程如下： 工艺流程说明：1、污水的预处理干猪粪采用人工拾取，猪尿和猪舍冲洗水先经沉淀池沉淀，自流进入水解池。2、水解池水解池可降解污水中的大分子有机物为小分子有机物，提高污水的可生物降解性，增加整个处理系统的稳定性。同时水解池具有降解污水中悬浮物的功能。3、废水的厌氧消化 考虑到污水的浓度较高，采用混合式发酵工艺，该工艺具有结构简单、耐冲击能力强、运行稳定、管理维护方便等特点。 4、沼气的净化贮存与利用每天可产沼气200M3左右。沼气经气水分离器、脱硫净化后进入沼气贮气柜，沼气用于发电和职工炊事燃料。(沼气利用方式)5、沼液综合利用经厌氧发酵后的液肥进入沼液贮存池，用作经济作物肥料。(沼肥利用方式) 6、水生植物塘经济作物不需要长年施肥，本方案采用水生植物塘工艺处理经济作物消化不完的沼液。7、猪粪的处理考虑到公司和周边地区需要大量的有机肥，为了减小投资，本方案只是将鲜猪粪进行堆沤发酵，自用或出售。六、项目建设目标项目将建设地面式厌氧发酵池500立方米，日处理污水量70吨，日产沼气200M3。安装40kw沼气发电机组，年沼气发电10万kwh。同时废水在经过厌氧发酵的处理后，大部分作为生态有机肥加以利用，用不完的沼液经进一步处理后，可以达到如下标准：CODcr浓度 100mg/lBOD5浓度 50mg/lSS浓度 50mg/l氨氮 15mg/l总磷(以P计) 2.0mg/lPH值 6.57.5工程同时具备消除污染、产生能源和综合利用三大功能，畜粪和污水经过厌氧消化后，既可获得优质能源（沼气）又能处理废弃物、净化环境，还可进行生物质资源的多层次利用。七、项目建设内容项目建设内容包括：1、有机污水处理工程，猪尿及猪舍冲洗水集中到污水处理中心进行处理。此污水处理工程建设规模为日处理污水70吨天；2、鲜猪粪的处理；3、沼液综合利用工程；4、沼液后处理工程。污水处理：根据畜牧废水营养成份也比较齐全等特点，结合生态工程的要求，处理工艺采用 “污水厌氧消化生产沼气”和“厌氧发酵出水综合利用和处理”的处理方法，以达到开发能源、治理污染、净化环境、综合利用的绿色生态环境治理工程的目的。由于采用低运行成本、低投入的综合治理处理工艺，使本项目生态工程具有较好的示范和推广应用价值。工程产生的沼气，用于小猪保温和发电，将大大降低经营成本。鲜猪粪的处理：采用鲜粪（人工拾取）堆沤发酵 出售的简单方法，降低投资成本。沼液利用：沼液经过微生物分解，杀灭了有害病毒菌，变成腐熟的液状肥料，设置贮存池。沼液后处理：沼液进行水生植物塘工艺处理。主要建筑物及结构形式如下：1、水解池 水解池容积为40M3，池体为砖混结构，地下池。2、沼气池 沼气池为地上池，容积为500 M3，采用钢筋混凝土结构，池为圆柱形，内径9米，高度9米。3、沼气贮气柜 沼气贮气柜容积设计为150M3。贮气柜为湿式贮气柜。水封池为钢筋混凝土结构，地上池，钟罩为钢结构。4、净化、配电房净化、配电房建筑面积为30M2，安装脱硫器、电器控制设备，存放工具。采用砖混结构，净空高度3.5M。 5、沼气发电机房发电机房建筑面积为30M2，安装40KW的沼气发电机组，机房采用砖混结构，净空高度3.5M。