仁爱版英语八年级下册Unit5topic1知识点归纳优秀名师资料(完整版)资料.doc

仁爱版英语八年级下册Unit5topic1知识点归纳优秀名师资料（完整版）资料(可以直接使用，可编辑 优秀版资料，欢迎下载）仁爱版英语八年级下册Unit5topic1知识点归纳八年级下册英语笔记: Unit5 topic1 SectionA 1语法:系表结构(系动词+形容词) 系动词: 1.be动词(are/am/is/was/were) 2.感官动词:feel(感觉起来)/look/seem(看起来)/sound(听起来)/smell(闻起来)/taste(尝起来) 3.四变(turn+颜色)(get+长/短/暗/亮/暖和/冷/热)(become+好)(go+质/疯)2.How are you doing?=How are you? 你好吗,区分:What are you doing?你在做什么, 3.very well(形容词) 指身体好 4.look excited 系表结构 5.Guess what猜猜看 6.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人去做某事 7.one of+最高级+名词复数 8.spend the evening 过夜 spend度过(周末/假期) 9.prepare sth. for sb.=be ready for 为准备 10. so+形容词/副词 如此 such+a/an+形容词+名词 如此的人(事) 11. say thanks/sorry/goodbye to sb.对某人说谢谢/对不起/再见 3a 1. smile 微笑 名词/动词 smiling 微笑的 形容词 2. we children 同位语 3. none left(形容词) 没有剩余的了 leaveleft 离开 none of没有一人 -How many people/boys? -None. 4. What a shame! 真遗憾 5. I feel disappointed.(系表结构) 我感到失望。 6. help others 帮助他人 7. be popular with the people/the poor 在中受欢迎 8. the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 SectionB 1. Whats the matter with sb.?=Whats wrong with sb.?=Whats the trouble? =Whats up? 你怎么了, 2. seem 好似/看起来像 seem+adj. seem to do sth.似乎要做某事 It seems that+句子 好像要做某事 3. get a ticket to+电影名 the key to the door 门的钥匙 the answer to the question问题的答案 4. want to do sth.想做某事 5. I hope to do sth./that+句子 我希望 6. notat all 一点也不 7. like a lot/very much 很喜欢 8. once more 再来一次 9. move 动词 移动 人+moved 形容词 感动的 事+moving 感人的 1 3a 1. set the table 摆放餐具 setset( 过去时)/setting(现在分词) 2. be able to do sth.能够做某事 3. have a fever=have a temperature 发烧 4. call的用法 give sb. a call 给某人一个 call sb.=phone sb.= ring sb.up 给某人打 5.I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切会好起来。 6.ring sb.up=call sb.=phone sb. =telephone sb.打 给某人 7.tell sb.(not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不)做某事 tell sb.+(that)+句子 8. be sure to do sth. 确定要做某事 be sure +that+句子(将来时/情态句) 确定一件什么事情 Unit5 topic1 sectionC 1. 花费spend/cost/pay/take用法 1).人+spend/spent+时间/金钱+ on sth. 某人在某事上花时间/金钱。 人+spend+时间/金钱+( in) doing sth. 某人花时间/金钱做某事。 2).人+pay/paid+金钱+for+sth. 某人为某东西花钱。 人+pay/paid for+sth. 某人为某东西付款。 3).物/事+cost sb.+金钱 什么东西花了我多少钱。 4)It takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth. 做什么事情花了我多长时间。 2. one of +最高级+名词复数 3. what for=why 为什么 4. care for sb.=look after sb.=take care of sb. 照顾 5. die- died-dying 死亡 动词 dead 形容词 死的 death 名词 死亡 6. The family is这个家庭是 The family are 这些家人是 7. tired-tiring 疲惫的 surprised-surprising 惊喜的 moved-moving感动的 bored-boring 无聊的excited-exciting兴奋的 interested-interesting有趣的 relaxed-relaxing休闲的 8. alone 单独的/单独地 形容词/副词 lonely 孤单寂寞的 只能做形容词 Maria lives alone，but she doesnt feel lonely. 9. become/became angry变得生气 be angry with sb./sth. 对生气 10. because of +名词/名词短语 因为某人或某事 because+句子 11. noise 不可数名词 嘈杂声 noisy形容词 嘈杂的 noisily 副词 嘈杂地 区分:noise 噪音 sound 声音 voice 嗓音 12. teach-taught(过去式) 重要短语: teach/tell/ask sb.(not)to do sth.教/叫4.坡度：如图2，坡面与水平面的夹角叫做坡角坡角的正切称为坡度 (或坡比)。用字母i表示，即某人(不)去做某事 第三章 圆13. perform plays 表演短剧 14. cheer him/her/me/ them up 使他们振作 cheer sb. on 为加油 15. at first 首先 in the end 最后=at last 16. 笑脸 the smiling faces 17. please-pleased 动词 使快乐 （7）二次函数的性质：18. make/made sb.do sth./make sb.+形容词/make sb.+名词 让某人做某事/怎样 19. called/named 被叫做 eg. Shes a girl called/named Maria. 20. on the night/morning/afternoon of +日期 在某个特定时间的晚上/上午/下午 2 2.点与圆的位置关系及其数量特征：21. on the way to+地方 在去的路上 on ones way home 在回家路上 22. fall into /fell into 落入 (2)中心角、边心距：中心角是正多边形相邻两对角线所夹的角，边心距是正多边形的边到圆心的距离.23. look for 寻找(过程) find 找到(结果) 推论：平分一般弦（不是直径）的直径垂直于弦，并且平分弦所对的两条弧。section D 一锐角三角函数1 e/came into being 形成 3、第五单元“加与减(二)”，第六单元“加与减(三)” 在“加与减”的学习中，结合生活情境，学生将经历从具体情境中抽象出加减法算式的过程，进一步体会加减法的意义;探索并掌握100以内加减法(包括不进位、不退位与进位、退位)和连加、连减、加减混合的计算方法，并能正确计算;能根据具体问题，估计运算的结果;初步学会应用加减法解决生活中简单问题，感受加减法与日常生活的密切联系。2.It has of history. 它有的历史= It has a history of+年份 3.over=more than 超过 4.be full of充满=fillwith 5. facial paintings 脸谱 6. Chinese culture 中国文化 7. used to do sth. 过去常做某事 be used to doing sth. 适应做某事 8.be popular with sb. 在流行 9.become/be interested in doing sth. 对感兴趣 定义：在RtABC中，锐角A的对边与斜边的比叫做A的正弦，记作sinA，即;10.agree with sb. 同意某人意见 (1) 弧长公式: 弧长 (R表示圆的半径, n表示弧所对的圆心角的度数)11.end with happiness/sadness 以喜剧/悲剧结尾 3 新目标英语八年级下册语法知识点归纳与复习新目标英语八年级下册语法知识点归纳与复习 Unit 1 ? 能够表示动作将要发生的时态 ? 一般现在时。 1)它表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的情况。常常要加一个表示未来时间的状语。 When does the winter holiday begin, What time does the train leave for Shanghai, Is there a film tonight, Tomorrow is Saturday( School begins the day after tomorrow( 但这种用法只限于少数动词，如:begin， come，go，leave，sail，start，arrive，return，end，stop，open，close， take，be等。 2) 在时间或条件状语从句中，一般现在时也可用来表示将来的动作。 You will pass the exams if you work hard( ? 现在进行时 注意:时间必须指出或在前文中已经指出，不然就可能造成现在时与将来时之间的混淆。 1)现在进行时可以表示对最近的将来的确定的安排: I'm taking an exam in October( Bob and Bill are meeting tonight( 这句意指鲍勃和比尔已作了会面的安排。如仅仅表示意图，则要用be going to形式。 2)但是，表示从一个地方运动到另一个地方的动词如arrive，come，drive，fly，go，leave，start，travel，表示位置的动词如 stay和动词do与have(表示吃、喝)，它们的现在进行时形式的用法就比较广泛，可以表示没有具体安排好细节的决定或计划。 ? be going to do结构 1) be going to表示主语进行某一将来行动的打算。这种打算常经过预先考虑并含有已做好某些准备的意思，因此通常认为用be going to表达的行动很可能会见诸实施，虽然不具有现在进行时所表示的对将来的确定的安排的概念。 请注意以下几点: ? 如前所述，be going to结构带时间状语可以用来表示最近将来的行动。在这种情况下，它可用来代替现在进行时。可以说: I'm meeting Tom at the station at six(我6点钟到车站接汤姆。 I'm going to meet Tom at the station at six(我打算6点钟到车站接汤姆。 注意:I'm meeting Tom含有和汤姆约好的意思，而I'm going to meet Tom则没有，我去后汤姆可能会感到意外。 ? 想强调主语的意图时，be going to结构可以与时间从句连用。 He is going to be a dentist when he grows up( What are you going to do when you have time , 然而，通常是一般将来时(shall,will)和时间从句连用。 ? be going to 结构可以不和时间连用: I'm going to buy a gift for my mother( He is going to lend me his bicycle( 这里通常指的是即将进行或在最近将来进行的动作。 ? 如上面?中所看到的，be going to结构可以与动词 be连用。有时也跟通常不能用进行时的动词连用: I am going to think about it( I'm sure I'm going to like it( 但总的看来，这里用一般将来时要更有把握些。 ? 注意:一般不常把动词go和come用于be going to结构中，而常用现在进行时来代替be going to结构，即通常不用I'm going to go而用I am going，不用I am going to come而用I am coming。 ? be going to 结构可以表示通过某种迹象可以推测出即将发生的动作。 Look at those cloudsIt's going to rain( Listen to the wind(We're going to have a cold day( be going to结构在动词be sure,afraid，believe，think之后都可以这样用: How pale(苍白) that girl isI am sure,I believe,I think she is going ( to faint(昏倒)? 一般将来时的用法 1) 表示说话人对于将来的看法、假定和推测的句子中常由动词be afraid，be， believe, expect，hope，know，suppose，think，wonder等,feel sure来引导或与副词perhaps，possibly，probably等连用，但也可以不用这些副词: ?(I'm sure)he'll come back( ?(I suppose)they'll sell the house( ?(Perhaps)we'll find him at the hotel( ? They'll(probably)wait for us( 2) 一般将来时可以与时间连用，也可以不连用。这里有时也可以用 be going to，但后一种用法使动作的可能性显得更大些，而且如果没有时间时动作可能会发生得更快些。 He'll build a house(他要盖房子)仅意指这是我的看法而不含有什么时候开始盖房子的概念。 但 He's going to build a house(他打算盖房子)则意指他已经做出决定，很可能不久将着手盖。 2) 一般将来时用来表示通常认为将要有的习惯性动作: ? Spring will come again( ? Birds will build nests( ? People will make plans( ? Other men will climb these stairs and sit at my desk( 3) 一般将来时常用在带条件从句、时间从句的句子中，有时用在带目的从句的句子中: If I drop this glass it will break( 如果我把这个杯子掉到地上，它就会摔碎。 When it gets warmer the snow will start to melt( 天气变暖时，雪开始融化。 注意:在if从句或时间从句中，即使句子是指将来，也不用将来时: 不能说:I'll telephone you if I will come. 而要说:I'll telephone you if I come. 不能说:I am going to buy a computer when I will arrive in Beijing. 而要说:I am going to buy a computer when I arrive in Beijing. ? 比较be going to与will be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但用法还是不同的。 表示的将来时间则较远? be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 一些，如: He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. ? be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. ? be going to 含有"计划，准备"的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如: She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. ? 在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如: He will help you if you are in trouble. 注意:对于上述时态的用法，我们只要知道能够表示动作即将发生的时态有"一般现在时"、"现在进行时"、"be going to do结构"、"一般将来时"即可，而它们的具体用法了解即可而不需掌握。但对于那些基础好的同学，可以多读读。 II 句型 ? 一般将来时的句子结构 肯定句:People will have robots in the future. There will be more trees and less pollution. 否定句:People won't use money. There won't be any schools in the future. 一般疑问句: - Will people use money in 100 years ? - Yes, they will. No, they won't. - Will there be any robots in our homes? - Yes, there will. No, there won't. 特殊疑问句:What will Sally be in five years ? ? 原因状语从句 (because.) I'll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. ? 定语从句 There are many famous predictions that never came true. ? 宾语从句 I think there will be more pollution. He thought that computers would never be used by most people. The head predicted that no one would want to see actors talk. Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future. They agree it may take hundreds of years. Other scientists disagree that robots won't be able to do the same things as us. We never know what will happen in the future. Unit 2 Section A 1 What should I do ? should为情态动词，表示命令、警告、允诺、征求意见、劝告、惊讶等语气。 ? 命令语气:You should go home at once. ? 警告语气:You should be careful when you cross the street. ? 允诺语气:This should be no problem. ? 征询语气:Should I go shopping with her now ? ? 劝告语气:You shouldn't argue with your best friend. ? 惊讶语气:Why should we go to help such a person ? 2 want sb to do sth, want sb not to do sth ? My mother wants me to help her with the housework. ? I want him not to open the windows because it's windy. 3 loud ? adj. 声音大的，吵的 ? The TV is too loud. Could you turn it down? ? Don't be loud. Father is sleeping. ? adv. 大声地(=loudly) 放在speak, talk, shout, laugh等动词的后面。 I often hear her laugh loud. Could you please speak louder? I can't hear you. ? play . loud 大声地播放. Could you play the TV louder? You shouldn't play your radio too loud. 4 enough ? adj. 足够的，充足的 ? The food is enough for 30 people. ? He doesn't have enough time to finish so much homework. ? adv. 够. 修饰形容词或副词并放其后。 ? The pants are long enough for you to put on. ? He runs fast enough. I think nobody else can catch up with him. 5 argue with = have an argument with, 近义短语fight with He seemed unhappy. Has he argued with anyone else? 6 out of style 反义短语为in style, in fashion ? This kind of hairstyle is out of style. ? Why do you those that are out are style ? 7 What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the trouble ? = What's the problem ? What's wrong with sb / sth ? 如，- What's wrong with your watch? - It doesn't work. - What's wrong with Jim? - He failed his math exam. 8 write sb a letter = write a letter to sb = write to sb 9 call sb up = ring sb up = telephone sb = make a phone call to sb 10 "道歉"的表达 ? say sorry You must say sorry when you do something wrong. ? say sorry to sb He hardly ever says sorry to anyone else. ? say sb be sorry He should say he is sorry. 11 a ticket to sth. ? Could you buy me a ticket to a ball game. ? It seems very difficult to get a ticket to the movie. 12 surprise ? n. 令人惊讶的事 It is a pleasant surprise to hear he went to college. What a surprise it is ! ? vt. 令人惊讶 The news surprised everyone. ? to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是，常放在句首。 To our surprise, the 2-month-old baby can speak. ? 由动词surprise转化而来的形容词有surprised和surprising。 ? I was surprised to find myself in a hospital when I woke up. ? It is surprising that he wasn't able to pass the exam. 13 talk about sth with sb on the phone I often talk about my study with my parents on the phone. 14 need ? There is no need to make so much milk shake. ? 情态动词，"必要，需要"，不能用在肯定句中。 - Need I go home to help you with the housework now? - Yes, you must. This evening many friends of mine are coming to see me. ? 行为动词，"需要"。 ? need to do sth. I need to practice my spoken English more. ? need doing The baby needs looking after well. 15 pay for 为.付钱 ? pay for sth / sb. I'm sorry I forgot to pay for the meal. Father was too poor to pay for me. ? pay + money for sth. I paid ten yuan for the taxi. ? pay sb. + money for sth. The boss paid his workers thousands of dollars for their work. 16 "花钱"的表达法 ? spend money in doing sth / on sth ? The Greens spent thousands of yuan travelling in China last week. ? He spent much money on his new apartment. ? cost sb + money ? The bike cost me two hundered yuan. 17 have time = be free Could you come over to my house if you have time? 18 get a part-time job It's pretty easy to get a part-time job in such a big city as Shanghai. 19 borrow sth from sb 反义短语lend sth to sb I'm afraid I can't lend my bike to you because Jim borrowed it from me this morning. 20 either ? adj. (两者中的)任一个 There are many bookstores on either side of the street. ? pron. (两者中的)任一个 - Would you like tea or coffee ? - Either is OK. ? conj. 或;也(用于否定句，常在句尾) ? Either Brazilian team or Italian team will win the soccer game. ? I'm afraid he can't work out this problem, either. 21 ask sb for sth He often asks me for help with computers. 22 have a bake sale People mustn't have a bake sale on either side of the street. 23 the radio advice program 24 I need some money to buy gifts for my family. ? need sth. to do sth. ? He needs some wood and brick to build his house. ? I need some time to study for my English test. ? buy sth for sb = buy sb sth ? Could you buy a newspaper when you pass the post office ? ? Mother often buys me clothes as my birthday gift. 25 He could get a tutor to come to his home. ? get a tutor ? get sb to do sth (tell sb to do sth, ask sb to do sth, make sb do sth, let sb do sth) I often get my best friend to help with my English. Section B 1 original ? adj. 原先，最初的 The original owner of the house moved out last week. ? adj. 新颖的，有创意的 That sounds like an original idea. 2 comfortable ? adj. 舒适的 ? The bed was comfortable and I slept well. ? Are you comfortable in that chair? ? adj. 无痛苦或焦虑的;舒服的 ? The nurse made the sick man comfortable. ? I won't feel comfortable until I pass the exams. 3 same ? the same as His hairstyle looks the same as Jim's. ? the same . as He is the same age as me. 4 in style = in fashion 反义短语为 out of style 5 inexpensive = cheap 反义词为 expensive = dear 6 My friend has nicer clothes than I do. ? than后所接的句子叫比较状语从句，从句常是由“主语 + be动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词”构成的短句。英语助动词为be, have, do, shall, will, should, would;情态动词有:can, could, may, might, must, need, should, will, would等。 ? He is much healthier now than he was last year. ? He is running faster than the others are. (此处is为助动词) ? He has made more money than I have. ? He works harder this term than he did last term. ? He will get much better grades than you will. ? I shall arrive earlier than the others will. ? He said that he would do more housework than his family would. ? He can speak English better than the others can. ? When Pele was young, he could play soccer better than the other children could. ? He should spend more time on his study than his brothers should. ? 在非正式的文体中，比较状语从句后如果没有时间状语，主语后的be动词、助动词、情态动词常被省略;如果是自身