高考英语外刊阅读-中国大学生更偏爱工科和理科.docx

高考英语外刊阅读According to a recent report, Chinese university students are now favoring engineering and science majors over liberal arts ones. This shift has occurred due to the country's focusing on growth powered by technological breakthroughs and high-end manufacturing.The Ministry of Education has also reflected the popularity in the annual adjustment of university majors. Since 2018, when the ministry approved the establishment of AI-related undergraduate majors, 440 universities have started to offer them. In 2019, when 180 universities set up AI majors, they became the top new majors of the year.Many engineering majors are associated with terms such as "intelligent" and "smart," with technological and scientific innovation in mind. Previously, financial and management majors were popular due to their role in driving social and economic progress. However, rising geopolitical tensions have encouraged China to shift its focus toward engineering and science majors.China realizes that technology will be the fundamental engine of future growth and development, and there are still many weak links and bottlenecks in Chinas technological development that require more talent to solve. Therefore, engineering and science majors have become the most popular majors in recent years.Despite the popularity of these majors, students need to be more objective about popular majors and focus on their strengths and passions when selecting their major. Pursuing a popular major in which one has no interest can result in a lack of professional learning and difficulty obtaining a good job.In summary, the demand for engineering and science majors has increased dramatically in China due to the country's focus on technological breakthroughs and high-end manufacturing. While it is essential to contribute to the sector's development, students should prioritize their interests and personal growth when choosing majors.中国大学生更偏爱工科和理科重点词汇序号单词中文1 liberal arts n. 文科2 major n. 专业3 engineering n. 工程学4 science n. 科学5 favored adj. 受欢迎的6 technological adj. 技术的7 breakthroughs n. 突破8 high end adj. 高端的9 manufacturing n. 制造业10 popularity n. 流行程度11 adjustment n. 调整12 approval n. 批准13 establishment n. 建立14 undergraduate adj. 本科的15 associated adj. 相关的16 innovation n. 创新17 financial adj. 金融的18 management n. 管理19 capital n. 资本20 social adj. 社会的21 economic adj. 经济的22 geopolitical adj. 地缘政治的23 tensions n. 紧张关系24 fundamental adj. 基础的25 engine n. 引擎26 weak adj. 薄弱的27 bottlenecks n. 瓶颈问题28 development n. 发展29 talent n. 人才30 AI 缩写词，指人工智能（Artificial Intelligence）31 rapid adj. 快速的32 senior adj. 资深的33 researcher n. 研究人员34 objective adj. 客观的35 societal adj. 社会的36 demand n. 需求37 employment n. 就业38 prospects n. 前景39 strengths n. 优点40 passions n. 热情41 pursue v. 追求42 interested adj. 感兴趣的43 learn v. 学习44 professionally adv. 专业地45 difficult adj. 困难的46 good adj. 好的47 job n. 工作48 shift n. 转变49 sights n. 目光，视野50 universities n. 大学阅读理解1. What is the reason for the shift in Chinese university students' majors?A. The popularity of financial and management majors.B. The encouragement of geopolitical tensions.C. The focus on growth powered by technological breakthroughs and high-end manufacturing. D. The establishment of AI-related undergraduate majors.2. How many universities started to offer AI-related undergraduate majors after the Ministry of Education approved them in 2018?A. 180B. 440C. 2019D. None of the above 3. Why did financial and management majors used to be popular in China?A. They were associated with intelligence and innovation.B. They were considered important for social and economic progress.C. They had been established as new majors by many universities. D. There is no information provided in the article.4. What encouraged China to shift its focus towards engineering and science majors?A. Strong cultural traditions.B. Rising geopolitical tensions.C. Decreasing enrollment in liberal arts majors.D. Increased interest in technology among university students.5. What does the popularity of "intelligent" and "smart" engineering majors suggest?A. That there is a need for more technological innovation in China.B. That financial and management majors are becoming outdated.C. That liberal arts majors are no longer relevant.D. That university students are becoming more interested in science fiction.6. What warning does the article give to Chinese students regarding popular majors?A. They should focus on their strengths and passions when selecting their major.B. Pursuing a popular major can lead to professional success regardless of one's interests.C. Majoring in engineering or science is the only way to obtain a good job in today's market.D. There is no warning provided in the article.7. What does the Ministry of Education do in regard to university majors?A. It selects the most popular new majors each year.B. It adjusts university majors annually.C. It approves university majors based on student demand.D. There is no specific information provided in the article.8. According to the article, what should be the most important factor for Chinese university students when selecting their majors?A. The popularity of the major.B. The potential for future earnings in the field.C. Personal interests and growth.D. The recommendation of family and friends.重点词汇练习请根据英语单词写出或口述出相应的中文含义。单词中文单词中文 liberal arts associated major innovation engineering financial science management favored capital technological social breakthroughs economic high end geopolitical manufacturing tensions popularity fundamental adjustment engine approval weak establishment bottlenecks undergraduate development talent pursue rapid professionally senior difficult researcher good objective job societal shift demand sights employment pursue prospects passions 阅读理解教师解析版1. What is the reason for the shift in Chinese university students' majors?A. The popularity of financial and management majors.B. The encouragement of geopolitical tensions.C. The focus on growth powered by technological breakthroughs and high-end manufacturing. D. The establishment of AI-related undergraduate majors.【答案】C【解析】文章指出，由于中国国家注重以技术突破和高端制造为动力的增长，因此导致了中国大学生专业选择中工程和科学类专业的转变。2. How many universities started to offer AI-related undergraduate majors after the Ministry of Education approved them in 2018?A. 180B. 440C. 2019D. None of the above 【答案】B【解析】文章提到，自2018年教育部批准设置AI相关本科专业以来，已经有440所大学开始开设此类专业，因此选项B是正确的。3. Why did financial and management majors used to be popular in China?A. They were associated with intelligence and innovation.B. They were considered important for social and economic progress.C. They had been established as new majors by many universities. D. There is no information provided in the article.【答案】B【解析】文章指出，由于在过去的社会和经济进步中起着重要作用，因此金融和管理专业曾经很受欢迎。4. What encouraged China to shift its focus towards engineering and science majors?A. Strong cultural traditions.B. Rising geopolitical tensions.C. Decreasing enrollment in liberal arts majors.D. Increased interest in technology among university students.【答案】B【解析】文章提到由于地缘政治的紧张局势不断上升，鼓励中国将目光转向工科和理科专业。5. What does the popularity of "intelligent" and "smart" engineering majors suggest?A. That there is a need for more technological innovation in China.B. That financial and management majors are becoming outdated.C. That liberal arts majors are no longer relevant.D. That university students are becoming more interested in science fiction.【答案】A【解析】文章说明，许多工科专业都与“智能”和“高效”相关联，这意味着在中国需要更多技术创新。6. What warning does the article give to Chinese students regarding popular majors?A. They should focus on their strengths and passions when selecting their major.B. Pursuing a popular major can lead to professional success regardless of one's interests.C. Majoring in engineering or science is the only way to obtain a good job in today's market.D. There is no warning provided in the article.【答案】A【解析】文章指出，选择专业时，虽然科学和工程专业很受欢迎，但学生们仍然需要更加客观，并优先考虑自己的兴趣和个人成长。7. What does the Ministry of Education do in regard to university majors?A. It selects the most popular new majors each year.B. It adjusts university majors annually.C. It approves university majors based on student demand.D. There is no specific information provided in the article.【答案】B【解析】文章说到教育部每年会进行选修专业的审批和调整。8. According to the article, what should be the most important factor for Chinese university students when selecting their majors?A. The popularity of the major.B. The potential for future earnings in the field.C. Personal interests and growth.D. The recommendation of family and friends.【答案】C【解析】虽然文章指出中国工程和科学类专业的需求增长很快，但作者强调学生们在选择专业时应该优先考虑自己的兴趣和个人成长。学科网（北京）股份有限公司