2018年中考英语试题分项版解析汇编（第01期）10阅读理解（任务型阅读）（含解析）.pdf

专题1 0 阅读理解（任务型阅读）1.【2018年江苏省宿迁市】任务型阅读阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填写表格，每空限填一词。A g o o d bo o k c a n be s a t i s f y i n g,c a n i m p r o v e y o u r k n o w l e d g e a n d c a n t e a c h y o u a l o t.Th e r e a r e s e v e r a lw a y s t o d e v e l o p a l i f e t i m e r e a d i n g h a bi t.Se t t i m e s.Yo u s h o u l d h a v e a f e w s e t t i m e s e v e r y d a y w h e n y o u 11 r e a d f o r a t l e a s t 5-10 m i n u t e s,n o m a t t e r w h a t h a p p e n s.Fo r e x a m p l e,m a k e i t a h a bi t t o r e a d d u r i n g br e a k f a s t a n d l u n c h(a n d e v e n d i n n e r i f y o u e a t a l o n e).Al w a y s c a r r y a bo o k,No m a t t e r w h e r e y o u g o,t a k e a bo o k w i t h y o u.Wh e n y o u l e a v e t h e h o u s e,m a k e s u r e t o h a v e a t l e a s t o n e bo o k.Yo u m a y k e e p t h e bo o k i n t h e c a r,o r i n t o t h e o f f i c e o rt o a n y w h e r e y o u g o,u n l e s s y o u r e s u r e y o u w o n t h a v e t i m e t o r e a d.Ma k e a l i s t,Ke e p a l i s t o f a l l t h e g r e a t bo o k s y o u w a n t t o r e a d.Yo u c a n k e e p t h i s i n a p o c k e tn o t e bo o k.Be s u r e t o a d d t o i t w h e n e v e r y o u h e a r a bo u t a g o o d bo o k.Ke e p a r u n n i n g l i s t,a n d c r o s so u t t h e o n e s y o u h a v e r e a d.Fi n d a q u i e t p l a c e.Fi n d a p l a c e i n y o u r h o m e w h e r e y o u c a n s i t i n a c o m f o r t a bl e c h a i r w i t h o u tt e l e v i s i o n o r c o m p u t e r n e a r t h e c h a i r.Th e r e s h o u l d be n o m u s i c o r n o i s y f a m i l y m e m be r s.Se t ah i g h a i m.Fo r e x a m p l e.Te l l y o u r s e l f t h a t y o u w a n t t o r e a d 50 bo o k s t h i s y e a r.Yo u r be s t t o f i n i s hr e a d i n g t h e m.Ju s t be s u r e y o u，r e s t i l l e n j o y i n g t h e r e a d i n g.Ti t l e:Wa y s t o71a l i f e t i m e r e a d i n g h a bi tSe t t i m e sRe a d f o r a t l e a s t 5-10 m i n u t e s,n o m a t t e r w h a t 72Ma k e i t a 73 t o r e a d d u r i n g br e a k f a s t a n d l u n c h.Al w a y s c a r r y a bo o kCa r r y a t l e a s t o n e bo o k w h e n 71 t h e h o u s e.Ke e p t h e bo o k n o m a t t e r 75 y o u g o.Ma k e a 76 77 t o i t w h e n y o u h e a r a bo u t a g o o d bo o k.Cr o s s o u t t h e o n e s y o u h a v e r e a d.Fi n d a q u i e t p l a c e Si t i n a 78 c h a i r.Ma k e s u r e n o m u s i c o r n o i s y f a m i l y m e m be r s t r o u bl e y o u.79 a h i g h a i m Do y o u r 80 t o f i n i s h r e a d i n g t h e m.Be s u r e t o e n j o y t h e r e a d i n g.【答案】71.d e v e l o p72.h a p p e n s73.h a bi t74.l e a v i n g75.w h e r e76.l i s t77.Ad d78.c o m f o r t a bl e79.Se t80.be s t【解析】试题分析：本文就如何养成终身阅读习惯的好习惯，作者给出了五点建议：设定时间，随身带书,列好书单，找好地方，设定目标。71.考查主旨理解题。根 据 There are several ways to develop a lifetime reading habiL和短文给出的阅读建议,可知填develop072.考查细节理解题。根据 You should have a few set times even,day v,*hen you-ll read for at least 5 10minutes,no matter what happens.可知填 happens。73.考查细节理解题。(a n d e v e n d i n n e r i f根据 Fo r e x a m p l e,m a k e i t a h a bi t t o r e a d d u r i n g br e a k f a s t a n d l u n c hy o u e a t a l o n e).,可知填 h a bi t。7 4.考查细节理解题。根据 Wh e n y o u l e a v e t h e h o u s e,m a k e s u r et o h a v e a t l e a s t o n e bo o k.,可知填 l e a v i n g,7 5.考查细节理解题。根据 No m a t t e r w h e r e y o ug o,t a k e a bo o kw i t h y o u.,可知填 w h e r e。7 6.考查细节理解题。根据 Ma k e a l i s t,Ke e p al i s t o f a l l t h eg r e a t bo o k s y o u w a n t t o r e a d.,可知 填 l i s t。7 7.考查细节理解题。根据 Be s u r e t o a d d t o i tw h e n e v e r y o u h e a r a bo u t a g o o d bo o k.,可知填 Ad d。78.考查归纳概括题。根据 Fi n d a p l a c e i n y o u r h o m e w h e r e y o u c a n s i t i n a c o m f o r t a bl e c h a i r w i t h o u tt e l e v i s i o n o r c o m p u t e r n e a r t h e c h a i r.,可知填 c o m f o r t a bl e。79.考查细节理解题。根据最后的建议Set ah呜 h aim.,可知填Set。80.考查细节理解题。根 据 Your bust to fm:shreadmg them.,可知填best。点睛：阅读短文填空题。即根据文章的表层意思进行深层次的推理判断，组织语言填充句子。首先要粗读文章了解大意，其次通过细读，理解全文。在粗读的基础上，仔细阅读题后所给的题目，根据题目要求，再有重点地返回来仔细阅读。在阅读时要注意辨认和记忆具体事实和重要情节，包括事物的起因、过程、结果及发生的地点、时间等，这对题目的判断至关重要，需要考生综合所有的细节来理解把握。2.【2018年山东德州市中考】阅读表达阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。In early spring,the changing temperature usually makes a number of Chinese people uncomfortable.Cold air,bringing rain or even snow,easily tears up（破坏）the warmth of the spring within anight（一夜之间）.However,with the coming of Guyu-the Grain（谷物）Rain,the blue sky and gentle winds would finallystay.Falling usually on or around A pril 20 every year,Guyu is the sixth of the 24 solar terms（节气）.It means the beginning of a lively summer and people get busy from now on.So w （播种）g r a i n sThis is an important period of the growth of grains.The ancient Chinese already knew that asGuyu comes,the weather will become warm enough for sowing.The farmers usually catch the chanceto plant rice,corn and beans.Ho p e f o r s a f e t y a n d h a r v e s tFor those living near the sea,they will hold some ceremonies（仪式）on Guyu,hoping for safetyas well as harvest during the coming fishing season.Wa t c h t h e p e o n yIt s also a great time to see the peony（牡丹）,which is known as“the Queen of A l 1 Flowers”in Chinese culture.A s a result,watching peonies becomes one of the most enjoyable activitiesfor many.The flower is said to be the favourite of E mpress（女皇）Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty,who was the only woman ruler in Chinese history.Pick tea leavesTe a l e a v e s p i c k e d be f o r e Gu y u a r e a m o n g t h e be s t t e a l e a v e s.Pe o p l e be l i e v e t h a t t h e t e a l e a v e sp i c k e d o n t h e d a y o f Gu y u c a n m a k e e y e s c l e a r a n d d r i v e a w a y ba d l u c k.So t h e h a bi t o f d r i n k i n gt e a a t t h i s t i m e o f y e a r h a s be c o m e a t r a d i t i o n i n s o m e p l a c e s o f Ch i n a.37.Wh e n d o e s Gu y u u s u a l l y c o m e e v e r y y e a r?38.Wh y i s Gu y u a n i m p o r t a n t t i m e f o r s o w i n g g r a i n s?39.Tr a n s l a t e t h e u n d e r l i n e d s e n t e n c e i n t o Ch i n e s e.40.Li s t(歹!J表)a c t i v i t i e s o n Gu y u a c c o r d i n g t o t h e p a s s a g e (a t l e a s t t w o).41.Gi v e a p r o p e r t i t l e t o t h e p a s s a g e.【答案】37.It u s u a l l y c o m e s o n o r a r o u n d Ap r i l 20 e v e r y y e a r.38.Be c a u s e a s Gu y u c o m e s,t h e w e a t h e r w i l l be c o m e w a r m e n o u g h f o r s o w i n g.3 9.结果，对于很多人来说，观赏牡丹成为最令人愉悦的活动之一。4 0.(l)S o w g r ain.(2)Ho p e f o r s af et y an d h ar v es t.(3)W at ch t h e p eo n y (4)P ick t ea l eav es.(回答其中任意两条，即可得分)4 1.(O n e/T h e s ix t h o f t h e 24 s o l ar t er m s-)Gu y u/T h e Gr ain R ain【解析】文章介绍了二十四节气中的第六个节气-谷雨。37.细节理解题V h en do u s Gu y u u s u al：,co m e ev er y”小，意为谷雨通常每年什么时候到来？”由文章第二段第二行三心阻u au al l y o n o r ar o u n d Ap r il 20 ev u r y y ear”可知,谷雨通常在4月20号或者4月20号前后到来。故答案是It u s u al：,co m es o n o r ar o u n d Ap r:l 20 ev en e y ear:o38 .细节理解题。W h y is Gu y u an im p o r t an t t im e f o r s o w in g g r ain s?意 为“为什么谷雨对于播种粮食来说是一个重要的时间？”由文章第三段 T h is is an im p o r t an t p er io d o f t h e g r o w t h o f g r ain s.T h ean cien t Ch in es e al r eady k n ew t h at as Gu y u co m es,t h e w eat h er w il l beco m e w ar m en o u g h f o r s o w in g.可 知“古代中国人就已经知道当谷雨来临时，天气会变得足够暖和，适合播种。又回答的是原因，要用becau s e来回答。故答案为：Becau s e as Gu y u co m es,t h e w eat h er w il l beco m e w ar m en o u g h f o rs o w in g.39.Translate.into.把.翻注成.；Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.意思是,把划线句子翻建成汉语。注意得分点，as a result结果；one o f之一；the most enjoyable最令人愉悦的。故答案为结果,对于很多人来说，观赏壮丹成为最令人愉悦的活动之一：。4 0.题干的意思是，根据文章列举谷雨的活动。（至少两条）At l eas t至少；故答案在大标题中任选两个即可（1）S o w g r ain s,（2）Ho p e f o r s af et y an d h ar v es t.4 1.主旨大意题。题干的意思是，给文章起一个合适的标题。文章主要介绍了二十四节气中的第六个节气。故答案为：T h e s ix t h o f t h e 24 s o l ar t er m s Gu y u/T h e Gr ain R ain 或者单纯写 Gu y u 也可以。3.【2018年山东济宁地区中考】阅读短文，根据要求完成文后的题目。T h er e w as o n ce a K in g an d h e w an t ed t o f in d o u t w h o co u l d p ain t t h e bes t p ict u r e o f p eace.An dh e w o u l d o f f er a p r iz e t o t h e ar t is t.M an y ar t is t s t r ied.T h e K in g l o o k ed at al l t h e p ict u r esbu t t h er e w er e o n l y t w o h e r eal l y l ik ed an d h e h ad t o ch o o s e bet w een t h em.O n e p ict u r e w as o f a cal m（平静的）l ak e.T h e l ak e w as a p er f ect m ir r o r f o r p eacef u l m o u n t ain s al lar o u n d it.O v er h ead w as a bl u e s k y w it h w h it e s o f t cl o u ds.Ev er y o n e t h o u g h t t h at w as a p er f ectp ict u r e o f p eace.T h e o t h er p ict u r e h ad m o u n t ain s t o o.Bu t t h es e w er e r u g g ed（崎岖的）an d bar e（无遮蔽的）.Abo v e w as an an g r y s k y,An d it w as r ain in g an d l ig h t en in g.Do w n t h e s ide o f t h e m o u n t ain,a w at er f al lf el l q u ick l y.T h is did n o t l o o k p eacef u l at al l.Bu t w h en t h e K in g l o o k ed car ef u l l y,h e s aw beh in d t h e w at er f al l a bu s h（矮树丛）g r o w in g in a cr ack（裂缝）in t h e r o ck.In t h e bu s h a m o t h er bir d h ad bu il t h er n es t （巢，窝）,T h er e,s h e s ato n h er n es t in p er f ect p eace.W h ich p ict u r e do y o u t h in k w o n t h e p r iz e?T h e K in g ch o s e t h e s eco n d p ict u r e.Becau s e,“s aid t h e K in g,“p eace do es n o t m ean t o be in a p l acew h er e t h er e is n o n o is e,t r o u bl e,o r h ar d w o r k.P eace m ean s t o be ic t h e m iddl e o f al l t h o s e t h in g san d s t il l be cal m in y o u r h ear t.T h at is t h e r eal m ean in g o f p eace.4 1.W h at did t h e K in g w an t t h e ar t is t s t o do?（n o m o r e t h an 10 w o r ds）4 2.W h at did ev er y o n e t h in k o f t h e 1s t p ict u r e?（n o m o r e t h an 7 w o r ds）4 3.W h y did t h e K in g ch o o s e t h e 2n d p ict u r e?(n o m o r e t h an 11 w o r ds)4 4 .请将文中画线的句子翻译成汉语4 5 .请给短文拟一个适当的英文题目【答案】4 1.T o p ain t t h e bes t p ict u r e o f p eace.4 2.T h at w as a p er f ect p ict u r e o f p eace4 3.Becau s e h e t h o u g h t it h ad t h e r eal m ean in g o f p eace.4 4.身处如此多的烦扰之中，而依然能心存安宁，才是真正的宁静。4 5.R eal M ean in g o f P eace【解析】本文主要讲的是国王寻找关于和平的最佳画作的故事，在评价环节出现了两幅画作，国王却喜欢那副大众不在意的，画面中充满噪音、喧闹的画作，后来国王以独特的视角做出了解释，认为真正的平和是内心的平和。4 1.题干意思：国王想让艺术家做什么？（不超过1 0 个单词）。文章首句uT h e r e was o n ce a Ki n g an dh e wan t e d t o f i n d o ut wh o co ul d pai n t t h e be s t pi ct ur e o f pe ace.（曾经有一位国王，他想找出谁可以画出关于和平的最佳画作。），所以可以得出国王的目的，这里用不定式结构来表达目的，填 T。pai n t t h e be s t pi ct ur e o f pe ace.4 2 .题干意思：每个人对第一张照片有什么看法？（不超过7个单词），原 文 E ve r y o n e t h o ug h t t h at wasa pe r f e ct pi ct ur e o f pe ace.（每个人都认为这是和平的完美图景。），从这里可以得出每个人对第一张图的观点，故填 T h at was a pe r f e ct pi ct ur e o f pe ace.4 3 .题干意思：为什么国王选择了第二张照片？（不超过1 1 个单词），原 文uB e caus e pe ace d o e s n o t m e ant o be i n a pl ace wh e r e t h e r e i s n o n o i s e,t r o ubl e,o r h ar d wo r k.（因为和平并不意味着在没有噪音，麻烦或辛勤工作的地方。），这句话是国王做出的解释，为了用限定的字数回答问题，可以改写成”他认为这幅画拥有和平的真实含义”，填 B e caus e h e t h o ug h t i t h ad t h e r e al m e an i n g o f pe ace.4 4 .m e an 为 意 思 是 ；at h o s e t h i n g s”指的是“n o i s e,t r o ubl e,o r h ar d wo r k”这些烦扰之事，“be cal m i n y o ur h e ar t 意思是“内心要宁静，要冷静”,整合起来，就是：身处如此多的烦扰之中，而依然能心存安宁，才是真正的宁静。4 5 .本文主要讲的是国王寻找关于和平的最佳画作的故事，在评价环节，国王以独特的视角解释了和平真正的含义，所以标题可以选“R e al M e an i n g o f P e ace 。4.【2 0 1 8 年山东聊城地区中考】阅读下面短文，根据其内容完成后面各项任务。W h o s wo r k i n g wh i l e y o u r e as l e e p?P o l i ce o f f i ce r sS o m e po l i ce o f f i ce r s an s we r cal l s e ve r y n i g h t at t h e s t at i o n.O t h e r s g o ar o un d t h e t o wn an d ci t yo n f o o t o r i n car s.因为他们辛勤工作，你才能安然入睡。F i r e f i g h t e r s （消防队员）E ve n at n i g h t,f i r e f i g h t e r s ar e r e ad y t o h e l p.W h e n e ve r t h e y g e t a cal l,t h e y wi l l g o at o n cot。f i g h t f i r e s an d h e l p pe o pl e.D o ct o r sI f y o u g e t s i ck o r h ur t at n i g h t,d o ct o r s can t ak e car e o f y o u at t h e h o s pi t al.T h e d o ct o r wi l le xam i n e（检查）y o u,g i ve y o u m e d i ci n e an d e ve n d o an o pe r at i o n（手术）o n y o u.B ak e r s （糕饼师傅）Y o u m ay n e ve r t h i n k t h at bak e r s o f t e n s t ar t t h e d ay wh i l e y o u ar e s t i l l as l e e p.T h e y pr e par e al lt h e t h i n g s t h e y n e e d f o r t h e d ay an d t h e n s t ar t wo r k i n g.B ak e r s wan t t h e i r br e ad an d cak e s t obe f r e s h an d d e l i ci o us e ve r y d ay.I n f act,m an y o t h e r pe o pl e wo r k at n i g h t.L e t s t h a n k t h e m f o r e v e r y t h i n g t h e y d o f o r u s.4 1.将文中划线的汉语句子译成英语。4 2.将文中划线的英语句子译成汉语。4 3 .回答问题：H o w m a n y k i n d s o f t h i n g s c a n t h e d o c t o r d o a t n i g h t?44.回答问题：W h a t d o b a k e r s p r e p a r e b e f o r e t h e y s t a r t w o r k i n g?4 5 .从文中找出与下面所给句子意思相同的句子。I t s t r u e t h a t a l o t o f p e o p l e a s w e l l a s t h e s e p e o p l e w o r k a t n i g h t.【答案】4 1.B e c a u s e o f t h e i r h a r d w o r k/B e c a u s e t h e y w o r k h a r d,y o u c a n s l e e p s a f e l y.4 2.无论何时接到电话，他们都会立即去灭为救人。4 3 .T h r e e/34 4 .T h e y （B a k e r s）p r e p a r e a l l t h e t h i n g s t h e y n e e d f o r t h e d a y./A l l t h e t h i n g s t h e y n e e d f o rt h e d a y.4 5 .I n f a c t,m a n y o t h e r p e o p l e w o r k a t n i g h t.【解析】文章介绍了几个你在睡觉时，仍然在工作的职业。4 1.根据 w o r k h a r d 努力工作；s l e e p s a f e l y 安然入睡；故答案是 B e c a u s e o f t h e i r h a r d w o r k/B e c a u s et h e y w o r k h a r d,y o u c a n s l e e p s a f e l y.4 2.根据g e t a c a l l 接到电话；a t o n c e 立刻；f i g h t f i r e s 救火；故答案是：无论何时接到电话，他们都会立即去灭为救人。4 3 .根据 I f y o u g e t s i c k o r h u r t a t n i g h t,d o c t o r s c a n t a k e c a r e o f y o u a t t h e h o s p i t a l.T h e d o c t o rw i l l e x a m i n e（检查）y o u,g i v e y o u m e d i c i n e a n d e v e n d o a n o p e r a t i o n（手术）o n y o u.故答案是：T h r e e/344.根据 They prepare all the things they need for the day 故答案是 Biey i.Bakers）prepare all the things they needfor the day.All the things they need for the day.45.根据 Its true that a lot of people as well as these peop：e work at irght.许多人在晚上仍然在工作，那是事实：故答案是 In fact many other people work at night.5.【2018 年山东省青岛】阅读下面短文，完 成 5 1 至 5 4 题。T v e a l w a y s h a d a p r e t t y c l e a r i d e a o f w h a t I w a n t t o d o.s a y s M a r y,a m i d d l e s c h o o l s t u d e n tw h ow a n t s t o b e c o m e a d i r e c t o r s o m e d a y.Y o u m a y n o t b e a s s u r e o f y o u r c a r e e r （职业）a s M a r y.B u ty o u c a n s t a r t t h i n k i n g a b o u t a n d p l a n n i n g f o r y o u r f u t u r e c a r e e r.T h e f o l l o w i n g a r t i c l e h e l p s m i d d l e s c h o o l s t u d e n t s p l a n f o r c a r e e r s.Ex p l o r e （探索）y o u r i n t e r e s t sM a n y m i d d l e s c h o o l s t u d e n t s d o n t y e t k n o w w h a t t h e y w a n t t o d o.B u t i n f a c t,s t u d e n t s m a y c h a n g et h e i r m i n d s s e v e r a l t i m e s,p e r h a p s e v e n a f t e r t h e y e n t e r s o c i e t y.A n d s o m e o f t o m o r r o w?sc a r e e r s m i g h t n o t e x i s t （存在）t o d a y.Fo c u s i n g