2020学年中考英语解题技巧-C、D篇阅读专练（解析版）.pdf
中考CD篇阅读一、细节理解题1.审题读题干，确定题目类型。细节理解题的常见设问方式为：(l)Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?(2)What does the writer pay the least attention to?(3)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.(4)A11 of the following statements may be true/false except.(5)Which of the following is not the result of.?(6)Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of.?(7)When/Where/Why/Who/How/What.?2.解题(1)用略读的方法通读阅读材料，对原文有一个大概的了解，掌握其主旨。(2)按文章的体裁，如记叙文、说明文或议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如 forexample,first,second等预测应该在何处寻找自己所需要的事实。(3)把主要精力放在寻找自己所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z 形扫视，直至找到所需要的部分。待找到所需要的部分时，可放慢速度，细读要查找的内容。【特别提醒】细节理解题主要是对文中某个短语、句子、段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文中找到，所以解题时务必牢记要忠于原文的上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。二、主旨大意题1.审题读题干，确定题目类型。主旨大意题的常见设问方式为：Whats the main idea of this passage?(2)What does the passage mainly tell us?(3)What does the passage mainly discuss?(4)The writer means to tell us t hat.(5)The main idea of the passage is t hat.(6)The passage is mainly a b o u t.(7)From the passage we can leam/conclude t hat.(8)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned wi t h.(9)Whats the best title for the passage?(10)What would be the best title for the passage?(11)The best title/headline(标题)for the passage is.2.解题(1)中心思想类的主旨大意题找准全文的主题句是中心思想类的主旨大意题的关键。河北省中考试卷的文章多以演绎型文章为主，即提出观点,然后列举论据，举例说明。故文章多以总分关系为主，所以其主题句的常见位置为首段首句或首段尾句。但也不排除归纳型文章，即列举事例，然后归纳总结观点，所以尾段首句和尾句也要多留意。(2)标题类主旨大意题其常见解题技巧有：根据主题句确定标题即先确定好本文的主题句，然后选择和主题句一致的标题。根据高频词汇确定标题通览全文看看哪些关键词出现频率较高，那么就倾向于选择含有这些关键词的标题。用好“双向法”即根据标题内容去推测文章应该具体讲些什么。反过来再根据文本内容去结合标题。两个方向综合考虑，就可以选出正确标题。【特别提醒】主旨大意题主要考查对文本中心思想的掌握和理解情况。解答这类试题时，一定不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,一定要结合主题句去做题。三、词义猜测题1.审题读题干，确定题目类型。词义猜测题的常见设问方式为：(l)Whats the meaning of the underlined word/phrase.in Chinese?(2)The underlined word.refers to/probably means.(3)The underlined word.could be replaced by.(4)What is the meaning of.?(5)Which of the following words can take the place of the word.?2.解题(1)单词释义法在画线单词后可能会有 一 或that means./that is to say.”等表解释说明的句子，这时只要把这句话理解到位，就能顺利猜出画线词的词义。(2)举例法在画线单词后可能会有“for example,such as”等引导的例子，这时只要把这些例子读懂，就能顺利猜出画线单词的意思.(3)代入法将四个选项逐个代入原文并结合上下文进行翻译，可以结合上下文内容从感情基调、褒义、贬义等角度进行各选项间的对比，这时就能顺利猜出画线单词的意思。(4)构词法有时可以结合构词法进行词义猜测，即从合成词、派生词的前后缀、词性和词义的转化的角度去考虑画线单词，这对于猜出画线单词的词义较有帮助。四、推理判断题1.审题读题干，确定题目类型。推理判断题的常见设问方式为:(l)It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that.(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?(3)The writer suggests that.(4)The writer uses the example of.to show that.(5)Whats the writers attitude toward.?(6)What5s the writers purpose of writing the passage?(7)From the passage,we know.(8)The writer probably agrees that.2.解题(1)透过现象看本质通过阅读文本，透过文章表面文字信息推断文章的隐含意思，领悟作者的思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。(2)牢记一定以原文为前提一定要以原文为前提，根据作者的观点(非考生观点)，客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予逻辑推理，做出一定解释。【特别提醒】推理判断题一定要从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的观点和看法。中考真题训练People like different colors.Girls always like pink or purple.Boys usually like blue or brown.Why people likedifferent colors?Do you want to know the secrets of colors?Just read on.People like different colors because of their cultures and countries.For the Egyptians,green is the color thatrepresents the hope and joy of spring.For Muslims,green means heaven.Red is a symbol of good luck in manycultures.In China,children are given money in a red envelope.Chinese people think red can bring good luck tothem in the New Year.In some countries,blue is a symbol of protection.Greek people often wear blue necklaces inorder to protect themselves.Peoples choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions toward them.Green is said to be themost relaxing color.It can make people relaxed.Red can cause a person?s blood pressure to rise and increasepeoples appetites.Many restaurant owners will decorate their restaurants with red things.Red is also a color thatcan catch a persons eye easily.That is why some shopping websites always have recTBUY NOW,5buttons.Blue isanother calming color.Unlike red,blue can cause people to lose appetite.So if you want to lose weight,using bluebowls and plates may be helpful.l.The underlined wordrepresentsprobably m e a n s i n English.A.calls fbr B.stands forC.cares fbr D.prepares for2.Why do many restaurant owners like to use red things to decorate their restaurants?A.Because red can bring hope and joy.B.Because red can bring them good luck.C.Because red can make customers eat more.D.Because red can catch customers eye easily.3.If you want to eat less,you can use bowls and plates.A.blue B.red C.green D.pink4.Which of the following is mentioned in the text?A.Why the Egyptians like red and blue.B.What Chinese people think of black.C.Why shopping websites have redt4BUY NOWbuttons.D.What the most popular colors for young people are.5.Whats the best title for the text?A.Teenagers,favorite colors B.Colors and their symbolsC.Colors and cultures D.The secrets of colors1.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。由后文“For Muslims,green means heaven.Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures.可知画线词“represents”的意思应接近“means（意思是）”和“is a symbol of（是 的象征）A 项 要求，提倡”,B项“代表，象征”,C 项“关心，照顾”,D 项“为.做 准 备 represents”的意思可能是“stands ibr”,选 Bo2.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“Red can cause a person s blood pressure to rise and increasepeople s appetites.”可知答案应为 C。3.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一句So if you want to lose weight,using blue bowls and plates may behelpful.”可知答案应为A。4.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“That is why some shopping websites always have red BUY NOWbuttons.”可 矢 II应选 Co5.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Do you want to know the secrets of colors?Just read on.”可知文章是围绕“The secrets of colors”展开的，故 D 项为最佳标题。You may know about junk fbod“like French fries.But do you know about“junk sleep”？Recently,a British survey found that electronic products in teenagers9 bedrooms are having a bad influence ontheir sleep.The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 16.It found that fifty percent of them got just 4 to 7hours sleep every day.But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.Almost a quarter of the kids said they fell asleep more than once a week while watching TV,listening to musicor using electronic products.“This is very worrying,said Dr Chris Idzikowski,a British professor.uWe call it Junk sleep.It means youdonLlt get enough sleep and the quality（质量）of the sleep is bad,too.If you don Lit get a good rest,you can Litperform well in school the next day.The survey found that quite a few of the kids felt tired each day,with girls between 13 and 16 feeling the worst.Nearly all the teenagers have a phone,an MP5 or a TV in their bedrooms.And lots of them have all the three.1 .What does this passage mainly talk about?A.Junk food.B.Junk sleep.C.Electronic products.D.The importance of sleep.2.of the children in the survey sleep only 4 to 7 hours a day.A.200 B.250 C.500 D.1,0003.“Junk foodandjunk sleepare similar to each other in the way t hat.A.they are both low in quality B.they are both needed in our lifeC.they are both enjoyed on weekends D.they are both necessary for peoples health4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Teenagers need 4 to 7 hours of sleep each day.B.Few of the teenagers have electronic products in their bedrooms.C.Teenagers spend too much time on electronic products.D.Girls between 15 and 16 spend the least time on electronic products.5.Which should be the best choice to solve the problem?A.Parents must take the electronic products away from their children.B.Parents prevent the teenagers from using any electronic product.C.Teenagers should make a rule to spend less time on the electronic products.D.Teenagers should make a decision not to use the electronic products at school.1.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。由第一段第二句和整篇文章内容可知，全文是在讲“垃圾睡眠”。2.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由第三段第一、二句可知,1,000的50%是500。3.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。垃圾睡眠”像“垃圾食品”样属于低质量的。倒数第二段倒数第二句提到了。4.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由第二段和第三段可知。5.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。A、B 项太绝对,D 项说的是在学校不用，都不符合文意,C 项说的是制定规则，少花时间用电子产品，比较合理。What should you do if there?s an earthquake at school?How can you protect yourself when you are caught in astampede（踩踏）？March 25 this year provides you with a good chance to learn about safety.This day is called the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle SchoolStudents（NDESEMSS）（全国中小学生安全教育日）.The theme of the day this year is to give students moreknowledge about safety and make sure their lives are safe.A survey done by the China Youth and Children Research Center showed that school accidents kill moreelementary and middle school students than anything else.The main accidents come from stampedes,earthquakes,fires and sports injuries（伤害）.What can we do to keep ourselves safe?Staying calm（镇静）is the first and most important rule when facingaccidents.But different accidents have different self-protection advice.A stampede is possible anywhere.The larger a human crowd gets,the more likely stampedes become.Whenstudents around you begin to push,stand still and try to hold on to something,or stay in a corner until the crowdleaves.If you fall down in a moving crowd,cover your head with both hands.Earthquakes are common natural disasters（灾难）.When you feel the ground shake,drop down,take coverunder a desk and hold on.You should stay indoors until the shaking stops.If you are outdoors,donLlt stay nearbuildings,trees or power lines.When theres a fire,follow the teachers9 instructions,leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth tocover your mouth and nose so that you dont breathe in smoke.1.Whats the theme of NDESEMSS this year?A.To give students more knowledge about accidents and make them run away.B.To give students more knowledge about health and make sure they eat healthily.C.To give students more knowledge about science and make their study better.D.To give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives are safe.2.What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage?A.Keep calm.B.Stand there.C.Run away.D.Cry loudly.3.According to this passage,which of the following is TRUE?A.Car accidents kill the most elementary and middle school students of all accidents.B.If you fall down in a moving crowd,you can do nothing but wait there.C.When there5s a fire,you should use cloth to cover your mouth and nose.D.When an earthquake happens,you should stay near buildings and trees.4.What,s the best title fbr this passage?A.Be afraid of accidents B.How to protect yourselfC.Run away from accidents D.The earthquake is coming1.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。首先要明确theme是主题的意思，然后根据第二段的第二句The theme of the day this yearis to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives are safe.可知答案为 D。2.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的 Staying calm（镇静）is the first and most important rule when facing accidents.可知发生危险时我们要保持镇静。故选Ao3.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由第三段第一句可知A 项错误;如果在移动的人群中摔倒了，要用双手护住头，所 以 B选项中说什么都不做，只是等待是不对的;如果发生地震，应该远离建筑物和树木，而 D 选项说应该靠近建筑物和树木是不对的。所以本题选Cc4.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。本篇文章讲述了什么是全国中小学生安全教育日，及一旦发生踩踏、地震、火灾时学生应该怎样保护自己，所以B“怎样保护你自己”最合适。四A few weeks ago,I participated（参 力 口）in a camping trip at Pitt Lake.I spent three days and two nights there.It was a new experience for me,so I was both nervous and excited at first.Fortunately,the weather wasbeautiful,so we got off to a good start.Because there were so many participants-including both instructors（教练）and students-we had one big canoe（独木舟）and one smaller canoe.I chose to be in the smaller canoe with myfriend Mitra,but we soon found that this was not a wise choice.In order to keep up with the bigger canoe,we hadto paddle（戈 II桨）hard.My arms quickly became sore and my hands became numb（麻木的）.To take our minds offthe pain,Mitra and I playedfc 20 questionswhile paddling.In this game,one person thinks of an object and the otherperson asks 20 questions to try and work out what the object is.We had a good laugh before we finally arrived atthe campsite.We started a campfire soon after we arrived.At night,we gathered around the fire,roasting marshmallows（棉花糖）and listening to horror stories.Some of the other campers put their wet shoes and socks beside the fire to dry.However,because of the wind,one pair of socks almost caught fire.Everyone panicked（惊慌）一one person got soscared that he fell out of his folding chair.Everyone thought it was pretty funny!The time flew quickly.Soon,it was time to go back.We were not willing（愿意）to leave and agreed that wewould hang out together again sometime soon.l.The smaller canoe was a bad choice because.A.they fell out of it too easilyB.they had to paddle hard to catch up with the bigger canoeC.they couldnt move freely in the smaller canoeD.it was difficult to control the canoe2.Mitra and the writer playedt20 questionsin order to.A.exercise their brains B.keep a clear mindC.forget the pain D.make friends with each other3.They panicked at the campsite because.A.the wind almost set someones socks on fireB.they were scared by a horror storyC.some of the students got lost in the forestD.one student fell out of his chair4.How did the writer feel at the end of the trip?A.Nervous to stay there.B.Unwilling to leave.C.Excited to go home.D.Tired of taking the trip.5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.The camping trip is a new experience to the writer.B.They had something to eat when they were around the campfire.C.The writer reached the campsite by canoe.D.The writer went to the campsite with her sister.1.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的 In order to keep up with the bigger canoe,we had to paddle（划桨）hard.为了赶上大船，我们不得不努力划桨。故答案为B。2.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的 To take our minds off the pain,Mitra and I played 20 questions whilepaddling,可知是为了忘记划桨的痛苦。所以答案为C。3.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的 because of the wind,one pair of socks almost caught fire.Everyonepanicked（惊慌）可知因为风差点把袜子吹到火里，所以大家很惊慌。故答案为A。4.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段中的We were not willing（愿意）to leave可知大家都不愿意离开,所以选B,unwilling意思是“不愿意的5.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。文章中作者提到了她的朋友，但是没有提到她的妹妹,所以选D。六Huawei is firing back against the US-led campaign（运动、战役）to push it out of major markets,insisting it sstill on track to lead the world in the introduction of 5G technology.Despite efforts in markets creating fear for Huawei,using politics to interfere（干预）with growth,customerscontinue to trust us and continue to work with us and build networks with our technologies,Deputy Chairman（副董事长）Ken Hu told reporters in the Chinese city of Dongguan on Tuesday.Hu was speaking during a turbulent period for the Chinese company,one of the worlds biggest makers ofsmartphones and telecommunications equipment.Its chief financial officer Ms.Wanzhou Meng is under irrationalarrest（不合理的逮捕）in Canada,facing possible extradition（弓|渡）to the United States,and its products are comingunder increasing scrutiny from businesses and governments over securily（安全）concerns.Despite decisions this year by Australia and New Zealand to stop wireless operators（无线设备）from usingHuawei to build their 5G networks,Hu expressed confidence that the companys technology is significantly moreadvancedthan that of its rivals（对手）,giving it a head start of 12 to 18 months and the ability to attract newcustomers.1.Huawei is good at according to the passage.A.producing computers B.international negotiationsC.designing earphones D.5G technology development2.Ms.Wanzhou Mengs case will be po
