谓语动词-虚拟语气.ppt

第一讲：谓语动词第一讲：谓语动词第三节：第三节：虚拟语气虚拟语气 主讲：主讲：Anne重 点一、明显虚拟条件句(if条件句)二、含蓄虚拟条件句（特殊词和结构）三、Should+动词原形英语的动词一般有三种不同英语的动词一般有三种不同的语气：的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。表示。陈述语气陈述语气用来陈述一个用来陈述一个事实事实，或提出一个或提出一个想法想法，有肯定、否定、疑，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。问或感叹等形式。祈使语气祈使语气用来表示用来表示请求、邀请、命请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告令、警告或劝告等。等。虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，是而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，是与客与客观事实相反的主观设想观事实相反的主观设想。If I were you,I would not leave her alone.I got up early this morning.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.陈述语气陈述语气虚拟语气虚拟语气祈使语气祈使语气判断：以下句子使用何种语气判断：以下句子使用何种语气一、一、if if条件句条件句条件句可分为两类，一类为条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句真实条件句，一类为一类为非真实条件句非真实条件句真实条件句使用真实条件句使用陈述陈述语气，表示假设的语气，表示假设的情况情况有可能有可能发生发生非真实条件句使用非真实条件句使用虚拟虚拟语气，表示假设的语气，表示假设的情况情况不可能不可能发生发生,或者或者可能性很小可能性很小Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.Ifitrainstomorrow,wellstayathome.非真实条件句非真实条件句真实条件句真实条件句判断：以下句子是真实条件句还是非真实判断：以下句子是真实条件句还是非真实条件句条件句If+过去式过去式,woulddoIf I were you,I wouldtry it again.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.一、与现在事实相反一、与现在事实相反1.I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A.had known B.have known B.C.knew D.knowCIf+haddone,would+havedoneIfhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试了。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试了。二、与过去事实相反二、与过去事实相反1.If Bob _ with us,he would have had a good time.A.would come B.would have come C.had come D.cameC三、与将来事实相反三、与将来事实相反Ifhecame/weretocome/shouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他我会告诉他.If+did(weretodo/shoulddo),woulddo1.Ifyou_tomorrow,you_findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might.-Ifhe_,he_thatfood.-Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken .Ifmylawyer_herelastSunday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented1)Ifyou_(be)inmyplace,youwoulddothesamething.2)IfIhadlearnedEnglishwell,I_(be)abletotalkwithnativespeakers.3)Ifyou_(visit)ourschooltomorrow,youwouldseehowbeautifulitis.4、用括号里的动词的正确形式填空、用括号里的动词的正确形式填空werewouldhavebeenvisited/shouldvisit/weretovisitIf条件句中的应用条件句中的应用if从句动词从句动词 主句动词主句动词与过去事实相反与过去事实相反与现在事实相反与现在事实相反与将来事实相反与将来事实相反haddonedid/were1.didwouldhavedonewoulddo2.weretodo3.shoulddo四、当四、当ifif被省略的时候：被省略的时候：在虚拟条件句中，如果含有在虚拟条件句中，如果含有were,had,should,可将可将if省略省略然后，将然后，将were,had,should放在主语前，构成倒放在主语前，构成倒装句式。装句式。WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.2.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.3.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.EXERCISE1._ the advice of his friends,he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.A.If he took B.If he should takeB.C.Were he to take D.Had he takenC.2._,I should ask them some questions.D.Should they come to usE.If they come to usF.Were they come to usG.Had they come to usH.3._ you were busy,I wouldnt have bothered you with my questions.I.If I realizedJ.Had I realized K.Did I have realized that L.As I realizedDAB含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有时假设的情况不用有时假设的情况不用if从句，而是通过其他从句，而是通过其他方式表现出来，这种句子叫方式表现出来，这种句子叫含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄虚拟条件句without,butfor,or,otherwise,with,under等词等词经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件句中经常出现在含蓄虚拟条件句中一、含蓄词一、含蓄词1.Butfor the storm I wouldhavearrived much earlier.2.Without the storm I wouldhavearrived much earlier.3.She came here yesterday,otherwise/or I wouldnothave met her.4.I wouldhaveattended the meeting,but I have been too busy.5.Without you,I wouldneverknow him.7.I wouldbemostglad to help you,but I am busy now.6.But for your cooperation,we wouldnthavedone the work so well.8.I am busy now,otherwise I woulddo you the favor!用括号里的动词的正确形式填空用括号里的动词的正确形式填空1.I_(come)toyourparty,butIdidnthavetime.2.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_(be)different.wouldhavecomewouldbe二、含蓄句型二、含蓄句型1.Wishthat1)与与现在现在现在现在事实相反事实相反:wish+(that)+did(were)IwishIwereashealthyasyou.IwishthatIhadaplane.2)与与过去过去过去过去事实相反事实相反:wish+(that)+haddoneIwishIhadbeentotheconcertlastnight.Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.3)与与将来将来将来将来事实相反事实相反:wish+would+doIwishhewouldforgiveme.Exercises:1.“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_.”A.had B.didC.have D.will2.Ididntgototheparty,butIdowishI_there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went3.Tomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach2.wouldrather+did1.Iwouldratheryou_(pay)menow.2.Iwouldratheryou_(come)tomorrow.paidcame3.Iwouldratheryou_(nottell)herthenewsyesterday.hadnttold3.If only 1.IfonlyI_(know)hisnamenow!2.Ifonlywe_(follow)youradvicelasttime!3.IfonlyI_(see)himagainnextyear!knewhadfollowedsaw现在和将来现在和将来:过去时过去时过去过去:过去完成时过去完成时4.Its(about/high)time+that-过去时过去时我们该去睡觉了。Itstimethatwewenttobed.考题点击：考题点击：考题点击：考题点击：Itistimethatyou_thewholebook.A.mustgooverB.cangooverC.wentoverD.havegoneoverC二、含蓄句型二、含蓄句型5.asif,asthough引导的状语从句现在、将来：用过去时；过去：用过去完成时;It seems as if the man were his brother.This device operated as though it had been repaired.1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken2.Theactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.were3.Thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would4.We felt as if we _ each other for years.A.knew B.were knowingC.had known D.have knowing5.He talks as if he _everything in the world.A.knows B.knewC.had known D.would have knownShould doShould do1.Itisthat（should）do1.过去分词过去分词过去分词：suggested,requested,ordered,proposedIt is required that nobody(should)smoke here.Its suggested that everybody(should)buy a dictionary.2.形容词形容词形容词:important,necessary,natural,right,wrong,better,proper,funny,strange,surprising It is necessary that we(should)have a walk now.Its important that we(should)take good care of the patient.3.名词（名词（apity/ashame/nowonder）考题点击：考题点击：考题点击：考题点击：1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination?2.A.takes B.has to takeC.must take D.take2.It is strange that he _ you this.A.would tell B.should tell C.had told D.has told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library.A.should allow B.be allowedC.will be allowed D.is allowedDBB1.Itisimportantthatwe(master)aforeignlanguage.2.Itisapitythatyou(be)socareless.3.Itsnecessarythatwe(study)hard.(should)mastershouldbeshouldstudy2.坚持，命令，建议坚持，命令，建议一个一个坚持，坚持，两个两个命令命令，三个三个建议，建议，四个四个要求要求1).insist2).order,command3).advise,suggest,propose4).demand,require,request,desire1.IdontthinkitadvisablethatTom_tothejobsincehehasnoexperienceA.BeassignedB.isassignedC.WillbeassignedD.hasbeenassignedCA3.ThedoctoradvisedthatMr.Malan_anoperationrightawaysoastosavehislife.A.hadB.wouldhaveC.haveD.wasgoingtohave2.Hismotherinsistedthathe_thecoatwhengoingout.A.PutonB.putsonC.ToputD.puttingonB考题点击：考题点击：考题点击：考题点击：4.His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable.A.try B.tries C.must try D.can try5.He gave an advice that they _ each other.A.helped B.must help C.help D.had helped6.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A.be sent B.have sent C.sent D.should sentACA1）insist表示一个表示一个主张主张或一种或一种看法，看法，用用虚拟语气虚拟语气；表示一个表示一个事实事实，用，用陈述语气陈述语气。Mikeinsistedthathe_never_(steal)anything.Mikeinsistedthathe_(leave)forLondonnow.注意：注意：hadstolenshouldleave2）suggest作作“表明，暗示表明，暗示”时，用时，用陈述语气陈述语气；作作“建议建议”时，用时，用虚拟语气虚拟语气。Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.Hesuggestedthatwe_(finish)itbeforedark.was(should)finish3.lest,for fear that和in case 1.She closed the windows lest she catch cold.2.He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _.A.may explore B.exploded B.C.explode D.had explodeC考题点击：考题点击：1.Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishIso.A.didntdoB.hadntdoneC.haventdoneD.couldntdo2.HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhadD.hadhad3.Theteacherorderedthatstudents_.A.mustntsmokeB.notsmokeC.smokedD.hadsmoked4.Theteacherdemandedthatthework_before4oclock.A.finishedB.finishC.shouldfinishD.befinishedBBBD