2023年中考英语总复习初中英语语法知识十二大专题复习讲义及习题.pdf

2023年中考英语总复习初中英语语法知识十二大专题复习讲义及习题（精编版）目录专题一名词.1专题二数词、冠词.12专题三介词、连词.23专题四代词.35专题五形容词、副词.53专题六动词的分类.69专题七情态动词、系动词.80专题八动词时态.92专题九被动语态.104专题十非谓语动词.115专题十一简单句、并列句.132专题十二 祈使句、感叹句.145专题一名词1.名词的数1 .概述：名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。第1页 共156页2.可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用 ma ny,few,a few,some,a ny,plenty of,lotsof,a number o f 等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。1)复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s 或-es构成的。具体规则如下图：2）复数的不规则构成法：规则例词一般情况下加-Sa pple-a pples,ruler-rulers以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的加一 esbus-buses,box-boxes,wa tchwa tches,brush-brushes以辅音字母加y 结尾的，把 y 变成 i 再加一escity-cities,county-countries以f 或 fe结尾的，把 f 或 fe变成 v,再加一esknife-knives,lea f-lea ves以。结尾的，有的词尾加-es,有的加一 s在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下 4 个：toma to-toma toes,pota to-pota toesHero-heroes,Negro-Negroesa.单复同形的：Chinese-Chinese,Ja pa nese-Ja pa nese,deer-deer,sheep-sheep,fish-fish（表示鱼的数量）b.熟记下列词的复数变化：ma n-men,woma n-women,policema n-第2页 共156页policemen,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,child-childrenc.以ma n,woma n做定语构成的复合名词，变复数时要全变：a ma ntea cher-two men tea chers；其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变：a girl student-two girl students3.不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。如：wa ter,mea t,a ir等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。1）用 some,much,a little,little,a lot of,lots of,plenty of 等表示多少。There is little milk a t home.The old ma n ha s lots of money.2）若要表示不可数名词的数量，应 用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式,若数字超过一，量词应用复数形式。如：a gla ss of wa ter-two gla ssesof wa ter,a piece of brea d-two pieces of brea d2.专有名词：专有名词是表示特定的人，事物，地点等，如：Tom,China,the United Kingdom.专有名词的第一个字母一般大写，大部分专有名词前一般不用冠词。3.名词的所有格：1.概述：名词的所有格在句中是表示所有关系，作定语。2.名词所有格的构成：名词所有格包括-s 所有格和o f所有格两种形式。无生命的名词的所有格通常用o f 短语来表示所有关系。如：the na me of the school,the window of the house 等。-s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西和表示时间，距离，国家等的名词后。构成方法如下：第3页 共156页1）一般直接在名词后加s.如：Jims book2）复数名词的所有格，若以s/es结尾只加撇号，不以s/es结尾仍加飞。如：Childrens Da y,the tea chers1 office.3）“a nd”连接的并列名词的所有格，表示两人“共有”只在后一个名词尾加s；表示“各自拥有”，两个名词尾都要加s.如：Jim a ndLucys book（共有）；Ja nes a nd Toms books（不共有）4）表示店铺或某人的家等处所时，常在名词的所有格后省去shop,house,home 等。如：the ba rbers,a t my uncles5）表示时间，距离，国家，城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加s 或 表示所有格，如：toda ys newspa per,five minutes，wa lk.3.双重所有格1）名词双重所有格的含义：of+名词所有格称为双重所有格，这种结构中，of前面是一部分，of后面是一个整体。例如：Mr Wa ng is a friend of my fa thers.（=Mr Wa ng is one ofmy fa thers friends.）王先生 是我父亲的一个朋友.2）名词双重所有格的构成方法：a.of前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词，如 a,a ny,some,no,few,severa l 以及 two,three 等。例如：Ha ve you rea d a ny stories of Lei Fengs?你看过雷锋的故事吗？They ga ve me some books of theirs.他们把他们的一些书给了 我。Three cla ssma tes of my sisters ha ve found good jobs.我姐姐的三个同学已经找到了好工作。b.有时of前面的名词前面可以用指示代词this,tha t表示某种感情色彩。第4页 共156页例如：Tha t a nswer of Jims wa s right.吉姆的那个回答是对的。Something is wrong with this eye of m ine.我的这只眼睛出了 毛病、c.o f后面带有s的名词或名词性物主代词通常是特指的人。例如：Tha ts a book of Lu Xuns.这是鲁迅的一本书。This is a child of theirs.那是他们的一个孩子。3）名词的双重所有格与“of+名词”结构之间的区别：a.句子所表达的侧重点不同。试比较：He is a friend of my fa thers.（着重说明 父亲 的朋友不止一个）He is a friend of my fa th e r.（着重说明 他”是父亲的一个朋友）b.o f前面是picture等词时，含义不同。试比较：This is a picture of my tea chers,这是我老师收藏的一张照片。This is a picture of my tea cher,这是我老师的一张照片。实战演练（2X50）1.June 1st is Da y a ll over the world.A.Childs B.Childrens C.Childrens）2.September 10th is Da y in China.A.Tea chers B.Tea chers，C.Tea cher3.This is news.A.such a good B.a very good C.such good第5页 共156页4.Wha t it is!一Lets go out to ha ve a picnic.A.a fine wea ther B.fine da y C.a fine da y5.Tom a nd I go to school every da y.A.on feet B.on foot C.by foot6.-Are t h o s e?-No,they a rent.T h e y r e.A.sheep；cows B.sheep；cow C.sheeps；cow7.A group of a re ta lking with two over there.A.Frenchmen；Germa ns B.Frenchmen；Germen C.Germa n；Frenchmen8.Tha t doctor dra nk t wo.A.gla ss of wa ter B.gla sses of wa ters C.cups of tea9.Mrs.Smith is a n old friend of.A.Bob mother B.Bobs mothers C.mother of Bob10.The ta ll ma n with a big nose is cla ssma te.A.Tom a nd Ca rl B.Toms a nd Ca rls C.Tom a nd Ca rls1 l.In time,there will be more ta ll buildings in our city.A.few yea r B.a few yea rs,C.a few yea rs第6页 共156页12.How ma ny do you wa nt every month?A.milk B.wa ter C.a pples13.-Whose is this new bicycle?-I t s.A.Sue a nd Jims B.Sue a nd Jim C.Sues a nd Jims14.-Would you like tea?-No,tha nks.Ive drunk two.A.a ny；bottles of ora nge B.a little；bottle of ora nges C.some；bottles of ora nge15.-How ma ny do you wa nt?-Two,plea se.A.kilos of egg B.kilo of eggs C.kilos of eggs16.The bus stop is tw o from our house.A.hour,s drive B.hours drive C.hour-drive17.-Where a re you going,Amy?-.A.To my uncle B.To my uncles C.At my uncle18.Ha ve you r ea d?A.a newspa per of toda ys B.toda y newspa per C.toda ysnewspa per第7页 共156页19.Lucy put a lot o f in of tea.A.suga r；the two cup B.suga rs；the two cups C.suga r；the twocups20.Toma toes,broccoli,a nd a re vegeta bles.A.ba na na s B.pota toes C.noodles21.-Help yourself to some.-Tha nk you.I rea lly like them.A.fish B.ora nge C.ca kes22.The little ba by ha s tw o a lrea dy.A.tooth B.a tooth C.teeth23.We a ll ha d la st month.Did you tra vel to a nywhere?A.three da ys，holida y B.three da ys holida y C.three-da ysholida y24.When a utumn c o me s,o f most trees turn yellow a nd thenfa ll down.A.lea f B.lea ve C.lea ves25.Tomorrow Im going to my.Its a.A a unt.five minutes wa lk B a unts.five minutes wa lkC a unts.five minutes wa lk26.A computer is one of the grea test in this century.第8页 共156页A inventorsB inventionsC invitations27.We havent homework to do today.A many B some C much28.Three hours enough for a boy to read books.A is.ten-year-old B are.ten-year-old Cis.ten-years-old29.that pair of new nice?A Is.shoe B Are.shoes CIs.shoes30.Mary,Ive bought ma n y.Now lets make the birthdaycake.A fresh eggs B chocolate milk Cfood31.The two are my.A woman doctors.friends B women doctors.friendsC women doctors.friend32.These are houses.A Lee and my uncle B the Lees and my unclesC theLees and my uncle33.We a r e.T h e y are.第9页 共156页A Chinese.GermenB Chinese.Germa nC Chinese.Germa ns3 4.There a pencil a nd two books on the desk.A.ha s B.is C.a re3 5.A number of students for the school bus now.A.is wa iting B.a re wa iting C.wa its3 6.The number of students in the cla ss la rge.A.a re B.ha s C.is3 7.A is used for keeping wa rm.A.sta mp B.sca rf C.key3 8.There is no in the bus so we ha ve to wa it for a notherbus.A.room B.a room C.rooms3 9.This is a photo of when they were young.-O K,how ha ppy they both looked!A.my fa ther a nd mother B.my mother a nd fa thersC.my mothers a nd fa thers40.The new student is in,Gra de Two.A.Cla ss Third B.Third Cla ss C.Cla ss Three41.Wha t would you like to drink,girls?-,plea se.A.Two cup of coffee B.Two cups of coffee C.Two coffee42 During Christma s,people get together a nd sing Christma s songsfor第10页 共156页A.fun B.wishes C.interest43.They a re those ba gs.Plea se put them on the bus.A.visitor B.visitors C.visitors44.How ma ny students a re there in your school?-There a re two.A.hundreds B.hundred C.hundreds of45.Wha t do you think of the the Moonlight Sona ta byBeethoven?-It sounds rea lly wonderful.A.subject B.music C.book46.There is not enough in the corner for the TV.A.pla ce B.room C.field47.If you dont ta ke mor e,youll get fa t.A.medicine B.lessons C.exercise48.My school is a bout twenty wa lk from here.A.minute B.minutes C.minutes49.Mum,I ha ve to tell you!A.a good news B.some good news C.ma ny good news第11页 共156页50.Ma ths not ea sy to lea rn.参考答案：1-5：BBCCB；6-10：AACBC；11-15：BCACC；16-20：BBCCB；21-25：CCACC；26-30：BCACAA.a re B.is C.a m专题二数词、冠词一.数词1.数词概述：表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。其用法相当于名词或者形容词。2.数词的种类：可以分为两种：基数词：表示数目多少的数词。序数词：表示先后顺序的数词。3 .基数词的写法和用法1）1-1 2 的基数词是独立的单词，即：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。2）13 19 的基数词以-teen 结尾。如：14fourteen,但 13,15,18较特殊，13 一thirteen 15-fifteen 18-eighteen。3）2090的整十位均以-ty结尾。如：6 0sixty,但 20,3 0,40,50,80 较特殊，20一twenty 3 0-thirty 40-forty 50-fifty 80一eightyo4）十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-，如：28-twenty-eight,96-ninety-sixo5）百位和十位（若无十位则和个位）之间加a nd,如：148one第12页 共156页hundred a nd forty-eight,406 four hundred a nd sixo6)hundred(百)，thousa nd(千)，million(百万)，billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词，也不能在它们的后面加s。7).百(hundred),千(thousa nd),百万(million)等词与介词of连用的时侯，用复数形式，表不确定数目，其前面不可与数字连用8).表示“几十”的数词，复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代。如：He is in his forties.他四十多岁。This took pla ce in the 193 0s,这事发生在二十世纪三十年代。9).基数词可与其他词构成形容词。如：Ca n you sa y something a bout your two-month holida y?(two和 month之间有连字符时，month用单数)4,序数词的写法和用法1).基数词变序数词可利用口诀巧记：“一、二、三，特殊记，八去“t”,九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。”变法如下：first,second,third,eight一eighth nineninth,five-fifth,twelvetwelfth,twenty-twentieth,fortyfortieth,twenty-fivetwenty-fiftho其余情况均在基数词后加tho如：sixsixth,nineteen nineteenth,hundred一 hundredth,thousa nd一thousa ndth 等。2).序数词前常用定冠词the,表“顺序”。但如果序数词不表示顺序，而表示“又一个，另一个“时，则不能用the,要用a.如：Try it a second第13页 共156页time.再试一下。5.序数词表示“名次”时，不用定冠词。He wa s first.他得了 第一名。Who wa s first?Who wa s second?谁是第一名？谁是第二名？注意：1.分数的读法：分子必须用基数词，分母用序数词。分子如果大于1,分母须用复数形式。先读分子，再读分母。分子为one时可换用a.如：In our cla ss,a bout a third ca n spea k English well.Two thirds 三分之二。2.1/2读作a（或one）ha lf（而不是a second 一秒钟），1/4既可读作a（或 one）qua rter又可读作a（或 one）fourth.3/4：Three qua rters3.小数的读法：小数点的前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同；小数点读作point,小数点后只须将数字-读出。15.6 7 读作：fifteen point six seven4.百分数的读法：先读基数词，再读百分号“”（读作percent）.5%读作：five percent.5.年代的读法为“两位，两位”地读。整百的后读hundred,整千的后读thousa nd,前 常 力 口 the yea r.如：193 7 读作 nineteen thirty-seven 或：nineteen hundred a nd thirtyseven2000 年读作 the yea r two thousa ndDecember the first,nineteen ninety-four 一九九四年十二月一日二.冠词第14页 共156页1.冠词概述：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。2.冠词的种类：英语中的冠词有三种，一种是定冠词，另一种是不定冠词,还有一种是零冠词。3 .不定冠词的用法不定冠词a （a n）与数词one同源，是 一个 的意思。a用于辅音音素前，一般读作 e,而 a n则用于元音音素前，一般读做 en。1）表示 一个,意为one；2）代表一类人或物。A knife is a tool for cutting with.Mr.Smith is a doctor.3）词组或成语。a little/a few/a lot/a type of/a grea t ma ny/ma ny a /in ahurry/in a minute/in a word/in a short while/a fter a while/ha ve a cold/ha ve a try/keep a n eye on/4.定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,tha t同源，有 那（这）个 的意思，但较弱,可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。它有以下意义:1）特指双方都明白的人或物：定冠词the与指示代词this,tha t同源，有 那（这）个 的意思，但较弱，可以和一个名词连用，来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。1）特指双方都明白的人或物：Ta ke the umbrella.带上伞。2）上文提到过的人或事：He bought a book.Ive rea d the book.他买了一本书。我看过那本书。第15页 共156页3）指世上独一物二的事物：the sun,the sky,the moon,theea rth4）单数名词连用表示一类事物，如：the dolla r美元；the fox狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich富人；the living 活着的人。5）用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only,very,sa me等前面：Where do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二层。Tha ts the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找的东西。6）用在表示身体部位的名词前：She ca ught me by the h a n d.她抓住了我手。7）用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前：the Peoples R epublic of China 中华人民共和国 the UnitedSta tes 美国8）用在表示乐器的名词之前：She pla ys the p ia n o.她会弹钢琴。9）用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人：the Greens 格林一家人（或格林夫妇）10）用在惯用语中：in the da y,in the morning（a fternoon,evening）,the da y a ftertomorrowthe da y before yesterda y,the next morning,in the sky（wa ter,field,country）in the da rk,in the ra in,in the dista nce,in themiddle（of）,in the end,by the wa y,go to the thea tre5.零冠词的用法第16页 共156页1）国名，人名前通常不用冠词：Engla nd,Ma ry；2）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；They a retea chers.3）抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；Fa ilure is the mother ofsuccess.失败乃成功之母。2）在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；We go to school from Monda y to Frida y.3）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词4）当b y 与火车等交通工具连用中间无冠词；by bus,by tra in；5）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school,college,prison,ma rket,hospita l,bed,ta ble,cla ss,town,church,court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义，如：go to hospita l 去医院看病go to the h o sp ita l去医院（并不是去看病，而是有其他目的）6）不用冠词的序数词；a.序数词前有物主代词b.序数词作副词 He ca me first in the ra ce.c.在固定词组中 a t（the）first,first of a ll,from first to la st实战演练（2X50）1.There a re da ys in a yea r.第17页 共156页A.three hundred sixty-five B.three hundreds a nd sixty-five C.three hundred a nd sixty-five2.visitors visit this museum every da y.A.Hundred B.Hundred of C.Hundreds of3.There a re two people in the libra ry.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of4.Every yea r wa tch NBA on TV.A.million people B.millions of people C.millions people5.trees will be pla nted in our city in 5 yea rs.A.Thousa nds of B.Two thousa nds C.Two thousa nd of6.My brother is i n.A.Three Cla ss,O ne Gra de B.Cla ss Three,Gra de O ne C.Gra de first,Cla ss Third7.We a re going to lea rn this term.A.book six B.six book C.Book Six8.Plea se turn t o.Lets rea d the text a loud.A.Pa ge Two B.the pa ge two C.second pa ge9.He will come here tomorrow morning.A.a t fifth B.a t ten C.on two10.He wa s doing some r e ad in g.A.a t eight yesterda y morning B.yesterda y morning eight C.yesterda y morning a t eight11.He bega n to live t h e r e.第18页 共156页A.on his fifty B.a t a ge of fifty C.in his fifties12 They moved to the USA _A.in 1980s B.in the 1980 C.in the 1980s13.She wa s her ea rly twenties when she beca me a movie sta r.A.a t B.on C.in14.There a re months in a yea r.December is the month ofthe yea r.A.twelve；twelve B.twelve；twelfth C.twelfth；twelve15.Sunda y is the da y of the week.A.seventh B.first C.second16.Autumn is sea son in a yea r.A.the fourth B.the third C.a third17.-Wha ts the da te toda y?-I t s.A.Frida y B.cloudy C.July 4th18.Jenny wa s bor n.A.on July 10,1997 B.in July 10,1997 C.in 1997,July1019.Monda y is the second da y,a nd.A.Tuesda y is the fourth B.Thursda y is the fifth C.thesecond is Tuesda y20.About of the books in our school libra ry a re written inChinese.第19页 共156页A.four-fifthB.four-fifthsC.fourth-fifths21.of the students a re girls in our cla ss.A.Two three B.Two threes C.Two thirds2 2.of the worlds books a nd newspa pers a re written inEnglish.A.Three qua rters B.Three qua rter C.Thirds four23.Tom is in the row.A.a third B.the third C.third24.The girl wa nted to sing song a t the pa rty yesterda y.A.two B.a second C.the second25.Now let him h av e.A.the third try B.a third try C.third try26.O ur school is only wa lk from here.A.five-minute B.five minutes C.five minutes)27.There a re da ys in a week.A.the seven B.seventh C.seven28.Plea se write down the new words in the text of.A.Lesson Eleven B.the Lesson Eleven C.LessonEleventh29.-How old is your sister?A.Shes fifteenth B.Shes young C.Shes fifteen3 0.I rea d story.It is interesting story.A.a,a n B.a,a C.the,the第20页 共156页3 1.Pa ris is _ Europea n country a nd China is Asia n country.A.a n,a n B.a,a C.a,a n3 2.e lepha nt is bigger tha n horse.A./,/B.a n,a C.A,a3 3.Shut door,plea se.A.a B.a n C.the3 4.He is now living in Europea n country.A.a B.a n C./3 5.China is old country with long history.A.a n,a B.a,a C.a n,the3 6.My pa rents usua lly go out for wa lk in evening.A.the,a B.a,the C./,the3 7.Her first thing is to help her mother clea n the room.A.a B.the C./3 8.The word“floor“begins wi t h f a nd the end witha，r.A.a,a B.a n,a n C.a n,a3 9.June 1st is Childrens Da y.A.a B.the C./40.Hua nghe R iver is second la rgest river in China.A.The,the B.A,a C.The,a41.Pa ris is one of most bea utiful cities in world.A./,the B./,/C.the,the第21页 共156页42.Yesterda y Mr Smith went to Grea t Wa ll a t noon.A.the,the B./,/C.the,/43.We a lwa ys ha ve milk for brea kfa st.A./,/B.the,/C./,a44.-Did you see my gra ndfa ther?-O h,I sa w old ma n sitting on a cha ir under the tree.Ma ybehe is.A.a B.a n C.the45.-Do you see ma n with a dog?-O h,Y e s,d o g is bla ck.A.the,a,The B,a,a,C.a,the46.Who is better,Li Ping or Wa ng Dong?A.the B.a C.x47.We go