高一英语英语必修语法情态动词课件.ppt
Modal Verbs Unit 15/28/20232情态动词表示说话人的某种情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。或状态的某种态度。表示表示“需要、可以、需要、可以、必须、应当必须、应当”等。等。什么是情态动词？什么是情态动词？(Modal Verbs)(Modal Verbs)can/could,may/might,must/have to,shall/should(ought to),will/would need,dare/dared5/28/20233情态动词的特点：情态动词的特点：1.情态动词自身都有一定的意义，情态动词自身都有一定的意义，但不能表示正在发生或已经发生的但不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事发生。事情，只表示期待或估计某事发生。2.情态动词除情态动词除ought和和have外，后外，后面必须接不带面必须接不带to的不定式。的不定式。3.情态动词没有人称和数的变化情态动词没有人称和数的变化,也没有非谓语形式。也没有非谓语形式。5/28/202341.can的主要用法是：的主要用法是：A.表能力表能力eg.Thegirlcandanceverywell.beableto通过努力做成某事通过努力做成某事HewasabletoreachMountQomolangmain2000.B.表示说话者的推测表示说话者的推测事物的可能性事物的可能性:(否、疑）否、疑）eg.Canthenewsbetrue?C.在口语中在口语中,can可以表示请求或允许可以表示请求或允许：eg.CanIsithere?1.can和和could5/28/202352.could的主要用法是：的主要用法是：A.could是是can的过去式的过去式,表示与过去表示与过去有关的能力有关的能力和推测和推测:Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldntbeadoctor.B.could可以代替可以代替can表示请求表示请求,但语气较但语气较can客气、客气、委婉委婉:could 提问，答语用提问，答语用can-Could I borrow your pen?-yes,you can.5/28/20236may常用来表示：常用来表示：1.在正式文体中表示请求、允许（在正式文体中表示请求、允许（比比can正式）正式）：:eg.MayIcomein?Youmaygonow.2.表示说话人的猜测表示说话人的猜测:“也许也许”“可能可能”:通常通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。只用于肯定句和否定句中。Theguestmayarrivethisafternoon.-Canheattendthemeeting?-Yes,he_.Iamnotsure.2.may和和mightmay5/28/202373.表示祝愿表示祝愿,位于句首位于句首eg.Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!4.mayaswell=hadbetterdo(最好做某事）最好做某事）Youdbettertakenotescarefully.Youmayaswelltakenotescarefully.5/28/202383.will和和wouldwill是助动词是助动词还还是情态动词？是情态动词？will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于构成将来时是助动词。eg.Iwilltellyousomethingimportant.我要告诉你一件重要的事情。我要告诉你一件重要的事情。情态动词：情态动词：1.表意愿或意志表意愿或意志Iwillneverdoitagain.Ifyouwillmarryme,whateverIhaveisyours,andminesisyours.5/28/202392.提出提出请求或建议请求或建议,在疑问句中用于第二人称。在疑问句中用于第二人称。eg:Ifyouwanthelp,letmeknow,willyou?Willyoutypethis,please?祈使句问句与答语一般用祈使句问句与答语一般用will Open the door,will you?-Please come to my party.-Yes,I will3.表习惯或必然结果表习惯或必然结果 Fish will die without water.I will go to see my former classmates on weekends.5/28/202310would&used to(过去常常，习惯于）过去常常，习惯于）would 现在有可能做，也有可能不做现在有可能做，也有可能不做used to 现在一定没有做现在一定没有做There used to be a big tree.I would go to the library when I was free.I _ to cry when I was a child.used to5/28/2023114.shall和和shouldshall用法用法1.shall表征求意见，用于一三人称表征求意见，用于一三人称疑问句中疑问句中Shallwegobytrain,Mom?Shallheattendthemeeting?2.用于二用于二三人称三人称的陈述句中，表威胁警告命令允诺等语气的陈述句中，表威胁警告命令允诺等语气YoushallgetapresentwhenIcameback.Youshallbepunishedifyoubreaktherules.5/28/202312should 用法用法1.应该应该=ought to You should study hard.2.表万一，多位于句首。表万一，多位于句首。Should he come,I would let you know.3.“居然居然”，“竟然竟然”,表说话人意料之外。表说话人意料之外。针对现在针对现在-+V原原 针对过去针对过去-should have done To my surprise,he should be a thief.He should have lied to me yesterday.5/28/2023135.must的主要用法的主要用法1.必须。必须。must表主观表主观“必须必须”haveto表客观表客观“不得不不得不”ImustgohomethisSaturday.Ivegotacold,soIhavetoseeadoctor.-MustIstayhere?-Yes,youmust./No,youneednt./youdonthaveto.mustnt表禁止，不准，一定不要。表禁止，不准，一定不要。Youmustntplaywithfire.Youmustnttakedrugs.5/28/2023142.表表“偏要偏要”“偏偏偏偏”，违背说话人意愿。，违背说话人意愿。Mustyoutalkinclass?-Howmuchdoyouearn?-Illtellyouifyoumustknowit.3.一定，肯定一定，肯定Hemustbecrazy.Hemusthavestayeduplastnight.4.表推测的反应，反义疑问句中不能出现表推测的反应，反义疑问句中不能出现must的的形式，反义形式取决于句中时态形式，反义形式取决于句中时态5/28/2023151.HemustbemyEnglishteacher,2.Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,3.Itmusthaverainedyesterday,isnt he?hasnt he?didnt it?5/28/202316need&dare(dared)情态动词情态动词：need/dare do sthneed/dare not do sth 实意动词：实意动词：need/dare to do sthdont/doesnt/didnt dare to do sth（无单三形式）（无单三形式）5/28/2023171.Being afraid of making mistakes,he _ answer his teachers question A.doesnt dare B.doesnt dare to C.darent to D.not dare to 2.Having failed the exam.The little boy _go home and face his mom.A.dares not to B.dares not C.dare not to D.dare not 5/28/202318情态动词情态动词+have done should/ought to have doneshouldnt have donemust have donecant/couldnt have donecould have doneneed have doneneednt have done(针对过去）针对过去）5/28/2023191Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry_beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.(2004上海）上海）A.mustB.mayC.canD.need5/28/2023202 Someaspectsofapilotsjob_beboring,andpilotsoften_workatinconvenienthours.（2006湖南）湖南）A.can；havetoB.may；canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;must5/28/2023213Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I_thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.(2006江西）江西）AshouldhavetakenBcouldhavetakenCneednthavetakenDmustnthavetaken5/28/2023224HowsyourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?It_be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.（2007全国全国I）A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must5/28/2023235 Itoldyourfriendhowtogettothehotel,butperhapsIhavedrivenherthere.（2007陕西）陕西）A.couldB.mustC.mightD.should5/28/2023247.(10湖南湖南23)You_buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.mustB.mustntC.havetoD.donthaveto8.(10江西江西23)Ihavetoldyouthetruth._Ikeeprepeatingit?A.MustB.CanC.MayD.WillDA5/28/2023259.Itstheoffice!Soyou_knoweatingisnotallowedhere.Oh,sorry.(2009湖南卷湖南卷)A.mustB.will C.mayD.need10.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?There_betwelve.(2009全国卷全国卷I)A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shallAA5/28/20232611.Icantleave.ShetoldmethatI_stayhereuntilshecomesback.(2009全国卷全国卷II)A.canB.mustC.willD.may12.Hemustbehelpingtheoldmantowatertheflowers,_?(2009陕西卷陕西卷)A.isheB.isntheC.mustheD.mustntheBB5/28/20232713.-Willyougoskatingwithmethiswintervacation?-It_.(2002上海上海)A.alldependedB.alldependsC.isalldependedD.isalldepending解析解析:答案答案B B。Italldepends 是是“不确定不确定”、“看情况看情况”的意思。的意思。B5/28/202328
