可持续社区整合系统-EDAW.ppt
可持续社区整合系统Steve Kellenberg总裁，易道尔湾办公室Integrated Systems Approach for Sustainable Communities Steve KellenbergPrincipal,EDAW(Irvine,US)系统整合的思维方式Integrated Whole Systems Thinking 生态资源 Ecological Resources 能源 Energy 交通 Transportation 绿色建筑 Green Building 水 Water 社会/文化 Socio/Cultural 经济 Economic新建项目 Greenfield Projects 适用于20 多英亩到10,000 多英亩的社区scalable from 20+acres to large 10,000 acre+communities已有社区Existing Communities气候变化应对策略规划Climate Change Strategic Plans生态效率推动计划Eco-Efficiency Initiatives邻里、城镇、市区和城市Neighborhoods,Towns,Downtowns,Cities褐色土地和再开发Brownfields&Redev填入式再开发Infill Redevelopments环境报告Environmental Documentation环境影响评估Environmental Impact Assessment提供应对气候变化的新方式Support new scopes on Climate Change可持续发展整合模型(SSIM)Sustainable Systems Integration Model(SSIM)第一步：社区框架优化Stage One:Community Framework OptimizationSSIM GIS 界面SSIM GIS Interface利用自动化模型和整合技术Using Automated Models and Integrated Technologies概念绘制Draw Concept将规划方案输入SSIMFeed Land Program to SSIM 得到模型结果Get SSIM Results运行生成模型和城市形态分析模型，并生成土地规划方案Run Yield Model,Urban Form Analysis Model&Generate Land ProgramSSIM GIS 界面SSIM GIS Interface方案 1 Scheme 1方案 3Scheme 3方案 2Scheme 2Plan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsPlan ComparisonSustainability IndicatorsTabular OutputsSSIM GIS 界面：指标输出SSIM GIS Interface:Indicator Outputs基础情景概述第二步：专题项目的优化Stage Two:Core Theme Optimization 专题项目评估Core Themes Evaluated 项目城市形态On-site Urban Form 居住区建筑能源Residential Building Energy 非居住区建筑能源Non-Residential Building Energy 交通Transportation 公共空间能源Public Realm Energy 生活用水、雨水和废水Domestic,Storm,Waste Water 城市热岛效应Urban Heat Island Effect 生态Ecology 独立式可再生能源Freestanding Renewables 区域分布式发电系统District Distributed Generation 社会文化Socio-Cultural低碳项目开发Low Carbon Program Development初始投资First-Costs将组合融于总体可持续方案Packages Combined into Master Sustainability Programs生命周期成本Life Cycle Costs各个专题项目优化包组合Optimized Packages for Each Core Theme环境效益Environmental Benefit市场成本承受力Market Cost Acceptance生活用水Domestic Water 佳good 优良better 最优best交通Transportation 佳good 优良better 最优best公共空间Public Realm 佳good 优良better 最优best可再生能源Renewable Energy 佳good 优良better 最优best专题项目建模Core Theme Modeling建筑能源Building Energy 佳good 优良better 最优best核心和中心Cores and Centers 城镇中心Central Town Center 多区域核心Multiple District Cores密度Density 紧凑设计Compact Design 高密度核心区Higher density in cores土地利用多样性Diversity of Land Use 住宅多样化Broad range of housing 工作居住平衡Jobs/housing balance 提供本地服务Local service provision城市形态Urban Form 建筑外围Building Shell 门窗幕墙Fenestration 中央空调系统效率 HVAC efficiency 热水系统Water heating 器具Appliances 照明Lighting 被动式设计Passive design 建筑朝向Bldg orientation 建筑光电技术On-building PV建筑能源Building Energy指标示例 住宅能源Example Measures Residential Energy基线24 法案佳“能源之星”优良最优化最优零排放住宅外墙天花板辐射屏障窗户U 值空调季节能效等级膨胀阀锅炉年度燃料利用效率管道绝缘程度管道泄漏率房屋泄漏率水体加热器最优化朝向太阳热能源之星家电紧凑型荧光灯照明光伏电池板输出示例 住宅能源Example Outputs Residential Energy投资回收期最优 优良 佳最优 优良 佳千美元投资的碳排放削减量公寓大型独立式住宅小型独立式住宅大型独立式住宅 小型独立式住宅 公寓年百万吨当量CO2输出示例 住宅能源Example Outputs Residential Energy佳方案的价值图 优良方案的价值图 最优方案的价值图货币化的效益投资比货币化的效益投资比货币化的效益投资比净投资节省 净投资节省 净投资节省公共场所能源Public Realm Energy街道照明Street Lighting 灯具间隔和光照度Fixture spacing and foot candles 光污染削减概念Dark sky concepts LED 选择LED options 出行需求管理(TDM)Travel demand management(TDM)停车场工业区Parking Lots/Industrial Areas 光照度要求Foot candle requirements LED 选择LED options 感光和微光照明Photopic vs.Scotopic Lights 太阳能风能照明Solar/wind Lighting Options开放空间和公园Open Space and Parks 照明级别Lighting levels 建筑采用太阳能光板系统PV on structures 土地利用Land Use 景观调色板Landscape palettes 建筑节水Building Fixtures 处理后污水回用Treated sewage effluent reuse 雨水回用Stormwater reuse 雨水收集Rainwater capture 中水回用Gray water reuse生活用水削减Domestic Water Reduction输出示例-水Example Outputs-WATER水和废水千美元投资的节水量英亩英尺/年基于投资增加比例的收益比地下水开采量回用水量废水量雨水量英亩英尺 比值交通Transportation内部工程措施Internal Project Measures 内部通勤Internal shuttles 自行车步行设施Bicycle/pedestrian facilities 社区电动车Neighborhood Electric Vehicles(NEVs)出行需求管理Travel demand management(TDM)外部工程措施External Project Measures 协调部门Coordinating entity 外部通勤External shuttles 区域交通扩展Regional transit extensions 外部交通选择External transit options居住雇佣衔接措施Housing/Employment Linkage 现场工作居住平衡On-site jobs/housing balance 雇员交通补贴Employer proximity subsidy微观气候工程Micro-Climate Engineering 利用植栽进行建筑遮阳Building Shading from trees 微观水体湿度和制冷调节Micro-water cooling 材料选择Materials selection社区景观Community Landscape 公共空间植栽的增加Increased public realm planting 综合生物多样性理念Bio-diversity concepts 材料选择Materials selection水景降温Water Features for Cooling 大尺度降温和水化理念Large scale cooling城市热岛效应Urban Heat Island能源和温室气体补偿:可再生和分布式能源Energy and GHG Offsets:Renewable&Distributed Energy 建筑可再生措施On-Building Renewables 光伏电池板Photo Voltaic panels 热源水供应Thermal hot water 分布式能源Distributed Energy 光伏发电厂Photo Voltaic plants 风力发电厂Wind turbine plants 热电联产CHP 生物质*BioMass 沼气*BioGas 地热*GeoThermal智慧型电网Smart Grid 需求控制技术 Demand Control 高效能分布High efficiency distribution第三步：总体方案整合Stage Three:Master Program Synthesis 专题项目指标调整界面Core Themes/Measures Gaming Board 第二步 组合选择专项项目 Themes 为方案选择组合Select Packages for These ProgramsA B C Building Energy Reductions(建筑能耗削减）优良Better最优Best最优Best Domestic Water Reductions（家用水削减）最优Best最优Best最优BestAutomobile Use Reductions（机动车削减）优良Better优良Better最优BetterPublic Realm Energy Reductions（公共场所耗能雪健）最优Best优良Better优良BetterRenewable Energy Additions（可再生能源增加）佳Good佳Good佳Good总体组合比较Master Program Comparisons不同专题项目的碳削减总体碳排放削减比例总体组合比较Master Program Comparisons组合A组合B组合C陆地吸收的碳排放水体污染物削减雨水径流削减用水削减车辆行驶里程削减总体碳排放削减非移动源碳排放能源削减与基准情景相比的削减比例SSIM 模型：组合综合比较SSIM Modeling:Program Performance组合效果比较资源足迹成本足迹车辆行驶里程雨水径流用水量碳排放气体能源电力能源SSIM 模型：碳排放SSIM Modeling:Carbon Emissions总体碳排放量包括移动源 仅包括非移动源百万吨二氧化碳当量（年）基准 组合A 组合B 组合C目标Target碳足迹定位Carbon Footprint Targeting碳削减成果和目标不同组合碳消减独立风能电厂独立日光能电厂碳吸收Solar FarmWind FarmForestry(Sequestration)碳足迹定位Carbon Footprint Targeting风力发电场太阳能电场森林碳吸收开发成本影响Building Cost Impacts 不同方案的可持续措施的增加成本联排别墅低层公寓低层混合中层塔楼1中层塔楼2零售工业低层商业中层商业高层商业混合使用Increased Cost per Residential DwellingBaseline Plan基准规划Adjusted Plan调整规划%Improv改善比例%Residential Cost住宅成本Comm.Cost商业成本Master DeveloperCost 开发成本Res Bldg Energy 住宅建筑能源24,850 KWhr11,200KWhr55%Non-Res Bldg Energy 商业建筑能源457,700 KWhr294,500KWhr36%Domestic Water 生活用水2,900AC FT yr980AC FT yr66%Transp.VMT车辆行驶里程559,180,000VMT yr489,282,500VMT yr13%12%6.5%-$13 MCarbon Footprint w/o Transp 碳足迹（不含交通）40,300Mt C02eq18,000Mt C02eq55%Carbon Footprintw/Transp.碳足迹（含交通）303,700 Mt C02eq226,100Mt C02eq26%Source:EDAW,2008总结示例Summary ExampleTerramor Largest PV Village in USWindstar,Platinum TriangleAnaheim,CASUMMARY70,000 Seat Stadium1,750 Dwelling Units500 Hotel Rooms275,000 s.f.Retail/Entertainment482,000 s.f.Office73,000 s.f.Performing Arts Center/Museum/Hall of FameApproximately 3,000 new jobsMixed-Use/Grocery/Mercantile LocationOffice Tower LocationHotel LocationPerforming Arts Center/Museum/Hall of Fame LocationWindstar,Platinum TriangleAnaheim,CAWindstar,Platinum TriangleAnaheim,CAWindstar,Platinum TriangleAnaheim,CA
