职称英语考试试题及答案(一).pdf
职 称 英 语 考 试 综 合 类 A级 试 题 及 答 案 第 1部 分：词 汇 选 项（第 1、15题，每 题 1分，共 15分）下 面 共 有 15个 句 子，每 个 句 子 中 均 有 1个 词 或 短 语 画 有 底 横 线，请 从 卷 个 句 子 后 面 所 给 的 4 个 选 项 中 选 择 1个 与 画 线 部 分 意 义 最 相 近 的 词 或 短 语。答 案 一 律 涂 在 答 题 卡 相 应 的 位 置 上。1 The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explained B invented C considered D accepted2 He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavy B strong C kind D wild3 It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A making B taking C discussing D expecting4 Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producingA waste B buy C use D sell5 The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A function B ability C power D volume6 Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tensely B nearly C carefully D closely7 Her faith upheld her in times of sadnessA supported B excited C inspired D directed8 The book provides a concise?analysis of the country,s history.A clean B perfect C real D brief9 It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A suggested B warned C stated I）confirmed10 The council meeting terminated at 2 o clockA began B continued C ended D resumed11 A red flag was placed there as a tokon of danger.A sign B substitute C proof D target12 However bad the situation is,the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctant B eager C pleased D angry13 It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limit B control C replace D offset14 The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A deny B investigate C stress D create15 The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A gradually B suddenly C excessively D exceptionally第 2 部 分：阅 读 判 断（第 1622题，每 题 1分，共 7 分）阅 读 下 面 这 篇 短 文，短 文 后 列 出 7 个 句 子，请 根 据 短 文 的 内 容 对 每 个 句 子 做 出 判 断。如 果 该 句 提 供 的 是 正 确 信 息，请 在 答 题 卡 上 把 A 涂 黑；如 果 该 句 提 供 的 是 错 误 信 息，请 在 答 题 卡 上 把 B 涂 黑；如 果 该 句 的 信 息 文 章 中 没 有 提 及，请 在 答 题 卡 上 把 C 涂 黑 Principles of Governing PersuasionIf leadership consists of getting thing done through others,then persuasion is one of the leadery s essential tools.Many executives have assumed that this tool is beyond their grasp,available only to the charismatic（有 魅 力 的）andthe eloquent.Over the past several decades,though,experimental psychologistshave learned which methods reliably lead people to concede,comply,or change.Their research shows that persuasion is governed by several principles that can be taught and applied.The first principle is that people are more likely to follow someone who issimilar to them than someone who is not.Wise managers,then,ask peers to help make their cases.Second,people are more willing to cooperate with those whoare not only like them but who like them,as well.So it s worth the time touncover real similarities and offer genuine praise.Third,experiments confirm the intuitive truth that people tend to treat you the way you treat them.It s sound policy to do a favor before seeking one.Fourth,individuals are more likely to keep promises they make voluntarily andclearly.The message for managers here is to get commitments in writing.Fifth,studies show that people really do defer to（服 从）experts.So before they attempt to exert influence,executives should take pains to establish their own expertise and not assume that it s self-evident.Finally,people want more of acommodity when it s scarce;it follows,then,that exclusive information is more persuasive than widely available data.16 Experiments have confirmed the assumption of many executives.A right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 People are more likely to cooperate with those who like them.A right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 Managers do not employ those who are quite different from them.A right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 There is no need for a manager to find out the merits of his employees.A right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 Experiments have shown that,contrary to our expectation,people tend totreat you the way you treat them.A right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 There are as many wise managers as there are stupid ones.A right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Exclusive information is more persuasive than widely known data.A right B Wrong C Not mentioned第 3 部 分：概 括 大 意 与 完 成 句 子（第 23 30题，每 题 1分，共 8 分）阅 读 下 面 这 篇 短 文，短 文 后 有 2 项 测 试 任 务：（1）第 2326题 要 求 从 所 给 的 6 个 选 项 中 为 第 2,3,5 和 6 段 每 段 选 择 1个 正 确 的 小 标 题；（2）第 2730题 要 求 从 所 给 的 6 个 选 项 中 选 择 4 个 正 确 选 项，分 别 完 成 每 个 句 子。请 将 答 案 涂 在 答 题 卡 相 应 的 位 置 上。Keeping Cut Flowers1 While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house,few people know how to keep them for as long as possible.This may be done by keeping in minda few simple facts.2 An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature.For example,studies have shown that cut carnations（康 乃 馨）retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12oC than when kept at 260c.Keeping freshly harvested flowers at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.3 Flowers are not intended by nature to live very long.Their biological purpose is simply to attract birds or insects,such as bees,for pollination（授 粉）.After that,they quickly dry up and die.The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide（二 氧 化 碳），called respiration（呼 吸），generates the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and colour.The making of seeds also depends on this energy.While all living things respire,flowers have a high level of respiration.A result of all this respiration isheat,and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high.Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower.Thusthe greater the level of respiration,the sooner the flower dies.4 How,then,to control the rate at which flowers die?By controlling respiration.How is respiration controlled?By controlling temperature.We know thatrespiration produces heat,but the reverse is also true.Thus by maintaining 1ow temperatures,respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.5 Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed.Flowers find it difficult to“drink“water that is dirty or otherwise polluted.Even when water looks and smells clean,it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers.To rid thewater of these unwanted substances,household chlorine bleach(含 氯 漂 白 剂)canbe used in small quantities.It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach(at 4%solution)be added to each litre of water.The water and solution shouldalso be replaced each day.A Control of Respiration B Beauty of Fresh Cut FlowersC Role of Respiration D Most Important Aspect of Flower CareE Need for Clean Water F Ways of Stopping Respiration23 Paragraph 2_24 Paragraph 3_25 Paragraph 4_26 Paragraph 527 A few simple facts will help you keep cut flowers28 Respiration plays a key role29 The aging of cut flowers can be slowed down30 Another important way to prolong the life of cut flowers isA by keeping its original shape and colourB in the life of the cut flowerC to produce carbon dioxideD for as long as possibleE by controlling temperatureF to replace the water and solution every day第 4 部 分：阅 读 理 解（第 3广 45题，每 题 3 分，共 45分）下 面 有 3 篇 短 文，每 篇 短 文 后 有 5 道 题，每 道 题 后 面 有 4 个 选 项。请 根 据 文 章 的 内 容,从 每 题 所 给 的 4 个 选 项 中 选 择 个 最 佳 答 案，涂 在 答 题 卡 相 应 的 位 置 上。第 一 篇 Salty”Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water.Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo,from Sussex University,s School of Biological Sciences,have spent several years researching how crops,such as rice,could bemade to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme,funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council,to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions.The aim is to breed this capabilityinto crops,starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares（公 顷）of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts（妨 碍 生 长）plants.The problem is caused by several factors.In the tropics,mangroves（红 树 林）that create swamps（沼 泽）and traditionally formed barriers to sea water havebeen cut down.In the Mediterranean,a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop,allowing sea water to seep（渗 透）in.in Latin America,irrigat ion often causes problems when water is evaporated（蒸 发）by the heat,leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally.Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To overcome these problems,Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little slat and store what they do absorb in cells that do notaffect the plants growth.They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop,but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known,Elowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants.Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again,providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true?A They are students at Sussex University.B They are rice breeders.C They are husband and wife.D They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programmeA to find ways to prevent water pollution.B to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil.C to breed rice plants that taste salty.D to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil.33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?A Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B the water table has gone down after droughts.C Sea level has been continuously rising.D Evaporation of water leaves salt behind34 The word“affect“in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced byA influence”B“effect”C“stop”D“present”35 The attitude of the author towards the research project isA positiveB negative.C suspiciousD indifferent.第 二 篇 Ford s Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our 1ives,you cannot overlook Henry Ford.A historian a century from now might wel1 conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing,everywhere,even to this day,by introducing a new way to make cars-one,strange to say,that originated in slaughterhouses（屠 宰 场）。Back in the early 1900 s,slaughterhouses used what could have been called a“disassembly line。Ford reversed this process to see if it would speedup production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto.Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto,one of its elements was placedon a conveyer,and each worker,as it passed,added another component to it,the same one each time.Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware,an expert on industrial development,tells what happened.“The previous day,workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes.But on that day,on the line,the assemble teamaveraged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.”Within a year,the time had been reduced to five minutes.In 1913,Ford went all the way.Hooked together by ropes,partially assembled vehicles were towed（拖，拉）past workers who completed them one piece at a time.It hasn（tlong before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year,a remarkable achievement then.And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half,to$260,putting them within reach ofall those who,up until that time,could not afford them.Soon,auto makersthe world over copied him.In fact,he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations,entitled Today and Tomorrow.The Age of theAutomobile has arrived.Today,aided by robots and other forms of automation（自 动 化），everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.36 Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true?A He introduced a new way of production.B He influenced all manufacturing.C He inspired other auto makers.D He changed a historian s mind.37 The writer mentions slaughterhouses”because they were the places whereA Ford,s assembly line originatedB Ford made his first car.C Ford readjusted the assembly line.D Ford innovated the disassembly line.38 A magneto is a technical term forA an automobile.B a production lineC a part of an automobile engine.D a disassembly line39 the phrase”turning out“in the last paragraph could be best replacedbyA“producing”B“selling”C“buying”D“fixing”40 The invention of the assembly line enabled Henry FordA to create more jobs for the unemployedB to write a book on historyC to reduce the price of his cars to$260D to cut the production of his cars by 50%第 三 篇 PlayPlay is the principal business of childhood,and in recent years research has shown the great importance of play in the development of a human being.Fromearliest infancy,every child needs opportunity and the right materials for play,and the main tools of play are toys.Their main function is to suggest,encourage and assist play.To succeed in this they must be good toys,which children will play with often,and will come back to again and again.Therefore it isimportant to choose suitable toys for different stages of a child,s development.In recent years research on infant development has shown that the standarda child is likely to reach,within the range of his inherited abilities,is largely determined in the first three years of his life.So a baby,s ability to profit from the right play materials should not be underestimated.A baby who isencouraged and stimulated,talked to and shown things and played with,has thebest chance of growing up successfully.In the next stage,from three to five years old,curiosity knows no bounds.Every type of suitable toy should be made available to the chi Id,for trying out,experimenting and learning,for discovering his own particular ability.Bricks and jigsaws（七 巧 板）and construction toys;painting,scribbling（涂 鸦）andmaking things;sand and water play;toys for imaginative and pretending play;the first social games for learning to play and get on with others.Bt the third stage of play deve1opment-from five to seven or eight years-the child is at school.But for a few more years play is still the best way of learning,at home or at school.It is easier to see which type of toys the chillsmost enjoys.Until the age of seven or eight,play and work mean much the same to a child.But once reading has been mastered,then books and school become the main source of learning.Toys ar
