任务型阅读理解 2021年中考英语题型解题指导秘籍.pdf

题型2:任务型阅读理解类 型 1：回答问题细读文本转思维三三三命题解密三 三 三 三命题角度卜1.由一般疑问句引出的问题。2.由选择疑问句（A or B）来提问文章的细节。3.由特殊疑问词who（人物）、where（地点）、when（时间）、what（事件）、why（原因）、how（方式）引导的特殊疑问句来提问文章的细节。4.对文章的主旨大意设问，形式如下：Whats the main idea of the passage?/What are the main points about.in this passage?命题陷阱卜1.答非所问。回答任务型阅读问题，通常要在理解短文内容的基础上，进行提炼、归纳做出回答，一般不会直接找到答案，而是通过“同义句”的方式给答案蒙上面纱,如果不够细心，很容易出现答非所问的现象。2.时态误用。问题用了某种时态，所给答案也要用相应的时态。另外，答语中的主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式；主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式。3.指鹿为马。文章中，在解释概念或转述文意时，往往会有多个事实或对象，因此在作答时，就要仔细分辨所问的是哪一个事实或对象。4.忽略词数。很多问题在回答时，有明确的词数要求，这就要求学生在答题时不能照搬照抄原文的句子，要适当加工，才能得出标准答案。三 正 满分导航三 三 三根据主题,确定方向，摘为 通 贪 勉 技巧演练场（2020吉林中考）A new report from a university says 80%of the worlds teens dont get enough exercise every day.Thereport was based on（基于）research done with about 2 million students aged 11 to 17 around the world.According to the report,activity standards are different in different countries and they are also different betweenboys and girls.In China,for example,only 20%of the boys are active enough,compared to 11%of the girls.Why dont teens go out fbr exercise?One main reason is that they always have technology products in theirhands or around them.They spend too much time on smartphones,computers and TVs in their free time.Manyteens find it very hard to pull themselves away from these devices（设备）.The report says that young people needto do less in the digital world but more in the real world.It advises kids to get at least an hour of exercise everyday.This could include running,biking,playing sports,or many other outdoor activities.More and more research shows that exercise not only helps the body,but also helps the brain.Besides,doingsports helps kids to make friends.Mark,a sports fan,started to play football when he was six years old.He usedto be shy and weak,but now he has become taller and stronger.He gets to know the importance of communicatingwith his teammates and how to learn from mistakes and failure.And he has made lots of friends with the sameinterest.They often have football training on the playground.They have more to talk about and enjoy thehappiness after training.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1.How many students around the world took part in the research?2.Are activity standards the same between boys and girls according to the report?3.What does the report advise kids to do?4.When did Mark start to play football?5.Where do Mark and his teammates often have football training?第一步：初读文章，把握大意本文主要阐述了青少年不爱参加户外活动，沉迷于数字世界，建议孩子多做户外活动。第二步：根据问题，定位信息。T 1:由关键词“How many students”定位答案在文章第一段第二句。T 2:由关键词“Are activity standards the same”定位答案在文章第一段第三句。T 3:由关键词“What.advise kids to do”定位答案在文章第二段倒数第二句。T 4:由关键词“When.start to play fbotball”定位答案在文章第三段第三句。T 5:由关键词“Where.have football training”定位答案在文章最后一段倒数第二句。第三步：认真推敲，确定答案。T 1.这是一个特殊疑问句，询问数量。由 The report was based on research done with about 2 million students 可得出答案:About 2/two million(students).T 2.这是一个一般疑问句，要用 yes 或 no 来回答。由 activity standards are different in different countries andthey are also different between boys and girls 可知是否定回答，因此答案：No,they arent./No.T 3.这 是 个特殊疑问句，是询问做什么。S It advises kids to get at least an hour of exercise every day.可得出正确答案：Il advises 由em/kids to get at least an hour of exercise every day.这里还要注意代词的用法。T 4.这是一个特殊疑问句，询问时间。由句子 Mark,a sports fan,started to play football when he was six yearso ld.可知答案：When he was six/6(years old).T 5.这是一个特殊疑问句，询问地点。由句子They often have football training on the playground.可知答案：On the playground.第四步：复读全文，验证答案。1.检查答案的时态、人称和数是否一致；2.检查答案是否准确、精练,如问的是时间，答案就给出时间，问的是地点，答案就给出地点即可，尽量避免出现一些无关的信息。Test 1体裁 话题 词数 建议用时 正确率记叙文 人物 266T/5In 1798,German composer Ludwig van Beethoven marked the first passage of his newest composition withthe Italian term“grave,meaning slow and solemn.He was troubled to learn that he was losing his hearing.Buthis Sonata Pathetique sounded exciting and positive.It has encouraged many people over the years.On Aug 29,18-year-old Xiong Linghao from Chengdu Special Education School played the sonata at the13th Shanghai International Youth Piano Competition.A video of her performance has gotten 7 million viewsonline.Its been a long and hard journey for Xiong.She lost her eyesight due to a medical accident when she wasstill a baby.Her mother later found that Xiong had a talent for music.At age 3,she could play childrens songs ona small electric piano.At age 6,she started learning the piano fbr real.Unlike people who can see the keyboard,she must remember where each note is.Practice is key because sheneeds to form muscle memory so she can find the right keys.She practices six to eight hours every day.U 6I listento the melody again and again and then send what I hear to my fingers.I used to practice with each handseparately before I could play with both hands together,“Xiong said.Xiong won the Special Jury Prize at the competition.The piano has accompanied me through my ups anddowns in its own way,she said.it empowers me with perseverance and brings so much pleasure into my life.1.Is Sonata Pathetique positive or sad?2.When did Xiong Linghao play the sonata at the 13th Shanghai International Youth Piano Competition?3.Why did Xiong Linghao lose her eyesight?4.How long does Xiong Linghao practice piano?5.What did Xiong Linghao win at the competition?Test 2体裁话题词数 建议用时 正确率说明文 卫生与健康 294T/5Most of us use alarm clocks or mobile phones to wake up at the right time for school or work.We look at ourwatches to know the right time for the bus or train.However,there is also a right time to eat,sleep,exercise,andtake medicine.We cant look at a clock for the right time fbr these activities.We must listen to the clock insideour bodies,the biological clock.Barbara Wells exercised every morning.She woke up at 6:00 a.m.She ran about two miles before she wentto work.But Barbaras legs and back started to hurt.She did some exercise before she ran.But her legs and backstill hurt.She ran slower,but the pain didnt stop.Barbara talked to her doctor.The doctor said,Dont run in themorning.Try to exercise later in the day.That is the time when your body is at the right temperature for exerciseafter work.Her legs and back didnt hurt any more.Today,doctors are learning more about chronobiology（生物钟学）,the study of biological clocks.They arelearning about the importance of time fbr our bodies.For example,it is best fbr people to go to sleep on timeevery night and to eat only when theyre hungry.Also,doctors discovered that some illnesses,such as heartattacks,occur most often in the morning.This information tells them that the best time to take heart medicationmay be at night.When patients take heart medication at night,they may prevent a heart attack in the morning.Many doctors believe chronobiology can help us live healthier lives.It may be the right time to listen to thesedoctors!根据短文内容，回答下列问题。1.What clocks do we all have inside our bodies?2.How far did Barbara Wells run every morning?3.What are the doctors learning about?4.What is the right time for the person who has a heart attack to take heart medication?5.What can we learn from the passage?Test 3体裁话题词数 建议用时 正确率说明文 体育运动 262T/5Imagine this scene.There are twelve people covered from head to toe in thick protective clothing.They areholding sticks in their hands and skating around on ice.Two of them are protecting their nets,but the rest arerunning after a speedy black dot.It is an ice hockey match!Ice hockey comes from stick-and-ball games played in the British Isles long ago.It was later introduced toNorth America and became particularly popular in Canada,becoming the countrys official national winter sport.According to the report,Canada has the most ice hockey players with over 620,000 players registered.In China,ice hockey is becoming more and more popular.In 2006,Ying Da,a famous Chinese director,founded the Tiger Cub Ice Hockey Club with his friends.One year later,he helped（bund the first Beijing YouthHockey League to promote（推广）the sport.The league started with just four teams and 100 players,but now it has nearly 100 teams with over 2,000players!t4Ice hockey is not a sport of giants（巨人）,but a sport of ordinary people,Ying Da said.Ying Das son,Ying Rudi,has fallen in love with the winter sport.Ying Da said that ice hockey turnedRudi into a man,“making him braver and stronger.Ice hockey helps children learn the importance of good sports spirit and how to work in a team.It is certainlya sport with speed,strength and strategy（战略）.But most importantly,it requires teamwork.So,go hit the ice withyour friends!根据上面短文内容，回答问题。（每小题不超过6 个单词）1.How many players are there in an ice hockey match?2.Where did the ice hockey become particularly popular?3.When did the first Beijing Youth Hockey League appear?4.Who is Ying Rudi according to the passage?5.What is the key to winning a game of ice hockey?类型2:短文还原理解句意寻逻辑命题解密命题角度卜一般空白处出现在文章中间,主-.要考查文中句与句之间的关系1.逻辑关系 A -一般空白处是一个主旨概括句,要通过后面的多个细节来印证命题角度 一 2.主 旨 概 括-.需要联系上下文寻找答案3.文章结构-空白处一般是一个过渡性句子,答题四忌卜1.忌忽略选项。做题时，应先把文章后面所给的备选项快速浏览一遍，然后带着这些备选项进行阅读。边读边选出比较简单的选项,从而提高阅读效率。2.忌草率行事。在设计选项时，命题者往往在几个选项中设计出一个或两个似是而非的答案。对所给相似选项,要进行分析、比较、去伪存真。3.忌囱冏定案。忌考生在未完全读懂文章时就匆忙定案。尚未读懂的地方，一定要联系上下文，仔细多读几遍,直到读懂再定答案。4.忌忽视位置。这里指空格的位置。如空格在段首，可能是填段落的主题句；空格在段落中间，可能填过渡句；空格在段末，通常填概括句等。满分导航重点放在文章的开头.结尾以及每段的首句和尾句；开头通常揭示文章的主题，尾句通常会是文Step 1 ：略读全文，总结。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _掌握大意/分析备选项的信息,揭示句子的确切含义,从而G一、八4*后、提取关键信息，以备联系上下文的备选之需Step 2:分物用项./-盘取信息,0 根据各句子之间的逻辑关系，如并列、顺序、递 js t c p 3:上下联系）进、转折.因果,解释等关系.确定正确答案 一确J卷 冢 一/-通读全文，细心梳理对应信息、行文逻辑和关联 过渡等,确保文意通顺、连贯,发现问题，及时fs te p 4:复读全文1_ 验 证 答 案八（2020青岛中考）Youve been learning words since you were a tiny baby.At first,you learned them only by hearing otherpeople talk.Now that youre a reader,you have another way to learn words.What should you do when you cometo a word and you think you dont know what it means?1.Say itFirst,sound it out.Then say it to yourself.2.Sometimes you know a word in your head but youdont know what it looks like in print.So if you match up what you know and what you read you have theword!Use contextIf this doesnt work,take the next step:look at the context-the other words and sentences around it.Readthis sentence:When it rained,the dog looked for shelter in the doomay,3.Rain and in thedoorway might give you helpful information.4._If the context doesnt help,look at the parts of the word.Does it have any parts you know?These can helpyou understand what it means.If you dont know the meaning of miner,try looking at parts of the word.Youmight know that a mine is a place underground where people get coal and other valuable things.A lot of times,-erat the end of a word means“a person who does something”.So a miner might be someone who works in a mine.Look it upIf the three steps above dont work,you can look it up.5.either a book or online.Nobody knows the meaning of every word,but good readers know how to understand words they dontknow.根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项,选项中有一项为多余选项。A.Use word partsB.Look at the wordsC.It might sound like a word you knowD.You can find the word in a dictionaryE.Following some easy steps can help youF.If the word“shelter“doesnt look familiar,look at the words around it第一步：初读文章，把握大意。本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习生词的四个步骤。这些步骤包括：读出来、使用情境、使用构词法以及查词典等。第二步：分析选项，提取信息。选项关键信息含义Aword parts使用构词法Blook at the words看这些单词CIt might sound like.它可能听起来像Din a dictionary在词典里Esteps步骤Fthe words around it周围的单词第三步：认真推敲，确定答案。1.E 此句在段末,应为总结或过渡句。下文主要讲学习生词的步骤。明显E 选项“采用一些简单步骤能够帮助你 为引出下文的过渡句。故选E。2.C 此句在段中,要注意前后句的逻辑关系。根据后文“Sometimes you know a word in your head but youdont know what it looks like in print.”与 It might sound like.相关，从而判断本题选 Co3.F 此句在段中，要注意前后句之间的逻辑关系。根据后文“Rain and in the doorway might give you helpfulinformation.nJ知,rain 和 in the doorway 与 the words around it 相关，故本题选 F。4.A 此句为主题句。本段主要讲述如何根据单词的词根词缀（组成部分）猜词义，与信息“word parts”相关,故本题选A。5.D 此句在段中，要注意前后句之间的逻辑关系。“look it up”和后文either a book or online”都与信息词“dictionary”相关，由此可知本题选D。第四步：复读全文，验证答案。将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文,重点检查上下文的逻辑关系和关联结构。如有不妥,再斟酌修改。3旗 新 献新题竞技场Test 1体裁话题词数 建议用时 正确率说明文 居住环境 266T/5For many Chinese,Shenzhen is a land of opportunities.It is always on the list of top Chinese cities wherepeople would like to work and live.However,40 years ago,1.On Aug 26,1980,China decided to make Shenzhen the countrysfirst special economic zone（SEZ,经济特区）.Everything has changed since then.During the past 40 years,Shenzhen has become a modern city.Lets see Shenzhen speedOn Sept 4,1984,2.,Chinas tallest building at that time.The world was surprised at how fast itwas built.It took only three days to build each new floor.This speed was known as“Shenzhen speed”.Shenzhen is Chinas Silicon Valley,In the 1990s,3.Many businesses that make electronic products（电子产品），such as TVs,computers and cellphones,came to Shenzhen.cin Shenzhen,if you have an idea,you can quickly find factories tomake the product for you,“said Jasen Wang,CEO of a tech education startup（初仓U 公司）.The city is home tomany tech companies,including Huawei and Tencent.Young people go there to make their new ideas cometrue.4._According to economist（经济学家）Zhang Weiying,about 65 percent of people in Shenzhen were born orgrew up elsewhere.Some like spicy（辣的）food,while others like sweet food;some came from a poor village,while some came from another big city.5.,as Chinese writer Yi Zhongtian wrote.No one feels likean outsider.Everyone there is a Shenzhener.根据短文内容，将下面方框内的句子还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺，每个选项只能用一次。A.Shenzhen decided to make technology one of its main industriesB.Shenzhen is Chinas melting pofC.Shenzhen finished building the International Trade CenterD.Shenzhen is a city that has no dialects（方言）E.Shenzhen was just a small fishing villageTest 2体裁话题 词数 建议用时 正确率记叙文 故事2468/5Once my mother told me a story.In Africa,when an antelope（羚羊）wakes up every morning,the first thingit thinks about is,“I must be able to run faster than the fastest lion,or I will be k ille d.1.,the firstthing the lion thinks about is,“I must be able to catch the slowest antelope,or I will die of hunger.So almost atthe same time,the antelope and the lion get up and start running toward the rising sun.This is life:full of chances and challenges.2.For students,it is just the same.If we dontstudy hard,sooner or later,we will fall behind the other students.At first,I did not know what the word“exam”meant.Later,I knew an exam was a kind of competition.In competitions,there are always winners and losers.AsI grew up,I got to know competition well.3.Each time I saw children playing games and heard their laughter,I wished I were that age again.4.So I picked up my pen and began to study hard again.I was still not sure what competition really meant.One day,I was taking part in an English-speakingcompetition.When I went to the stage,I saw other students looking at me kindly.5.It is not ascruel as my teacher and parents told me.In fact,competition is the opposite:it is kind and necessary.Almost every day,we talk about health.But what is health?Health means eating well,getting enoughA.When a lion wakes from his dreamB.I suddenly knew what competition wasC.There must be competitions in ones life,so people can improveD.However,I remembe