2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习--十二　猜测词义.pdf

2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习专题十二猜测词义Passage 1The village of Misfat Al Abriyeen has changed its fortunes by transforming mud-brick homes into finehotels.The village of 8(X)people,located on the cliffs of Omans Grand Canyon,opened its narrow streetsyears ago to foreigners and locals seeking adventure in the deserts and green corners of the Gulf area.Villager Yacoub Al-Abri said it all started in 2010 when his uncle suggested they take another look at themud houses that had lain ignored for years in the ancient settlement about three hours drive from the capitalMuscat.The owners had abandoned the centuries-old homes,fearing they could topple,and moved to theopposite side of the village where they built new accommodation.The brown-walled homes,made of mud bricks with palm-leave roofs,were turned into simple butelegant inns with wood furniture and handcrafts made using skills handed down from their ancestors.46Westarted with only five rooms,then we increased the number and bought other old houses.Today we have 15rooms and there arc plans to continue expanding until we reach 50,“Al-Abri said.At an altitude of more than 1,000 meters,the tiny village which is home to his tribe is a charmingcollection of traditional houses located along dozens of small alleys(、巷)overlooking lands bursting withbanana plants and citrus and palm trees.It is part of a region known as the Grand Canyon of Oman wheretourists can hike the rocky mountains and valleys,and explore the old ways of local people.The region is alsofamed for its centuries-old stories that are still widely told in similar villages across the country.Renoda,a Dutch psychologist living in Muscat,was visiting with three of her friends.uIfs perhaps the10th time that I have visited this hotel since last year.I come here for a night or two every month seeking calm,relaxation and comfort,M she told AFP.l .What does the underlined word“topple in paragraph 2 mean?A.Move.B.Fall.C.Disappear.D.Shrink.2.What are the rooms of the village hotels like?A.Splendid.B.Outdated.C.Ordinary.D.Traditional.3.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?第1页 共9 9页A.The unique lifestyle of the local people.B.The special situation of the small village.C.The reasons for the popularity of the village.D.The introduction of the history of the village.4.What can be inferred about Renoda?A.She lives a stressful life in 由 e city.B.She enjoys adventurous traveling.C.Visiting the villagers is part of her work.D.She wants to live in this hotel permanently.答案 语篇解读 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:阿曼的古老村庄MisfalAlAbriyeen依托古老文明,发展旅游业。1.B 猜测词义题。根据第二段的“the mud houses that had lain ignored for years in the ancientsettlement,HUThe owners had abandoned the centuries-old homes和and moved to the opposite side of thevillage where they built new accommodatiorT可推知，房主们担心这些老房子会倒塌，故选B 项。2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的“The brown-walled homes,made of mud bricks with palm-leave roofs,were turned into simple but elegant inns with wood furniture and handcrafts made using skills handed downfrom their ancestors.”可推知，这些旅店是传统的。3.C 主旨要义题。根据第四段”.a charming collection of traditional houses.The region is also famed fbr.”可知本段主要讲的是“这个村庄受欢迎的原因”。4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I come here for a night or two every month seeking calm,relaxationand comfort”可知,她需要放松。由此推断出她在城市里过着紧张的生活。Passage 2The literary world has a new star.Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is the winner of the Nobel Prize inLiterature 2021 in recognition of his compassionate penetration（揭示）of the effects of colonialism（殖民主义）and the fate of the refugee（难民）Gurnah grew up in Zanzibar,an island off the coast of Tanzania.In the late 1960s,Gurnah was forced toleave for England as a refugee,where he began to reflect on his experiences in a diary and then through stories.Through the years,he wrote 10 novels and stories that explore the suffering caused by war and colonialism.第2页 共9 9页“The thing that motivated the whole experience of writing for me was this idea of losing your place in theworld；Gumah told The New York Times.His 1994 novel Paradise,which tells the story of a boy growing up in early 20th century Tanzania,marked his breakthrough as a novelist and won the Booker Prize.Afterlives,his most recent work,continuesthe narrative of Paradise and takes place during the period of German colonialism in Tanzania.Before he retired,Gurnah,73,was a professor of English and postcolonial literature at the University ofKent in England.Although Gurnahs first language is Swahili,he adopted English as his literary language.Hiswriting often contains traces of Arabic,Swahili and German,as well.Anders Olsson,the chair of the Nobel committee,said that Gurnah“is widely recognized as one of theworlds more preeminent postcolonial writers.Ethiopian-American novelist Maaza Mengiste described Gumahs writings as being“like a gentle blade（7J 刃）slowly moving in”.“He has written works that are absolutely unfearing and yet at the same timecompletely compassionate and full of hearts for people of East Africa,Mengiste said.He is writing storiesthat are often quiet stories of people who arent heard,but theres insistence there that we listen.l.What are Gumahs works mainly about?A.The life of the people in Tanzania.B.Effects of war and colonialism.C.Experiences of living abroad.D.Growth in an underdeveloped nation.2.What can we know about Gurnah?A.He was inspired to write by his refugee experience.B.He used to be a professor of law and literature.C.He publishes his works in Arabic and Swahili.D.He was not well-known until he won the Nobel Prize.3.What does Maaza Mengiste think of Gurnahs writing?A.It is elegantly written in his native language.B.It is widely welcomed by people around the world.C.It is powerful and employs sharp language.D.It calls for attention to the life of the underclass.4.What does the underlined word“preeminent“in paragraph 5 probably mean?第3页 共9 9页A.Awful.B.Potential.C.Outstanding.D.Particular.答案 语篇解读 语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:2021年诺贝尔文学奖获得者AbdulrazakGurnah、他的作品及别人对他的作品的评价。1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“he wrote 10 novels and stories that explore the suffering caused bywar and colonialism”可知,Gurnah的作品主要与战争和殖民主义的影响有关。2.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的In the late 1960s,Gurnah was forced to leave for England as arefugee,where he began to reflect on his experiences in a diary and then through stories.及“The thing thatmotivated the whole experience of writing for me was this idea of losing your place in the world”可推知,Gurnah的难民经历激发了他写作的灵感。3.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“He has written works that are absolutely unfearing and yet at thesame time completely compassionate and full of hearts fbr people of East AfHca及“He is writing stories thatare often quiet stories of people who arent heard,but theres insistence there that we listen.”可 矢 口,MaazaMengiste认为Gurnah的作品呼吁人们关注下层社会的生活。4.C 猜测词义题。根据文章第一段中“Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is the winner of the Nobel Prize inLiterature 2021 in recognition of his compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate ofthe refligee了和第五段中“is widely recognized”可知,Gurnah是优秀的作家，获得了诺贝尔文学奖,被全世界认可。Passage 3Animal rescuer and cinematographer Douglas Throns passion for animals began when he was a little kid.“I started rescuing orphaned baby animals,Thron says.And I wanted to be a wildlife cinematographer.,When Thron grew up,he did just that,working for shows like Discovery Channefs Shark Week,filmingthe great white sharks off the coast of Santa Cruz,California.But Thron says it was the fire in Paradise inCalifornia in 2018 that“pushed“him to do animal rescue work,putting his aerial cinematography skills togood use.At the time,Thron was filming a man who was rescuing cats after the fire using an infrared hand-heldcamera.The camera uses heat to detect the animals at night.Thron and the man talked about how incredible it第4页 共9 9页would be to put one on a drone to detect animals more easily.The animaFs body temperature will glow onthe screen and you can pick them out among the bricks and stones,explains Thron.The first animal Thron ever rescued in this way was a dog in the Bahamas after a category-5 hurricane hit,which wiped out hundreds of houses.Thron put an infrared scope on a drone and found the dog.“The drone really shaves off critical time so that the really badly hurt animals are able to be rescued,“Thron says.Once the scope picks up the“heat signature of an animal”,Thron turns a spotlight on the animaland zooms in on it,so he and the rescue crew can go and save the animal.Thron has basically been going non-stop since then”.His TV show,Doug to the Rescue,shows some ofhis heart-warming animal rescues,including after Hurricane Laura in Louisiana in 2020 and after fires inNorthern California and Oregon.Thron also helped rescue koalas after fires damaged parts of Australia in2020.l.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Researching rare animals.B.Rescuing homeless animals.C.Becoming a disaster rescuer.D.Working as a wildlife cinematographer.2.Whafs Throns purpose of attaching the infrared camera to the drone?A.To locate an animal quickly.B.To shoot more inviting photos.C.To take animals body temperature.D.To give warnings of dangers timely.3.Whats the fifth paragraph mainly about?A.The difficulties Thron has to overcome.B.The skills Thron will need to operate the drone.C.The way Thron uses the drone to rescue animals.D.The reason why Thron chose his present job.4.According to the passage,which word can best describe Thron?A.Modest.B.Creative.C.Generous.D.Outgoing.答案第5页 共99页 语篇解读 语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:电影摄影师Douglas Thron通过红外摄像机和无人机救助动物。1.D 猜测词义题。根据第一段中“And I wanted to be a wildlife cinematographer.”以及画线词后文“working for shows.filming the great white sharks”可知 that 指的是“做一名野生动物电影摄影师”。2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“how incredible it would be to put one on a drone to detect animals moreeasily”可推知,Thron把红外摄像机安在无人机上的目的是快速探测动物。3.C 主旨要义题。第五段主要讲了 Thron使用无人机拯救动物的方式。4.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中“put one on a drone to detect animals”以及第五段中“Once the scope picksup the heat signature of an animaP,Thron turns a spotlight on the animal and zooms in on it”可 矢 口 Thron 想到利用红外摄像机和无人机救助动物的办法，由此可见他具有创造性。Passage 4Think back to when you were in a maths classroom,and the teacher set a difficult problem.Which of thetwo following responses is closer to the way you reacted?A:Oh no,this is too hard for me.Im not even going to seriously try and work it out.B:Ah,this is quite tricky,but I like to push myself.Even if I dont get the answer right,maybe Ill learnsomething in the attempt.Early in her career,the psychologist Carol Dweck of Stanford University gave a group of ten-year-oldsproblems that were slightly too hard for them.One group reacted positively and loved the challenge.She saysthey had a“growth mindsef9 and focused on what they could achieve in the future.But another group ofchildren felt that their intelligence was being judged and they had failed.They had a“fixed mindset”and wereunable to imagine improving.Some of them looked for someone who had done worse than them to boost theirself-esteem.Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment.For years,children havebeen praised for their intelligence or talent,but this makes them vulnerable(脆弱的)to failure.They becomeperformance-oriented,wanting to please by getting high grades,but they are not interested in learning for itsown sake.The solution,according to Dweck,is to lead them to become mastery-oriented(i.e.interested ingetting better at something).She claims that the ever-lasting effort over time is the key to outstandingachievements.第6页 共9 9页Psychologists have been testing these theories.Underperforming school children on a Native Americanreservation were exposed to growth mindset techniques for a year.The results were nothing less thanincredible.They came top in regional tests,beating children from much more privileged backgrounds.Thesechildien had previously felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity,but they came to see it as the key tolearning.l.What can we learn about a person if his response is B”?A.He is performance-oriented.B.He tends to set limits to his life.C.He enjoys the process and focuses on the future.D.He boosts his self-esteem by comparing with others.2.Which of the following suggestions will Professor Dweck give to parents and teachers?A.To reward children for their high grades.B.To emphasize the importance of intelligence.C.To ignore the result brought by failure.D.To praise children for their engagement in the process.3.What does These children in the last paragraph refer to?A.Children showing no interest in learning.B.Children who use fixed mindset techniques.C.Children from much more privileged backgrounds.D.U nderperfor mi ng school children on a Native American reservation.4.Why does the author write the text?A.To distinguish the growth mindset and the fixed mindset.B.To inform readers of the importance of the growth mindset.C.To show several psychological study results.D.To point out a problem in education at the moment.答案 语篇解读 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:成长型思维和固定型思维。1.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“but I like to push myself.Even if I dont get the answer right,maybe Illlearn something in the attempt.”可知,这样的人会积极地面对问题，并且可能从尝试中学习到一些东西;再第7页 共9 9页结合第四段中“they had a growth mindsef and focused on what they could achieve in the fUture”可知，对于困难的问题能作出积极反应的人会享受过程并关注未来。故 选C项。2.D 推理判断题。根据第五段中“to lead them to become mastery-oriented.the ever-lasting effort over timeis the key to outstanding achievements.”可知,Dweck教授认为掌握一件事是非常重要的，并且要坚持不懈地努力，由此可推知，她给父母和老师的建议是表扬孩子们在过程中的参与。3.D 猜测词义题。根据最后一段可知，他们测试的对象是“Underperforming school children on a NativeAmerican reservationo由此可知此处的These children指的是第安人保留地的表现不佳的学生”。4.A 推理判断题。文章开头作者以问题和两种回答引出本文的主旨,第四段介绍了成长型思维和固定型思维,后文还通过心理学家们所做的实验及其结果来证明两者之间的区别和影响。由此可知，作者写这篇文章是想要说明成长型思维和固定型思维的区别。Passage 5Scientists in Australia have discovered that they can use the worlds smelliest fruits to make devices thatcould power electric cars.A durian is a fruit that looks like a pineapple.It is a delicacy in some Asiancountries,but its smell is so unpleasant that some of those countries have banned it from public places.Itssmell has been compared to rotting eggs and even smelly old gym socks.Vincent Gomes and his colleagues at the University of Sydney,in Australia,used a durian and ajackfruitanother fruit known for its terrible smellto make energy storing devices called supercapacitors.Supercapacitors are an alternative to batteries.They cant store as much energy as a normal battery does,but they are much quicker to recharge.Durians and jackfruits contain some of the chemicals used insupercapacitors,which gave Gomes the idea.To make the fruit-based devices,the team heated and thenfreeze-dried the uneatable cores of the durian and jackfruit to make a special kind of material called anaerogel.Aerogels are one of the worlds lightest solid materials.Often called frozen smoke”,they are made byremoving the liquid from a gel and replacing it with air.They have many scientific uses,but one of theirspecial properties is the ability to conduct electric currents,which makes them an important part ofsupercapacitors.The aerogels made fro