新题型——七选五阅读理解-3年高考2年模拟1年原创备战2018高考精品系列之英语（解析版）.pdf

3 年高考2 年模拟1年原创精品系列专题2 5 新题型一一七选五阅读理解2018年高考命题测】预测一“七选五”型阅读理解题，试题模式为：给出一篇缺少五个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述为，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。，预测二文章的篇幅较短，词数多为250 3 0 0,兼顾多种体裁，通常有记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等,要求考生充分利用所给信息，具备高效处理信息的能力，还要求考生对文章有更深层次的理解。预测三考查对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。【考点定位】2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布从2016年开始，全国大部分省份将采用新课标全国卷。新课标全国卷中的阅读填空要求考生 明确、深刻地理解一篇文章，对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”此题型文章中有5处空白，在阅读过程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主题、作者的写作意图，就很难顺畅地读下去、读明白，自然就很难选出正确答案。而一个空填错势必又影响到对另外一个空的选择。另外，此 题 有5个空白处，却提供7个选项，因此有2个选项是多余的干扰选项，从而又加大了选出正确答案的难度。该题型要求同学们从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考察，是语言表达的基本单位,属于语言的组织规律，那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，属于言语的组织规律，简单地说，前者侧重语言的结构-语法，而后者侧重语言的使用-章法.【考 点pk 名师考点透析根据出题形式的不同，填空类题型可以分为句子填空题，段落摘要，带选项的段落摘要等题型。.传统的分题型讲解的方法倾向于把这些题型拆开，这些题型的出题思路大同小异，一旦掌握了这些题目的共性,做题就会变得易如反掌。1.考查内容均为细节每一道填空题的题目基本上都是对原文的一句话或者几句话进行的同义改写，不会出现对多句话或者是整段进行的概括归纳.2.所填答案基本唯一虽然这种考试需要考生自己书写答案，但是所有答案均来自于原文，不需要考生用自己的语言对原词进行改写.极个别情况下会出现词序颠倒，但是基本上不需要考生进行词性.时态.单复数等曲折形式的转换.这是由阅读的目的所决定的，只考查考生的阅读能力，而无意检验考生的写作能力.3.凸显构成语段的方式一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接，我们在分析语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非灯通?只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章.通过对高考中 七选五 型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。根据作者归纳的解题方法和窍门，为帮助同学们记忆和使用，特将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除“五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。步骤一：通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为开门见山与结尾总结的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容,并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为.结尾总结式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。【三年高考】15、16、17高考试题及其解析17高考试题2017浙江卷6 月考根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to do man-on-the-street interviewsThe man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman tointerview people on the spot.31 But with these tips,your first man-on-the-street interview experience can beeasy.W hen your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story,think about thetopic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example,if your topic is aboutenvironmental problems in America,you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is important inAmerica?”32 Hit the streets with confidence.33,Say,Excuse me,I work for XYZ News,and I was wondering ifyou could share your opinion about this topic.This is a quick way to get people to wann up to you.Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talking on camera.Don*t getdiscouraged.34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.As soon as you getthe answer you need,move on to the next person.Make sure that as you go from interview to interview,you aregetting a variety of answers.If everyone is giving you the same answer,you wont be able to use it.A safe numberof interviews to conduct is about six to ten.35 If your news station or school requires interviewees to sign release fonns to appear on the air,dont leavework without them.A.Limit your time.B.As you approach people,be polite.C.If you don*t own a camera,you can buy one.D.For new reporters,this can seem like a challenging task.E.To get good and useful results,ask.them the same question.F.That number of interviews should give you all the answers you need.G.With a question like this,you will get more than a Yes”or No”reply.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何成功地做好街边的随机采访。31.D 考查语境理解及主题句。该句用来引入本文的话题。根据下文“But with these tips”可知，街头的随机采访对于初入职场的新闻工作者来说是富有挑战性的工作，但有了以下指点，你就能得心应手了，所以选用D 选项。32.G考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是结尾句。由其前“Why do you think”等可知，提问不要使用可以用“Yes”或“No”来简单回答的问题，而应该采用些能让被采访者多说话的问题，由此选用G 选项。33.B考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是连接句。由该句前面的confidence和下文的“.Excuse me,”可知，提问者要自信，同时也要有礼貌，所以选用B 选项。34.A 考查段落主题句。由其后的“shouldn t be longer than ten minutes.move on to the next person.”可知，采访的时间要控制，不可过长，所以选用A 选项。35.F考查上下文的语境理解。本选项是段中结尾句o根 据 上 文 的 A safe number of interviews to conduct isabout six to ten”可知，采访的次数要适当，610次为宜，这个数量的采访就可以使你获得你需要的所有答案，所以选用F 选项。2017全国卷I 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping,I would havelaughed heartily.Campers,in my eyes,were people who enjoyed insect bites,ill-cooked meals,and uncomfortablesleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.36The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37 We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit withMother Nature cost me two days off from work,recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for myson*s food poisoning.I was,nevertheless,talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.38 Instead,we had apop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring allthe necessities of life.39 We have done a lot of it since.Recently,we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with abathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom,a modern kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer evenhas matching carpet and curtains.40 It must be true that sooner or later,everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that you findyour way in style.A.This time there was no tent.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about camping since then,however.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.F.After the trip,my family became quite interested in camping.G.There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营购买了设备齐全的野营车。作者认为露营是回归大自然的一种方式，也建议读者找到适合自己的回归自然的方式。36.D根据前文可知，三年前作者认为露营和自己无关，而后文中表明作者热爱露营。此处暗示作者对待露营的态度应该出现转变。D 选项中的however起到了很好的转折作用。其次，“If anyone had told me threeyears ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping”暗示作者态度的转变就在三年前，D 选项中的since then自从那时候起”和前文时间吻合。故选D。37.C 根据后文的“We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take the showerand use the bathroom.“可知，作者第一次露营时条件很艰苦。C 选项“The trip they took me on was a rough one.中的rough暗示了这一点，符合语境。故选C。38.A 根据前文“We slept m a tent,cooked over an open fire：and walked a long distance to take the shower anduse the bathroom 可知，作者第一次露营时住帐篷,露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡和上厕所，条件很艰苦。而后文中Instead：we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner 说明作者第二次露营时有床有空调,而A 选项 This time there was no tent.”（这次没有帐篷了）暗示作者进行了第二次露营,而且条件比较好，符合语境。故 选 A。39.F 根据后文的“we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.There is a separate bedroom,a modem kitchen with a refrigerator.The trailer even has matching carpet andcurtains.”可知，作者一家为了露营买了野营车，里面设备齐全。这说明作者一家人是喜欢露营的。F 选项“Afterthe trip,my family became quite interested in camping.（那次露营之后，我的家人开始对它感兴趣）符合语境，故选Fo40.E 根据后文飞 must be true that sooner or later everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommendthat you find your way m style 可知，作者希望每个人能找到适合自己的回归自然的方法，而根据前文可知作者回归自然的方式就是露营。E 选 项 I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping（我必须得承认我真的开始享受露营）既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的一个总结，也很好地衔接了后文。故 选 E。2017.全国卷II根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done.36，there areseveral ways to handle things.Lets take a look at them now.37.Tell the person youre sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of youcan talk at a different time.When people try to interrupt you,have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or thatyoull find them then.38.It can help to eliminate（消除）future interruptions.When you need to talk to someone,dont do it in your own office.39,its much easier to excuse yourself toget back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.40.If someone knocks and its not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint（暗示）that when the door is closed,youre not to be disturbed.A.If youre busy,dont feel bad about saying noB.When you want to avoid interruptions at workC.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD.If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaE.Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youYe available to talk and close it when youYe not【文章大意】本文介绍了有效应对他人的过度打扰的方法。36.B考查语境理解及主题句。根据后文可知，针对他人的打扰，下文将教你在你忙得不可开交时如何应对。37.A 考查上下文的语境理解。下文”you have a million things to do”（要做的事太多），与 A 选项信息中的 busy形成信息对接。38.E考查上下文的语境理解。前句说需要让对方知道你安排了见面时间，该句说明其重要性，后句说这样可以消除后续烦扰。此处围绕时间安排进行讨论，主题明了。39.D考查上下文的语境理解。前句提倡不要在自己的办公室会见别人，后文提倡去会见者的办公室谈事,自己谈完可以随时退出，减少他人的无端打扰。40.G考查上下文的语境理解。有空时打开办公室大门，让对方知道你有空谈事，而自己正忙时关闭房门可避免打扰。2017全国卷HI根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning,and put the blame on the alarm clock.In fact,the key to easymorning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock.36 Heres how to make one.37 In order to make a change,you need to decide why its important.Do you want to get up in time to havebreakfast with your family,get in some exercise,or just be better prepared for your day?Once you are clear aboutyour reasons,tell your family or room-mates about the change you want to make.Rethink mornings.Now that you know why you want to wake up,consider rearranging your morning activities.If you want time to have breakfast with your family,save some lime the night before by setting out clothes,shoes,and bags.38 Thats a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If youre tired out by Friday night,sleeping in on Saturday couldsound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week,arecent study found.39 Keep a record and evaluate it weekly.Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel.After youve trieda new method for a week,take a look at your record.40 If not,take another look at other methods you couldtry.A.Get a sleep specialist.B.Find the right motivation.C.A better plan for sleep can help.D.And consider setting a second alarm.E.If the steps you take are working,keep it up.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几条关于调整好生物钟的建议 36.C上一句说的是生物钟的作用，下一句介绍的是如何调整生物钟，该空承上启下，故 选 C。37.B本空为该部分的主题句。下面的几个问题是让读者明白自己做事的目的，也就是动机，故 选 B 项。38.G 该题属于细节题，可以利用关键词确定答案。G 选项中的15 minutes就是下文所说的a quarter-hour o39.F由主题句可知，该段告诉我们要坚持自己的休息时间表(Keep your sleep wake schedule on weekends.)。故 选 F 项。40.E下文说的是“If not”,意思是“如果不,与 E 选项中的“If the steps you take”对应,由此可知答案。2017.北京卷根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,theydie within a month.71One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.72 We know that,while awake,fresh memoriesare recorded by reinforcing(力 口 强)connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take placewhile we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons（神经元）in the braincan be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to form the next day.73Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.74 The synapses in the mice taken at the endof a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections betweenneurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a nights sleep,we find it harder the next dayto concentrate and learn new information-our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses becomethinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size.75 Youkeep what matters,“Tononi says.A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.B.Ifs as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C.Similarly,when people go for a few days without sleeping,they get sick.D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F.”Sleep is the price we pay for learning,“says Giulio Tononi,who developed the idea.G.Tononis team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice.【文章大意】文童为说明文，讲的是动物为什么要睡眠，并给出两种观点：帮助增强新的记忆”和 为新记忆腾地方”。而后一种观点、有实险的支持，为越来越多的人所认可。同时，研究人员也指出，重要的记忆是不会被清除的，而是被保留下来，成为永久记忆。71.C该空为首段最后一句。该段前文指出所有动物都需要睡眠，并有例证，如实验室里的老鼠被剥夺 睡眠后，一个月内就会死亡。所以得出结论：人类也一样，如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病。所以答案选 Co72.E第二段首句提出了第一个观点：睡眠帮助我们增强新的记忆。这就解释了为什么学生们在学习之后开始睡觉会在考试中发挥得更好。所以答案选E。73.F该空为第三段最后一句话，是对整段内容的总结：睡眠会使有些记忆衰弱，从而为新记忆腾出空间。按 Tononi的话说，即“睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价故答案为F。74.G该空为第四段第二句话。第四段首句说现在我们有直接证据证明Tononi的观点是对的，那接下来讲的应该是Tononi团队是如何通过实验证明的，G 选项指出了实验是怎么做的，故选G。75.B 只有 B 项中“preserving its most important memories”与后句”you keep what matters”相呼应。也就是说，重要的记忆会被保留下来。故选B16高考试题1.12016 全国新课标I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Secret codes（密码）keep messages private o Banks,companies,and government agencies use secret codes indoing business,especially when information is sent by computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years.36 Code breaking never lags（落后）far behind codemaking.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography.37 For example,the first letters of“My elephant eats too manyeels”Spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”38 You might represent each letter with a number,For example,Lets number the letters of the alphabet,inorder,from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,the message“Meet me would read“13 5 20 13 5.”A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code,you must havea code book.39 For example“bridge“might stand for meet and out might stand for me.The mess