2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习--十　主旨要义.pdf

2023新课标版英语高考第二轮复习专题十主旨要义Passage 1I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province,on the Ancient Tea Horse Road.I have to admit that when I firstheard that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet,I was blown away.I couldntimagine that there could be such an unusual person in the world.Last May,I met Paul.He told me that it was his first time in China.He talked to me with greatexcitement about the history,migrations,and discoveries in my region of China.He spoke of the Silk Road,the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake,the Ancient Tea Horse Road and the early20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock.He also talked of Xuanzang.Paul considered many of themheroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journeys.I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan.On September 28,2021,we set out.Our dayswere simple:walk,eat,sleep,and repeat.We woke up at sunrise,set off in high spirits,and rested at sunset,dragging ourselves into exhausted sleep.We met many people on the road.Some were curious,surrounding us and watching us;some gave usdirections;some invited us into their home to take a rest;some spoke of the charm of their hometown.We metmany beautiful souls,simple souls and warm souls.We were walking with our minds.Together,we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains.As I walked on ancientpaths through the mountains,I seemed to hear the voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul,I came to a realization.Walking for itsown sake is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet.A deeper reward is rediscovering theworld around us,shortening the distance between each other,and sharing each others cultures.l.How did the writer first respond to Pauls travel plan?A.Scared.B.Puzzled.C.Disappointed.D.Surprised.2.What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2?A.He was a western journalist.B.He had a knowledge of China.C.He came to China several times.第1页 共109页D.He was Joseph Rocks acquaintance.3.What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about the writer and Paul?A.They honored the ancestors.B.They set off in high spirits.C.They satisfied the locals*curiosity.D.They built bonds with people.4.What is the main purpose of the writers writing the text?A.To share and reflect on a journey.B.To suggest a new way of travel.C.To advocate protection of biodiversity.D.To introduce and promote Chinese culture.答案 语篇解读 语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:作者和用双脚环游地球的保罗 萨洛佩科在路上的见闻和感悟。1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“I was blown away.I couldnt imagine that there could be such an unusualperson in the world.”可推知，作者最初对保罗的旅行计划感到吃惊。2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“about the history,migrations,and discoveries.the travels of the17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake,the Ancient Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-century Americanbotanist Joseph Rock.talked of Xuanzang”可知，保罗 萨洛佩科对中国有一定的了解。3.D 主旨要义题。根据第四段中“Some were curious,surrounding us and watching us;some gave usdirections;some invited us into their home to take a rest;some spoke of the charm of their hometown.“可知，第四段主要说明了作者和保罗与人们建立了联系。4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述可推知，文章的目的是分享和思考一段旅程。Passage 2Nature has developed the emotional state we call anger to help us stay alive.Anger energizes us toprepare us for action.It can be used either in productive ways or just the opposite.When we feel energized byanger,we might ask ourselves how we put this energy to the most productive use.Perhaps the most helpful thing to remember about anger is that it is a secondary emotion.A primaryfeeling is what is felt immediately before we feel angry.We might first feel afraid,attacked,offended,trapped,第2页 共109页or disrespected.If any of these feelings are intense enough,we think of the emotion as anger.Generallyspeaking,secondary feelings do not identify the unmet emotional need.When all I can say is I feel angry”,neither I nor anyone else knows what would help me feel better.A helpful technique,then,is to alwaysidentify the primary emotion.Assume someone wants us to do something we prefer not to do.At first,we feel a little pressured,but notenough to get angry.When they keep pushing us,we begin to get irritated.If they continue,we get angry.Such anger damages relationships.If we feel angry,it is evident that we feel strongly about something.Instead of saying I cant believehow irresponsible she is.What a cold-hearted,evil witch she is.”,a more productive response is:Am I reallyupset by this?Why does it bother me so much?What specifically am I feeling?From the answers,we candecide to pick the best one to calm the anger.As soon as we upshift“and begin to think about our optionsand their consequences,we start to feel more in control and less threatened.We get out of the automaticstimulus-response mode and realize that we have choices.There is a quote from Viktor E.Frankl that goes like this:Between stimulus and response there is aspace.In that space.lies our growth and our freedom.”1.Whafs the authors attitude towards anger?A.Favorable.B.Neutral.C.Doubtful.D.Negative.2.What can we know about anger?A.It reflects one*s intense feeling.B.It refers to a minor emotion.C.It can identify emotional need.D.It surely causes a violent reaction.3.What does Paragraph 4 mainly deal with?A.What questions we ask about anger.B.How we respond to anger.C.How we develop growth and freedom.D.When we consider the consequence.4.What is the text mainly about?A.Ways to know about anger.第3页 共109页B.Reasons to arouse anger.C.Managing anger in a good way.D.Calming anger at the right time.答案 语篇解读 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自我。主旨:什么是愤怒以及如何对待它。1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It can be used either in productive ways or just the opposite.“可知，作者认为愤怒既可能产生积极影响，也可能会有不好的作用。由此推断出,作者对愤怒的态度是客观中立的。2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的If any of these feelings are intense enough,we think of the emotion asanger.”可知，愤怒反映了一个人非常强烈的情绪。3.B 主旨要义题。根据第四段中的“Instead of saying.a more productive response is.”可知第四段主要介绍了在我们愤怒时,应该怎样做。4.C主旨要义题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了愤怒是一种非常强烈的情绪，有好的一面也有不好的一面，以及我们应该明智地处理我们的愤怒。Passage 3Endangered polar bears are breeding（繁殖）with grizzly bears（灰熊）,creating“pizzly“bears,which isbeing driven by climate change,scientists say.As the world warms and Arctic sea ice thins,starving polar bears are being forced ever further south,where they meet grizzlies,whose ranges are expanding northwards.And with that growing contact betweenthe two come increasing hybrids（杂交种）.With characteristics that could give the hybrids an advantage in warming northern habitats,somescientists guess that they could be here to stay.Usually,hybrids arent better suited to their environmentsthan their parents,but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources/Larisa DeSantis,an associate professor of biological sciences at Vanderbilt University,told Live Science.The rise of“pizzly“bears appears with polar bears*decline:Their numbers are estimated to decrease bymore than 30%in the next 30 years.This sudden fall is linked partly to“pizzly“bears taking up polar bears1ranges,where they outcompete them,but also to polar bears highly specialized diets.“Polar bears mainly consumed soft foods even during the Medieval Warm Period,a previous period ofrapid warming,9 DeSantis said,referring to fat meals such as seals.Although all of these starving polar bearsare trying to find alternative food sources,like seabird eggs,it could bea tipping point for their survival.”第4页 共109页Actually,the calories they gain from these sources do not balance out those they burn from searching fbr them.This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over,leading to a loss in biodiversity ifpolar bears are replaced.Were having massive impacts with climate change on species,“DeSantis said.The polar bear is tellingus how bad things are.In some sense,pizzly bears could be a sad but necessary compromise given currentwarming trends.l.Why do polar bears move further south?A.To create hybrids.B.To expand territory.C.To relieve hunger.D.To contact grizzlies.2.What makes“pizzly“bears adapt to natural surroundings better than their parents?A.Broader habitats.B.More food options.C.Climate preference.D.Improved breeding ability.3.What does the underlined phrase“a tipping point“in paragraph 5 refer to?A.A rare chance.B.A critical stage.C.A positive factor.D.A constant change.4.What*s the main idea of the text?A.Polar bears are changing diets for climate change.B.Polar bears have already adjusted to climate change.C.”Pizzly”bears are on the rise because of global warming.D.Pizzly“bears have replaced polar bears fbr global warming.答案 语篇解读 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖,创造出“灰北极熊1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As the world warms and Arctic sea icc thins,starving polar bears arebeing forced ever further south,where they meet grizzlies,whose ranges are expanding northwards,“可知北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“but these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food sources可知更多的食物选择让“灰北极熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。3.B 推测词义题。根据画线词后文“Actually,the calories they gain from these sources do not balance outthose they burn from searching for them.This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and第5页 共109页take over,leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears are replaced.可知，无法找至U 足够的食物来源，北极熊很可能被“灰北极熊”取代，它们正处于生存的关键点。由此推断“a tipping point”相当于a criticalstage（一个关键阶段）。4.C 主旨要义题。通读全文,尤其是第一段和第五段可知由于全球变暖，“灰北极熊”的数量正在上升。Passage 4Officer Jonathan Smith,30,was called to Bond Lake near Lewiston,New York,after receiving reports ofa little dog that had fallen into the lake about 50 yards from the shore.In this heart-in-mouth footage（镜头）captured by a fellow officers bodycam（随身摄像头），the brave police officer threw off some equipmentbefore dashing out onto the ice without any caution for his own safety.The owner had been walking the 10-month-old dog around the lake on January 5 when Kona spotted adistant flock of geese landing on the water and ran towards them.Horrified,Konas owner watched as the dogfell into the freezing water at the edge of the ice.In an email to Lewiston Police Department the owner wrote:Although she is a strong swimmer,therewas zero chance of her getting back out onto the ice and she began to panic and tire quickly.The witness nearby called 911 right away,and 15 minutes later Officer Smith and two other officersfrom the Police Department arrived.Without hesitation or rescue equipment the officer removed his uniformand gun belt and ran over the ice towards the exhausted dog.When he got close enough to her,Officer Smithgrabbed the dog and pulled her from the water so she was able to run back over the ice to her owner.“Kona and I and everybody that loves her are extremely grateful fbr his selflessness and courage,theowner wrote.ucHis professionalism and bravery should be applauded.I have witnessed countless acts ofselfless heroism.Officer Smiths actions rank high in my book.The owner was an author,who has writtenmany books.Lewiston Police Department posted the bodycam footage from the rescue on their Facebook page,alongwith the message from Konas owner.l.Why did the dog Kona run to the lake?A.The owner asked Kona to do it.B.Kona wanted to play on the ice.C.A gunshot frightened Kona into doing it.D.A flock of geese excited Konas curiosity.第6页 共109页2.What is Konas owner?A.A rescuer.B.A policeman.C.A writer.D.A photographer.3.Which of the following can best describe Officer Smith?A.Strong and skilled.B.Brave and selfless.C.Successful and hopeful.D.Outgoing and generous.4.Whats the best title of the text?A.A Policeman Rescued a Dog Struggling in a Frozen LakeB.Lewiston Police Department Received an Unusual EmailC.A Story Between a Dog and GeeseD.The Act of Selfish Heroism答案 语篇解读 语篇类型:记叙文。主题语境:人与社会。主旨:一名警察不顾自身安危勇敢地救出了一只在冰冷的湖中挣扎的小狗。1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“when Kona spotted a distant flock of geese landing on the water and rantowards them”可知,Kona之所以跑向湖，是因为那群鹅引起了它的好奇心。2.C 细节理解题。根据第五段中“The owner was an author,who has written many books.”可知,Kona 的主人是一名作家。3.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中“His professionalism and bravery should be applauded.I have witnessedcountless acts of selfless heroism.Officer Smiths actions rank high in my book.”可推断出，这名警察是勇敢的、无私的。4.A 主旨要义题。本文主要讲述了一名警察不顾自身安危勇敢地救出了一只在冰冷的湖中挣扎的小狗的故事。Passage 5Norway just hit a record in its move to gradually stop using cars that rely on fossil fuels.More than 9 in 10 new cars sold there in September were either electric or rechargeable hybrids,according to the Norwegian Information Council for Road Traffic,or OFV.Of all new passenger cars sold so第7页 共109页far in 2021,less than 5%are gas-powered.A slightly smaller percentage use diesel（柴油）.The sales numberspush Norway closer to meeting its national goal of transitioning to an entirely zero-emission（零排放的）fleetof new cars by 2025an initiative the government backs with tax incentives（激励）.Several factors are driving record numbers of Norwegian drivers to choose electricity over gas or dieselpower,including new technology that has eased customers*anxiety about electric vehicles*range.But moneyis a main concern.Norway has long encouraged people to adopt electric vehicles-and it does so by using a carrot so largethat ifs essentially also a stick.Electric cars are exempt（免除）from the 25%value-added tax（VAT）,for instance.They Ye also exemptfrom environmental pollution taxes that buyers of gas and diesel vehicles must pay.The purchase tax fbr allnew cars is calculated by a combination of weight,CO2 and NOx emissions,9,the Norwegian Electric VehicleAssociation says.“The tax is progressive,making big cars with high emissions very expensive.,Othersweeteners include a lot of auto-related fees that are reduced or totally canceled,from ferry rides to parking.And companies can get a tax break for each electric vehicle.Overall,Norway is seeing a rapid increase in passenger cars this year-more than 35%higher than in2020.With electric car sales booming,the future of the VAT exemption has been the top subject for politicaldebate this year,as lawmakers look at how to bolster tax income while also supporting the move away fromfossil fuels.1 .What is the main reason for electric vehicles1 leading sales growth?A.The VAT exemption.B.No more auto-related fees.C.Fossil fuel shortage.D.The development of technology.2.How does the author illustrate the carrot and stick approach in the 5th paragraph?A.By analyzing cause and effect.B.By giving statistics.C.By referring to previous findings.D.By making a comparison.3.What does the underlined word“bolster“in the last paragraph mean?A.Calculate.B.Reduce.C.Receive.D.Increase.第8页 共109页4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.Tax-free Policy Works Well with Car Industry in NorwayB.No More Gas-powered Cars Allowed to Be Sold in NorwayC.9 in 10 Cars Sold in Norway Are Electric or Rechargeable HybridsD.Almost All Cars Will Go Electric in Norway Right Away答案 语篇解读 语篇类型:说明文。主题语境:人与自然。主旨:挪威政府通过减税等措施鼓励新能源汽车销售。1.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But money is a main concern.”和第五段第一句中“Electric cars areexempt（免除）from the 25%value-added tax（VAT）”（电动汽车免征25%的增值税）可知，增值税的减免是电动汽车销售额增长的主要原因。2.D 推理判断题。第五段指出排