牛津译林版英语中考复习之状语从句以及句子成分讲义.docx

中考复习之状语从句以及句子成分 状语从句语法要点在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句(也称副词性从句),它相当子副词或副词短语,修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等。状语从句一般可以分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句等。一、时间状语从句在句子中起时间状语作用的从句被称之为时间状语从句。时间状语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾。用于引导时间状语从句的连词主要有when,while,as,assoon as,before, after,since,once,till,until,whenever等。I studied English when (while,as) I was young.我小时候就开始学英语。I have learned many things since I left my hometown.离开家乡后,我学到了很多东西。He wants to become famous after he publishes his works.他希望他的作品出版后能成名。He didn't come into the room until I came back.直到我回来,他才进屋。二、地点状语从句在句子中起地点状语作用的从句被称之为地点状语从句。地点状语从句可以放在句首和句尾。用于引导地点状语从句的连接词有where,wherever等。Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者事竟成。I will follow you wherever (anywhere,no matter where) you go.你到哪儿，我就跟到哪儿。Wherever you go, you must remember that you are a Chinese.无论你到哪里,你都得记住你是一个中国人。三、条件状语从句在句子中起条件状语作用的从句被称之为条件状语从句。条件状语从句可以放在句首和句尾。引导条件状语从句的连接词主要有if,unless等。If you can help me out of trouble this time,I will promise you everything.这次你要是能帮我摆脱麻烦,我就答应你所有的事情。If it rains tomorrow,we will not go to school.如果明天下雨,我们就不去上学。Unless you give up that bad habit,I will not marry you.除非你改掉坏习惯,否则我不会跟你结婚。四、比较状语从句带有比较结构的从句在句子中作状语被称之为比较状语从句。用来引导比较状语从句的连接词主要有than,as.as,the same as,such.as,not so(as. as),not the same.as等。I run much faster than you (run).我跑得比你快得多。Your computer is not the same as mine.你的计算机和我的不一样。No other men work as hard as his father(does).没有人像他父亲一样努力工作。五、原因状语从句在句子中起原因状语作用的从句被称之为原因状语从句,原因状语从句放在句首和句尾。用来引导原因状语从句的连接词主要有because,since,as（因为),for(因为)等。She failed in the exam because she did not study hard.因为她不努力学习.所以考试不及格。There must be no one in the room for the door is locked.屋里肯定没人,因为门锁着。Since it is so easy, you can do it quickly.因为这很简单,你能做得很快。As il is so easy,you can do it quickly.这很简单,你能做得很快。I love her not because she is rich and beautiful,but because she is kind-hearted.我爱她并不是因为她富有、漂亮,而是因为她心地善良。六、结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是因,从句是结果。用来引导绍果状语从句的连接词主要有:(s0) that,so.(that)(如此·····以至于),such./that)(如此······以至于)等。She worked very hard, so that she became rich in a very short time.(她努力工作,很快就变富了。He ran so fast that we couldn't keep up with him.他跑得这么快,我们都跟不上他。They are such good children that we all love them.这些孩子真好,我们都很喜欢他们.七、目的状语从句在句子中起目的状语作用的从句被称之为日的状语从句。用来引导日的状语从何的连核间主要有:(60) that(为了,以便),in order that,in case(以防,以免)He studies hard in order that he may find a good job after his graduation.他努力学习为了毕业后能找到一份好工作。I shouted that they could hear me.我大喊是为了让他们能听到我。Youd better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.你最好多带点衣服以防天气变冷。so that 引导的状语从句既可以表示结果,也可表示目的,要注意俩者的区别。She left early so that she got there on time.她离开得很早,结果按时到达了那里。(表示结果)She left early so that she could get there on time.她离开得很早,以便能按时到达那里。(表示目的)八、让步状语从句在句子中起让步状语作用的从句被称之为让步状语从句。让步状语从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后。用来引导让步状语从句的连接词主要有though(虽然),although(虽然),even if (though)(即使)等。Although he was only ten years old,he helped his mother do a lot of housework.尽管他只有10岁,但能帮助妈妈干很多家务活。Ill go running even if it's raining.即使正下着雨,我也要去跑步。He still went to school yesterday even if (though) he had got a fever.尽管昨天他发高烧,但他仍然去上学。习题1.Could you tell me_?A.when you will call meB.when will you call meC.when you would call meD.when would you call me2.We will have a party next week.If it_,we'll have to cancel it.A.will rainB.would rainC.rainsD.rained3.My parents will be angry with me if I_to school late again.A.comeB.will comeC.are comingD.came4.Mary said she wanted to be a lawyer when she_.A.grow upB. will grow upC.would grow upD.grew up5.Do you know if she_. If she_,please call me.A.will come;comesB.will come;will comeC.comes;comesD.comes;will come6.-I wonder if your sister will go to the party.-If your sister_,so _.A.does;does sheB.does;will mineC.will;will mineD.will;will I 7.I haven't heard from Peter_he went to America.A.sinceB.whenC.afterD.as8.I won't be here_I am asked.A. afterB.beforeC.unlessD.because9.He will not join us_he has many things to do.A.ifB.untilC.whenD.because10.We found the money two years_he had gone away.A.afterB.sinceC.tillD.for11.We had no sooner got to the airport_the plane left.A.thanB.soC.beforeD.unless12.He spoke slowly_all of us could understand him.A.such thatB.so thatC.in order toD.as for13.She danced_she went along.A.afterB.forC.tillD.as14.She did not begin to work_he left.A.asB.afterC.tillD.when15.They must be at home_the light's on.A.becauseB.since thenC.afterD.even if16.Please take an umbrella_it rains.A. because ofB.in caseC.since thenD. not until17.He shut the window with_force that the glass broke.B. suchC.thatD.evenA.so18.I came_you called.A.quicklyB.immediatelyC.suddenlyD. rapidly19._I arrived at the station,she had already left.A. By the timeB.Till the momentC.Long beforeD.Until later20._you come,don't forget to give back the book.A.Every timeB.Each timeC.Last timeD.Next time句子的主要成分语法要点英语句子主要由主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语,定语和状语等组成。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分,表语,宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分,如定语和状语,是句子的次要部分。一、概述英语句子中有两个最基本,也是最重要的成分-主语和谓语/表语,主语表明这个句子讲的是谁或者是什么;谓语/表语说明主语在干什么或者处于什么状态,宾语表示行为或结果,一般用在及物动词的后面,定语用来修饰或限制名词变代词,更具体地说明所修饰的词到底是谁或有什么特征,状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。The woman knows the tall man very well.主语 谓语 定语 宾语 状语二、主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或”是谁”。一股由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的过去分词、名词化的形容词、主语从句等构成。1.名词The weather remains very hot these days.近日天气持续高温。Television is the main source of entertainment.电视是主要的娱乐工具。2.代词He can swim like a fish.他能像鱼一样游。This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。3.数词Three will be more than enough.三个就足够了。4.动名词Smoking does you as well as your families a lot of harm.吸姻对你及你的家人有害。Running can make you healthier.跑步可以使你更健康。5.不定式To do such a job needs a lot of courage.做这样的工作需要很大的勇气。To live in an isolated island means a complete separation from the world.住在孤岛上意味着与世人隔绝。6.名词化的其他词类"ABC" is often used to show something is as easy or simple as “ABC"."ABC"经常被用来表示什么事情像字母“ABC”一样容易、简单。The rich in that country never help the poor.那个国家的富人从来不帮人。7.从句(称之为主语从句)Why he did such a silly thing is the question nobody can answer.他为什么做件傻事这个问题没有人能回答。That they had no desire for getting a better job is clear.=It is clear that they had no desire for getting a better job.他们没有心思去争取更好的工作这一点是很清楚的。(第二个句子为it作形式主语,真正的主语是反句。)三、谓语谓语说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数必须保持一致。谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语之分。1.简单谓语凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语,无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下,都被称之为简单谓语。He walks in the snow.他走在雪地里。Peter is watching TV.彼得在看电视。The children were given two boxes of chocolate.孩子们得到两盒巧克力。2.复合谓语由情态动词加动词原形构成合成谓语。You should ask him to buy the cake for you.你应该让他给你买蛋糕。She needn't come to see her sister everyday.她不必天天来看她的妹妹。下列动词加动词原形也可以构成复合谓语:have (got) to,be to,be likelyto,see to,get to,turn out to, be able to, happen to,used to等。You have to hand in your paper before Tuesday.你必须在周二前交论文。How did he get to know that there is a barbecue tonight?他是怎么知道今天晚上有烧烤的?系动词加表语构成复合谓语,表示主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。这些系动词主要包括be以&feel,look,sound, taste,smell,seem,appear,become,grow,get, turn,fall,g0,come,run等。This dish tastes very delicious.这菜味道很好。The leaves turn yellow when autumn comes.秋天到了,叶子变黄了。四、表语表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词,分间、介词短语、从句等担任。它的位置在系动词后面。1.名词He is an American.他是个美国人。She still was a hero in people's mind after her death.她死后在人民心中仍然是个英雄。2.代词That's something we have to keep in mind.这是我们必须记在心中的事情。You are eighty? You don't look it.你80岁了?看上去不像。3.数词He is always the first to enter the classroom.他总是第一个进教室。Ill be nineteen in April.到4月份我就19岁了。4.形容词The little boy is very clever.小男孩很聪明。He is very excited.他很激动。5.现在分词和动名词Time is pressing.We must hurry up.时间很紧,我们必须抓紧时间。His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。6.不定式All we can do to help him is to give him some money.我们所能为他做的是给他点钱。To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。7.副词The light is off.灯关了。The film is over.电影结束了。8.介词短语Be at ease!安下心来!They are at home.他们在家。9.从句(称之为表语从句)The fact is that we didn't know him at all.事实是,我们根本不认识他。The question is why we hadn't left a little bit earlier.问题是我们为什么没有早一点离开。五、宾语宾语一般是动作的承受者,通常置于及物动词之后。可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句等。1.名词Tom is reading books.汤姆在看书。Mary did her exercise last night.玛丽昨晚在写作业。2.代词Tell me,please.请告诉我。I will call you any time when I hear from him.我收到他的信后随时给你打电话。3.数词There are three apples.I want two.有三个苹果,我要两个。4.动名词He kept complaining about the bad food.他不停地抱怨食物不好。Do you mind closing the door for me?帮我把门关上,好吗?5.不定式I wanted to learn a new foreign language.我想新学一门外语。He decided to give up the chance.他决定放弃这个机会。6.从句(称之为宾语从句)She said that she would never ask anybody to help her.她说她水远不会让别人帮助她。Do you know when we will have the English exam?你知道我们什么时候英语考试吗?Can you tell me where I can get the English-English dictionary?你能告诉我理里能买到英一英词典吗?7.直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果;间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的或者为准做的。She gave me twenty dollars.她给我20美元。(twenty dollars是直接宾语,me是间接宾语)I will tell you a very interesting story.我将给你讲一个非常有趣的故事。(a very interesting story 是直接宾语,you是间接宾语)六、定语定语是用来说明名词的品质与特征。可以作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。定语可分为前置定语和后置定语。1.形容词She is a beautiful girl.她是个漂亮女孩。Tom told us an interesting story.汤姆给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。2.代词No difficulty can stop our advance.任何困难也阻挡不了我们前进。It is my book.这是我的书。3.数词One hundred people attended the party.100人参加了晚会.China belongs to the third world.中国属于第三世界国家。4.名词或名词所有格Please tell me the telephone number.请告诉我电话号码。There are many pieces of good news in today's newspaper.今天的报上有很多好消息。5.现在分词和过去分词Do you know the name of the professor coming to visit us?你知道来这访问的教授的名字吗?(现在分词短语作定语)We have a lot of equipment imported from Japan.我们有很多从日本进口的设备。(过去分词短语作定语)6.不定式There are many things to be discussed today.今天有很多事情要讨论。He is not this kind of man to do like that.他不0这帮的的人7.介词短语His experiences in the Sahara desert enable him to stand any hot weather. 他的撒哈护沙漠的经历使他能忍受任何高温天气。The wealth of the nation has been greatly increased these years. 国家的财富几年有了很大的增长。8.副词We would know immediately if there was anything up.如果有什么事情发生的话，我们马就上会知道。9.从句(称之为定语从句)The man who killed the child was arrested yesterday.杀害孩子的那个人昨天被逮捕了。That is the reason why we were all late.这就是我们全都迟到的原因。七、状语状语是用来修饰动词、形容词或副词以及全句。作状语的有副词、名词,不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。1.副词He drives slowly.他开车很慢。I asked him to leave immediately.我让他马上离开。2.名词Wait a minute.等一会儿。Who's on duty today?今天谁值日?3.介词短语He asked this question out of curiosity.他问这个问题是出于好奇。Jim left without saying good-bye.吉姆没打招呼就走了。4.形容词We ran to the cinema,eager to see the film.我们跑到电影院,急于看这部电影。He spent seven days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry.他又冷又饿地在风雪中度过了七天。5.不定式They will be very glad to see you again.再次见到你他们会非常高兴。To pass the exam,I work hard.为了考及格,我努力学习。6.现在分词和过去分词Compared to French,English is easier.同法语比较起来,英语更简单一些。(过去分词)The woman left her house,holding an umbrella in her hand.这位妇女手里带着雨伞离开了她的房子。(现在分词)7.从句(称之为状语从句。)Johnson was angry because his classmates always laughed at him.因为约翰逊的同学总是取笑他,他生气了。When you arrive at the airport,please call me.到了机场,请打电话给我。8.状语的分类时同状语We will have learned 3,670 words by the end of this year.After liberation,more and more children got the chance to go to school.地点状语I met her in Beijing last month.上个月我在北京遇到她。The post office is located just opposite the bank.邮局刚好在银行对面。目的状语I will send you some money to buy the car you want.我会寄钱给你买你想要的车。I got up early to catch the first bus.我起早赶第一班车。原因状语We lost a lot of chances because of his mistake.由于他的错误,我们失去了很多机会。That man died of cancer.那人死于癌症。结果状语She was so tired that she couldn't say a word.她如此疲劳以至于说不出话来。He didn't get up early,so he missed the first bus.他没能早起,结果误了头班车条件状语We will go swimming if the weather is fine.如果天气好,我们就去游泳。I can do it for you on the condition that you pay me 500 dollars.我可以为你做,条件是你付我500美元。学科网（北京）股份有限公司