中考英语词性复习讲义（二）.docx

数词num.一、基数词（描述数量的多少）（一）写法1.12345678910onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineten2. 11-19：除eleven、twelve、thirteen、fifteen、eighteen外，后加teen3. 20-99:整十：除twenty、thirty、forty、fifty、eighty外，后加ty几十几：十位和各位之间加“-”例：21：twenty-one4.百位数：个数基数词+hundred表示“几百”，几十几和百位之间加and例：367：three hundred and sixty-seven5.千位及以上： 从右往左，每隔3位加“，”第一个“，”前加thousand（千）第二个“，”前加million（百万）第三个“，”前加billion（十亿）例：250064250,064two hundred and fifty thousand and sixty-fourAttention1.“百”“千”等在具体数字后不加“s”，但有“hundreds of”、“thousands of”等词组2.表示人的不确切年龄，用几十的复数形式例：in ones thirties（在某人三十几岁时）3.表示年代用几十的复数形式例：in the 1960s（在20世纪60年代）二、序数词（一）写法1.1-9： first second third fourth sixth seventh eighth ninth.2.10-19: tenth eleventh twelfth（基数词+th）3.几十ty变tie加th 例：50 fiftieth4.几十几，头不变尾变，中间加“-”例：55 fifty-fifth5.多位数，结尾变序数词例：111 a hundred and eleventh（二）用法1.前加定冠词，表第几例：He is the fifth in class.2.前加不定冠词，表示再一、又一例：I will go there a second time.3.表示年月日例：June 14th, 2008.4.前有形容词性物主代词/名词所有格时不加the例：This is her tenth birthday.一、 分数（一）构成1.分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于1时分母变复数例：16 one sixth2.二分之一常说成“a / one half”, 四分之一常说成“a / one quater”3.小数读法：小数前正常读，小数点后逐个读，小数点读point例：3.14 three point one four4.百分数读法：百分号前正常读，百分号读percent例：50% - fifty percent形容词或副词adj. & adv.一、基本用法（一）形容词1.常做的句子成分定语，放名词之前例：This is a beautiful garden.表语，放系动词之后例：She is very clever.补语例：He made us happy.2.用法修饰不定代词时置后例：I want to do something meaningful.enough修饰形容词和副词时置后例：He is old enough to live alone.以ing结尾理解为本身是（客观）；以ed结尾理解为感到（主观）例：interesting（有趣的）interested（感兴趣的）（二）副词1.修饰动词时置后例：He studied hard.2.修饰形容词或副词时前置例：He jumps very high.3.频率副词修饰动词，放在系动词、助动词之后，实义动词前（be后动前）例：The boy is often exercise.He usually comes to school on foot.二、三级变化（一）规则变化1.词尾加er/est2.以不发音的e结尾，加r/st例：tall-taller-tallest例：close-closer-closest3.以辅音+y结尾，把y改i加er/est例：easy-easier-easiest4.以重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母加er/est例：hot-hotter-hottest5.一些双音节词和所有多音节词在原级前加more / most例：important - more important - most important重读闭音节1.辅音+元音+辅音2.重读3.元音字母为短元音音节怎么数1.有几个元音就有几个音节2.两个元音连在一起只发一个元音，算一个音节3.词尾e不发音不算音节4.词尾的le可以和前一个辅音构成一个音节（二）不规则变化原级比较级最高级good、wellbetterbestbad、ill、badlyworseworstmany、muchmoremostlittlelessleast三、原级句型1.as + adj. / adv. + as译：与一样例：You can run as fast as Tom.2.not as + adj. / adv. + as译：与不一样例：She is not as tall as him.（不一样高）3.not so + adj. / adv. + as译：不如例：She is not so tall as him.（不如他高）四、比较级句型1.A + adj. / adv. + than + B译：A比B更例：The tree is taller than that one.2.adj. / adv. + and + adj. / adv.译：越来越例：It becomes more and more warmer.3.the + adj. / adv. , the + adj. / adv.译：越，越例：The sooner, the better.4.the + adj. / adv. + of the two译：两者中更的一个例：The taller of the twins.5. adj. / adv. than any other + n.单数译：比其他任何一个都更例：He is younger than any other student.五、最高级句型1.the + adj. / adv. + n.单数 + in / of +短语译：之中最例：Shanghai is the biggest city of China.2.one of the + adj. / adv. + n.复数 + in / of + 短语译：最之一例：Yao Ming is one of the tallest athletes in China.3.Which is the + adj. / adv. , A, B, or C?译：哪个是ABC（三者及以上）中最的？例：Who is the youngest, Tom, Tina or Sally?动词v.一、情态动词（一）can / could / be able to1.表能力can：表现在的能力例：I can run fast.could：表过去的能力例：I could walk when I was 9 months old.be able to：表将来/通过努力获得的能力例：I will be able to pass the exam if I study harder.2.表委婉请求can例：Can I play football after class?could例：Could you do sth.? Could you please (not) do sth.?此时的could不是can的过去式3.表推测can：疑问、否定句，表惊讶例：Can this be done by him?could：肯定、疑问、否定句例：He could be on his way home now.（二）may / might1.表“可以”，说话人许可或请求得到许可例：You may take it home.May I take it home?2.表推测may：肯定、否定句、疑问句例：Who may she be?might：肯定、否定、疑问句例：He might know the answer.Tips：might may可能性小 可能性大3.问答例：May I use your phone?-Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt.（三）must / have to / need1.表示义务、责任must：“必须”，否定意义为“禁止”，侧重主观看法例：We must study hard.You mustnt lies.have to：“不得不”，否定意义为“不需要、不必”，强调客观情况例：I have to get up early.I dont have to get up early.need：用在疑问、否定句中2.问答must例：Must I finish my homework today?-Yes, you must. / No, you neednt (dont have to).need例：Need I finish my homework now?-Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.注意以上两个问句中肯定答句与否定答句所用的单词3.must表推测用于肯定句，意义是“一定”，否定为cant，意义是“不可能”例：He must at home now.He cant at school.（四）should / ought to / shall1.should, ought to 表建议例：You should / ought to do it yourself.should have done / ought to have done译：“本应该”（却没有）例：You should have been here yesterday.译：你昨天本应该到这。（却没有到这）shouldnt have done / ought not to have done译：“本不应该”（却做了）例：You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading room.译：你本不应该把书带出阅览室。（却带出来了）Tips：be used to doing习惯于做某事例：Im used to getting up early.be used to do sth.被用来做某事例：The knife is used to cut fruit.2.shall征求意见，主语一般第一人称例：Shall we go?Shall I make you some coffee?（五）used to / dare1.dare：“敢”，疑问句、否定句例：I dare not do it.2.used to：“过去常常做”例：I used to smoke.否定为：didnt use to / used not to疑问句：diduse to / Usedto8学科网（北京）股份有限公司