初中英语句型语法精讲之定语从句相关考点分析.docx

初中英语句型语法精讲之定语从句相关考点分析宜用that 而不宜用which引导定语从句的情况1) 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing, something, few, all, none, little, some 等不定代词时。* Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最后，那个贼把他偷的所有东西都交给你警察。* This is all that I want to say at the meeting. 这就是我在会上要说的。* I have nothing that is worth reading. 我没有什么值得一读的东西。* Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么我可以帮你的吗？* Every car that has a high price is worth what it costs. 每辆高价的车都有它的价值。2) 当先行词被序数词修饰的时候。* You are the first person that I want to ask for. 你是我要见的第一个人。* This is the second book that I have ever written. 这是我写的第二本书。3）当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。* This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen. 这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。* The dinner was the most expensive meal (that) we had ever had. 那是我们吃过的最贵的晚餐。4）当先行词被the very, the only, the same, the last 修饰时。* This is the only painting in this style that we have. 这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。* This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。* You are the last person that I want to see. 你是我最不想见到的人。* This is the same pen that I lost last week.这就是我上周丢失的那支钢笔。5) 当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时。* Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？* Which is the book that you bought yesterday? 那本是你昨天买的书？6）当先行词既有人，又有动物或者物体时。* He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him. 他兴高采烈地谈起让他感兴趣的作家以及作家的书。* The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them .我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。双重定语从句有时出于表达的需要，会出现两个定语从句重叠的情况，这种情况即为双重定语从句。在双重定语从句中，第一个定语从句修饰的对象是其前边的先行词，而第二个定语从句修饰的对象则包括第一个定语从句和它的先行词。Can you mention anyone that we know who is as talent as he? 你能指出一个我们认识且和他一样有才能的人吗？ (这条句子中，that we know 为定语从句修饰 anyone，而另一条定语从句 who is as talent as he 则修饰 “anyone that we know”)双重定语从句的情况下，第一个定语从句的关系代词常可省列，使句子阅读起来比较轻便。但第二个定语从句的关系代词则不能被省略。He is the only friend I know who can play guitar well. 他是我认识的朋友中唯一个能弹一手好吉他的人。Is there anything you want that you have not? 还有什么你需要的东西你没有拿到的吗？在书写时，当第二个定语从句与主句的关系不紧密时，我们还可以使用非限制性定语从句的方式来表达双重修饰。The boss at last got a chance to visit the village where he used to work，which he had been dreaming of for 20 years. 老板最后有机会回到他以前工作过的村庄，他已经期盼了20年。较少见的定语从句以下几类定语从句比较少用。1）由 whereby, wherein, whereupon 引导的定语从句* They have set a plan, whereby you can spread your costs. 他们定出了一个方案，照此你可以分期付款。* He gazed once more around the room, wherein was assembled his entire family. 他再环视了一遍这个房间，这里曾住了他们全部家人。* I told her that she looked fat, whereupon she threw the saucepan at me and burst into tears. 我跟她说她看来很胖，为此她把平底锅砸向我，突然哭起来。2）as 和such 相互搭配引导的定语从句。* He's not such a fool as he looks. 他没有他看起来那么傻。* I never heard such stories as he tells.我从未听过他讲的这类故事。定语从句用that不用who的情况当先行为人时，定语从句的关系代词一般情况下既可以用who/whom, 也可以用that，而且用who要比用that普遍。1) 在疑问句中，如果开头的疑问代词是who，为了避免重复，定语从句宜使用that引导而不用who, 如:Who is the hero that must thus be sacrificed? 谁是需要作出牺牲的英雄呢？Who is the scientist that first discovered radium? 首先发现镭的科学家是谁？2) 当先行词为疑问代词who, which时，如:We all realized who that remark was aimed at. 我们都知道那话是对谁而言的。Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? 我们中但凡知道点物理知识的人哪一个不懂这个？3) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语或宾语补足语时，定语从句也不用who引导，而用that, 或者省略关系代词。He is no longer the man that he was. 他已经不是过去的他了。(先行词在定语从句中作表语）He is not the fool (that) you thought him. 他不是你想像中的那个傻瓜。 (注：这条句子中 the fool 在定语从句中作宾语补足语，即 thought him the fool)4) 当先行词同时包含人和物时The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 撞倒老人的车和事主已被带到警局。定语从句用who不用that的情况以下是定语从句中用who不用that的情况:1) 当先行词为人称代词 he, she, they 或one(s), anyone, nobody 等时He who plays a trick must be prepared to take a joke. 玩花招的人必定会受到戏弄。The ones who refuse to reform should be punished as required by law. 拒绝改革的人应依法受到惩罚。It was she who first introduced me to the pleasures of wine-tasting. 是她第一个让我领略到品酒的乐趣。There is nobody who has no shortcomings. 没有缺点的人是没有的。2) 当先行为指示代词 those，或先行词是those所修饰的人时This website is dedicated to those who died in the war. 这个网站是献给那些在战争中死去的人。She is one of those women who always make the worst of their troubles. 她是那些老是把困难往最坏处想的女人之一。3) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时He is the third man who witnessed the murder. 他是这起谋杀案的第三个见证者。They were the first who were there. 他们是去那里的第一批人。4) 当先行词是 people 或是表示人的集体名词时An interactive product should show interest in the people who use it. 一款互动的产品应该展现出对用户的兴趣。The crew who were all asleep forgot to hoist a lantern. 已入睡的船员全部忘了挂起提灯。5) 当先行词与定语从句被其他句子成分隔开时。（更多这样的例子可见隔离定语从句一文)He is the only doctor in this hospital who I trust. 他是这家医院里我唯一信得过的医生。6）当关系代词在从句中作主语且与谓语动词被分隔开时He was a man who, if had been properly supported, would have worked wonders. 他是一个本该创造出奇迹的人，如果当时给予适应的支持的话。7) 当表示人的先行词由两个定语从句重叠修饰时(即双重定语从句)，第二个定语从句只能用who/whom引导，而不能用that。而且第二个定语从句的引导词不能被省略。The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton. 我所认识的唯一的在柜中藏骷嵝的人便是乔治. 卡尔顿。学科网（北京）股份有限公司