Unit+1+Science+Fiction+词汇学案 高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册.docx

中学英语学案 班级：_ 姓名 :_ 学号:_ 选择性必修四Unit 1 Science Fiction单词部分1. fiction n.小说;虚构的事science fiction科幻小说(或影片等) romantic fiction 爱情小说 historical fiction 历史小说non-fiction 纪实小说，非小说类文学作品fictional adj.虚构的，编造的，小说中的2. ridiculous adj. 愚蠢的；荒谬的； 荒唐的 adv. ridiculouslyIt is ridiculous that we have to wait six weeks to receive our goods. absurd adj. 荒谬的； 荒唐的 3. appointment n预约；约会；委任They made an appointment for the second day of May.He has taken up an appointment as Professor of Chemistry.I'd like to make an appointment to see the doctor.(1)have/make an appointment with sb.约见某人；与某人约会keep/break an appointment 守约/违约(2)appoint vt. 委派；任命；指定；约定；确定appoint sb.to be/as. 任命某人(某职)appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事appoint time/place for. 安排/确定时间/地点(3)appointed adj. 约定的；指定的4. guilty adj 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty. John had a guilty look on his face, leaving all the tasks to me.He was set free, for there wasnt enough evidence to prove him guilty.be/feel guilty at/about (对)感到内疚guilt n. 内疚,过失a sense of guilt 负罪感5.nail n.指甲，趾甲；钉子； vt.（用钉子）订牢；固定;抓住，逮住；得到A sign saying “No Fishing” had been nailed to the tree.The windows had been nailed up.It took ten years to nail the guy who killed the president.She finally nailed her dream job.Two days isnt enough to nail down the details of an agreement.(1)as hard/tough as nails 铁石心肠的，冷酷无情的(2)nail sth to sth 把钉在nail sth up/down 把订牢或封住nail sth down 最终确定；对作出定论6. suspend vt. 悬；挂; 暂停；暂缓Due to lack of funds, we have no alternative but to suspend the project.Sales of the drug will be suspended until more tests are completed.A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.(1)suspend A from B 悬挂A在B上； (尤指因违规)使暂停停学或停职 be suspended from the ceiling吊在天花板上be suspended from school/club被勒令停学/退出俱乐部suspended sentence 缓刑(2)suspense n.悬念;挂虑；挂心 in suspense悬而未决;处于焦灼等待状态 suspense novel/story/movie 悬疑小说/故事/电影(3)suspension n. 暂停；中止；暂时停学（停职）They kept us in suspense for over two hours.他们让我们提心吊胆了两个多小时。7. dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；拒绝考虑It was not easy to dismiss the matter from his mind.He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.The class was dismissed early today.dismiss sb. from sth将(某人)从开除；解雇dismiss sb for sth 因而解雇某人dismiss fear/doubts from one's mind 消除(某人)心里的恐惧/疑虑dismissal n. 解雇，开除8. declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布He declared that he would never steal again.Most people declared for peace and against war.(1)declare sb./sth.to be n./adj.宣布/宣称/某人/某事为declare that. 宣布/宣称/声明declare war on/upon. 向宣战declare against 声明反对declare for 声明赞成(2)declaration n. 宣布，宣告，声明9.rumor n.谣言；传闻A rumor spread that he had been killed.There are a lot of rumors going around that theyre going to sell the company.Rumor has it that they plan to get married.10.presume vt. & vi. 假设; 假定；料想；认为 同义词：assumeI presume well be there by six oclock.From the way he talked, I presumed him to be your boss.The temple is presumed to date from the first century BC.(1)presume that 认为；假定presume sb/sth to be sb/sth 认为是It is presumed that 据推测(2)presumption n. 假定；推测；料想；认为11. calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测Sally calculated that shed have about 100 yuan left.Rates are calculated on an hourly basis.(1)calculate that 算出；推算出It is calculated that 据估算(2)calculation n. 计算；算计；自私的打算；估计；推断12.superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 n.上级；上司；长官You're a very superior young woman.Team 1 was superior in number to Team 2.The new products are far superior to the old ones. (1)be superior in 在方面优越（be）superior to 胜过；比好；不为所动/屈服(2)inferior adj. (与其他人或物相比)差的，次的； n.下级；下属；部下13.fetch v.(去)拿来;(去)请来;(去)找来 Fetch me some coffee while youre up.Would you mind going to fetch the kids from school?fetch sb/sth from sth 从某地取某物fetch sb sth=fetch sth for sb 给某人取某物区分：bring，take，fetch.14. division n. 分开; 分隔; 差异; 除(法) divide vivt（把）分开；隔开；分配（时间，精力）；除；除以 Scientists traditionally divide the oceans into zones. If you divide 21by 3,you get 7.15. urge n强烈的欲望；冲动 (多与for或to do 搭配 )vt.催促；力劝；驱策 Urged on by the crowd, the Italian team scored two more goals.We all urged him to go ahead with his plan.Suddenly she had an overwhelming urge to be with her son.(1)urge sth./sb.on 催促某物/某人前进urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事urge that.(should) 动词原形 催促；极力主张It is urged that. 坚决要求；极力主张(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望/冲动(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；需迅速处理的(4)urgency n. 紧急；急迫16.explode vivt爆炸；爆破；急剧增长；（愤怒等感情）爆发，迸发；（暴力事件）爆发 Floridas population exploded after World War II. She exploded with grief and anger.The continued tension could explode into more violence.(1)explode with anger/rage 勃然大怒 explode into laughter 突然大笑起来explode the myth 打破错误观点(2)explosion n. 爆炸（声）；引爆；激增，急剧膨胀；（愤怒等感情）爆发an explosion of laughter 一阵大笑17.stun vt 使震惊；使昏迷 （stunned-stunned-stunning）The impact of the ball had stunned her.（1）stunned adj. (因惊讶、吃惊而)说不出话来（2）stunning adj. 极具吸引力的，极漂亮的；令人惊奇的，令人惊叹的a stunningly beautiful woman 一位美丽动人的女子短语部分1. test out 检验；测试Scientists test out theories by experiment.The Ferrari team wanted to test their new car out on the racetrack.test.on. 在.上做实验test sb./sth for sth 检验成分等；对人或物做检测2.on a basis根据；以的方式（基准） on a regular/daily/weekly basis 定期/每天/每周 on a voluntary /part-time basis 自愿/兼职地3. take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 take away 拿走；带走 take in 欺骗；收留；领会理解 take off 脱下；起飞；突然开始成功；休假 take on 开始雇佣；接受（工作）；承担（责任）；呈现（特征面貌） take up 对某事产生兴趣；开始从事（新工作）；开始担当（新责任）；开始处理（建议，问题）；占据（时间空间）；接受（建议 提议）4. conflict with与冲突或抵触He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with mine.The two reports of what had happened conflicted with each other.in conflict with 与冲突/与矛盾come into conflict with 与冲突/与矛盾5. turn out关掉；熄灭；出席，参加；结果是He said he was a doctor，but later he turned out to be a cheat.turn to 转向；求助于turn in 上交turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn down 关小；调低；拒绝turn up 出现；到场；出席；调大(声音、火等)6. fall away(逐渐)减少；消失，向下倾斜I saw that the ground fell away and down to a river，far below me.The view from the top was wonderful and our tiredness fell away.fall apart分裂；解体；崩溃fall back 后退；倒退fall behind 落后(于对手)fall down 跌倒；失败；倒塌5A flow of words is no proof of wisdom.口若悬河不能作为才智的证明。学科网（北京）股份有限公司