牛津译林版中考复习讲义之动名词不定式以及练习.docx

中考复习之动名词，不定式以及练习动名词知识点以及练习语法要点动名词是非谓语动词的一种,不仅具有动词的性质,还具有名词的性质,在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等。动名词有时态和语态的变化。一、动名词的作用1.作主语Smoking is not good for your health.吸烟对你身体不好。Fishing can give people a lot of fun.钓鱼为人们提供了很多乐趣。2.作宾语作某些谓语动词的宾语。常见的这些动词主要有:keep(保持),finish(结束),enjoy(喜欢),advise(劝告),suggest(建议),mind(介意),practise(练习),consider(考虑),imagine(想象),allow(准许),can't help(禁不住)等。I have finished doing my homework.我已经写完了作业。He did enjoy swimming.他的确喜欢游泳。作介词的宾语。Mary is good at dancing.玛丽擅长跳舞。I am looking forward to meeting you again soon.我盼望着早日再次见到你。3.作定语There is a swimming pool behind our school.我们学校后面有一个游泳池。I saw her in the reading room yesterday.我昨天在阅览室里看见了她。4.作表语His job is telling stories to children.他的工作是给孩子们讲故事。His favorite sport is playing football.他最喜爱的运动是踢足球。二、动名词的时态和语态1.时态如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,这时候需要使用动名词的完成时,其构成是 having+过去分词。I really regret having done such a silly thing.我真后悔干了这样的傻事。(傻事已经做过了,现在感到后悔。)He forgot having turned off the light.他忘记已经把灯关掉了。(关灯的动作发生在forget 之前。)2.语态当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词的接受者而不是发起者时,这时候需要使用动名词的被动形式。动名词被动形式的构成是being+过去分词。He could not bear being made fool of like this.他不能忍受别人这样戏弄他。Upon being questioned,he denied having written the article.在被盘问时,他不承认写过这篇文章。三、动名词的否定形式动名词的否定形式是在动名词前(完成形式在having前,被动形式在being前,加否定词not.Would you mind not smoking here?你介意不在这里吸烟吗?He said sorry for not answering my question.他因为没有回答我的问题说对不起。四、既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词1.常见的既可接动名词,又可接不定式、且含义相同的动词这类动词主要有:like(喜欢),love(喜欢),hate(僧恨),prefer(宁可),begin(开始),start(开始),continue(继续)等。He likes swimming.He likes to swim.他喜欢游泳。He began doing his homework ten minutes ago.He began to do his homework ten minutes ago.他十分钟前开始写作业。2.常见的既可接动名词又可接不定式但含义不同的动词这类动词主要有:stop,remember,forget,try,regret,以及动词短语go on stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事情”stop to do sth.表示“停下(一件事)而去做另外一件事”Stop talking,please.请不要说话了!She stopped to talk.她停了下来,开始说话。 remember doing sth.表示“记着做过某事(已做)”remember to do sth.表示“记住去做某事(将要去做)”I remember turning off the light.我记得关过灯了。Please do remember to turn off the light.千万记着要去关灯。forget doing sth.表示“忘记曾做了某事(已做过了)”forget to do sth.表示“忘记要去做某事(还没有做)”I forget paying the bill.我忘了已经付过钱了。I forget to pay the bill.我忘了去付钱了。 regret doing sth.表示“后悔做过了某事”regret to do sth.表示“遗憾要去做某事”I regretted telling him the truth.我后悔告诉了他事情的真相。I regret to tell you that your mother is seriously ill.我非常遗憾地告诉你你妈妈病得很重。try doing sth.表示“试着做某事”try to do sth.表示“设法去做,努力去做”I tried writing letters in English.我试着用英语写信。I will try to answer your questions next week.我将设法下周回答你的问题。 go on doing sth.表示“继续做原来做的事”go on to do sth.表示“做完某事后接着做另一件”He went on telling his stories.他接着讲他的故事。After he had finished his homework,he went on to read novel.做完作业后,他接着读小说。习题1.Would you mind_door for me? It is very cold.A.close B.closingC.closed D.to close2.I am looking forward to_the army.A. join B.joinedC.joining D.to join3.The teacher asked me_it again.A.not to do B.to not doC.not doing D.doing not4.My father really enjoys_after dinner even though he knows _isnot good for his health.A.smoking;smoke B.smoke;smokingC.smoking;smoked D.smoking;smoking5.When I got home,I found my son was busy_his homework.A.do B.didC.on doing D.in doing6.We must prevent our father_.A.not to smoke B.from smokingC.do not smoke D.for smoking7.It is clear that no one enjoys_.A.laugh at B. laughing atC.to be laughed at D.being laughed at8.I have told you many times that no one would like_.A.to be kept waiting B. being kept to waitC.keeping to wait D.to keep to waiting9.My radio needs_,so I ask my father to have it_.A.repair;repair B.repairing;repairingC.repairing;repaired D.repaired;repaired10.After finishing his work,he went on_an e-mail to his pen friend.A.send B.to sendC.sending D.sent11.-Did you turn off the light?-Let me think it over.Oh,yes.I remembered_light.A.to turn off B.turned offC.having turned off D.turn off12.When you leave for school, please remember_the door.A.to lock B.lockingC.lock D.locked13.You should stay at home instead of_out because it is raining hard.A.go B.to goC.to going D. going14.I can't make myself_because my English needs_.A.understood;improving B.understand;improvedC.understood;improved D.understanding;improving15.She was afraid_fired.A.be B.beingC.of being D.to being16.It's no use_with him over this matter.A.talk B.talkingC.talked D.to talk17.I left the party without_good-bye to anybody.A.say B.saidC.to say D. saying18.People prefer driving to_.A. walking B. walkC.walked D.to walk19.The girl was very angry at_that eveníng.A. being not invited B.not being invitedC.not invited D.be not inviting20.The teacher stopped the stranger_the classroom.A.to enter B.to have enteredD.enters C.entering动词不定式知识点以及练习语法要点动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,通常由加动词原形构成。它不受人称和数的限制,并保留了动词的某些特点,可以有自己的状语、补足语筝。此外,不定式还可以有逻辑上的主语以及时态和语态上的变化。一、动词不定式的作用1.作主语To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness on earth.爱与被爱是人世间最大的快乐。To see is to believe.眼见为实。2.作宾语He offered to go with us.他提出要和我们一起走。I prefer to call off the meeting because of the rain.因为下雨,我倾向于取消会议。He promised not to tell anybody about it.他保证不跟任何人说这件事情。3.作表语To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。(此句的主语为不定式,表语也为不定式。)The greatest happiness is to work for the people.最大的快乐就是为大家工作。4.作宾语补足语I want my son to become a lawyer.我想让我的儿子成为一名律师。I told him to go there at once.我叫他马上到那里去。5.作定语He usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evening.他通常晚上有很多会议要参加。The teacher assigned us two exercises to do at nome.老师给我们布置了两个家庭作业。6.作状语不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果、比较、方式等。在充当表示原因、结果的状语时,不可置于句首。Some eat to live,and some live to eat.有些人为了生存面吃饭,有些人为了吃饭而生存。We're not such fools as to believe him.我们不是傻瓜,不会相信他的。He is too young to join the army.他太年轻,不能参军。To tell(you)the truth,I don't like him.跟你讲实话,我不宮次他。二、不定式与it1.不定式与形式主语it形式主语it代替不定式主语,从而使整个句子的结构比较平衡。如果需要表明不定式这个动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个for来引导逻辑主语。It is impossible to explain what I mean.=To explain what I mean is impossible.很难解释清楚我的意思。It is very difficult for me to do the job.=To do the job is very difficult for me.对我来说,完成这项工作很难。2.不定式与形式宾语it形式宾语it代替不定式宾语,而把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后。He thoight it a great pity not to invite her.=He thought that not to invite her was a great pity.他认为没有邀请她是一大遗憾I find it very difficult to finish the work.=I find that to finish the work is very difficult.我感觉完成这项工作很难。三、不定式to的省略1.在带有复合宾语的某些动词和动词短语后需要省略不定式。这些动词和动词短语主要有:have,make,let,feel,see,hear,observe，watch,hear,listen to,look at等。She always makes her husband cook the meal.她总是让丈夫做饭。Why not let her go?为什么不让她去?2.在and,or,than 后需要省略不定式。两个动词不定式由and,or,than 连接在一起时,第二个动词不定式常常不带to。Do you want o have lunch now or wait till later?你现在吃午饭还是等晚一点再吃?I'd like to lie down and go to sleep.我宁愿躺下来睡觉。四、不定式的时态与语态1.时态不定式的一般现在时表示与主要谓语动词所表示的动作,状态同时发生,或之后发生。I am glad to meet you again.我很高兴再次见到你。They arranged to start early.他们安排早点开始。不定式的进行时如果谓语动词表示的动作发生时,不定式所表示的动作正在进行,这时要使用不定式的进行时。We didn't expect you to be waiting for us here.我们没有想到你会在这里等着我们。I don't want you to be wasting your time like this.我不希望你如此浪费你的时间。不定式的完成时如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,不定式要用完成时。1 am glad to have seen your father.我很高兴见过你的爸爸。1 am sorryto have given you so much trouble.我很抱歉给你带了这么多麻烦。2.语态当不定式的逻辑主语是该动词不定式所表示动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动形式。It is a great honor for me to be asked to speak here.在这里被邀请发言对我来说是莫大的荣幸He wanted his letter to be sent at once.他希望他的信马上被寄走。习题1.She was the first woman_to the committee.A.to be elected B.was electedC.which she was elected D.for her to be elected2.If you promise_angry with me,I will tell you what I have done.A.get not B.not getC.not to get D.not getting3.This book is said_into dozens of languages.A.to have been translatedB.to translateC.to be translatedD.to have translated4.That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but_the police.A.called in B.calling inC.call in D.to call in5.If I had remembered_the window,the thief would not have got in.A.to closeB.closingC.to have closedD. having closed6.I'd rather read than watch television.The programs seem_all the time.A.to get worseB.to have got worseC.to be getting worseD.getting worse7.The sailor did nothing but_the food.A.complain aboutB.complained aboutC.to complain aboutD.had been complaining about8.-What shall I tell them?-You_that I'l see them now.A.had better tellB.had better sayC.had better to tellD.had better to say9._,we had to change our seats.A. To get a better view of the stageB.Getting a better viewC.Having got a better view of the stageD.Got with a better view10.They needed to walk faster_.A.to arrive by their home in timeB.arriving their home on timeC.to reach their home on timeD.reaching their home on time11.John said that he had to run in order_.A.that he catch the busB.that he can catch the busC.to catch the busD.to the bus he could catch12.I hope_home early.A.to drive B.to drive toC.drive to D.drive13_this experiment is not difficult.A.Having done B.Being doneC.To do D. Done14.It is necessary_the book immediately.A.for him to returnB.that he returnsC.his returningD.to him return15.He expressed his wish_the Great Wall.A. visting B.to visitingC.to visit D.that visit16.Do you know_the repairs?A.to do B.how to doC.to make D.how make17.I was pleased_your sister the week before last.A.to meet B.have metC.to be D.to have met18.Let's hurry_late for the meeting.A.so as to be B.so as not to be C. for being D. not being19.It is never too late for anyone_.A.to learnB.to learningC.to be learnedD.to have learned20.I got to the airport,only_that the plane had left ten minutes before.A.found B.findingC.to find D.to have found学科网（北京）股份有限公司