初中英语语法之介词运用辨析与高频考点.docx

初中英语语法之介词运用辨析与高频考点按结构英语介词可分为3类：1.简单介词(约有70个)，如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。2.分词介词(约15个)如：during，following，considering，regarding，speaking，judging，talking等。3.成语介词(约有500个)如：out of，apart from(除之外：别无、尚有)，because of，by means of用、依靠等。按意义英语介词可分为3类：1.时间介词，如：at,on,in,during,over,from,for,until等。2.地点介词,如：at,on,in,across,to,over,between,inside,outside等。3.其它介词，如：by,with,about,except,instead of,due to,apart from等。介词的用法1)表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短语中用介词in，且定冠词the不能省略;表示“在中午，在夜里”的短语中介词用at，不加冠词。in the morning在早上，in the afternoon在下午，in the evening在晚上at noon在中午，at night在夜里2)具体时间前介词用at。.He gets up at half past seven every day.他每天七点半起床。She goes to bed at eleven oclock.她十一点睡觉。3)表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。What do you usually do on Monday morning?星期一上午你通常做什么?Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening?有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗?He watches DVDs on Saturday night.星期六晚上他看DVD。Parents take children to parks on June 1.六月一日，家长们带着孩子去公园。4)在this,last,next,every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。What are you doing this afternoon?今天下午你做什么?He visits his grandma every Friday.他每个星期五都去看望祖母。She is going to Shanghai next Monday.她下个星期一去上海。常用介词比较法(1)as , likeas 表示"作为"强调身份，like (介词)表示"像"As a teacher, he cares for these children.Like a teacher, he cares for these children.(2)with , inwith 表示"外貌特征或附带的东西" ," 用作工具"in 表示"衣着" "用某语言", 在固定搭配中也可用inA man with dark glasses wanted to buy drinks.A man in black wanted to buy drinks.The boy is learning to write in pencil / with a pencil.He retold the text in English.(3)for , tofor表示"为了."To 表示动作对象, "对, 向." 如:He would do anything for his motherland.Did you mention this to my father?你对我父亲提起过这件事吗?for 表示"就某情况而说 ", to 表示一"对某对象而言"如：It's quite warm today for February.就二月的天气，今天够暖和的。What he told you just now was not new to me他刚才对你所说的话对我并不新鲜for 表示"目的,用途"。与go, come 动词连用，(4)except , besidesexcept 表示"从总体中排除一部分", 与bat 同义， besides 表示"除了一部分还有另一部分"We all failed except him. 我们都失败了，但他没有。He speaks German besides French.他懂法外还会讲英语。(5)注意成对介词的用法：get into (out of ) the car, get on (off) the bus, jump onto (off) the platform, out of(6)介词和名词动词等有不少固定搭配和习惯用法：to one's surprise / joy, in charge of , instead of, in bed (hospital), in trouble, in a hurry, in surprise, with a smile, with one voice, according to, at once, on time, in time, in all, at home, (school, work), at last, at least, in the end, by the way, for example, at the same time, at the same speed, on one's way (to), in the sun, on the football team, in line, with the help of, in red / green put on, look for, look after, run after, send for, enter for, pay for, showaround, listen to, arrive in / at, get to, agree with, succeed in, think of (about), wait for,.(7)表示加减乘除，分别用介词plus, minus, times 和动词过去分词divided + by介词用法辨析 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间; 表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院) after与in表示时间的用法区别："after+(具体时刻/从句)"表示"在时刻之后"常用于一般时态;"in+(一段时间)"表示"在(多久)之后",常用于将来时态。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来) since与for表示时间的用法区别："since+(具体时刻/that-从句)"表示"自从起一直到现在","for +(一段斶间)"表示"总共有之久",都常用于完成时态;如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年) by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示"工具、手段",但是by主要表示"乘坐"某个交通工具或"以方式",在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示"使用"某种语言/文字,with表示"使用"某个具体的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)/ Let's go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的) about与on的用法区别：都可以表示"有关",但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示"有关(专题/课程)"。如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游)高频考点、考查介词辨析例1Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for    B. on    C. in    D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意：早上好，Lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。【变式探究】Many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.A. at    B. in    C. on    D. by【答案】B【解析】许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。【变式探究】I hate it when she calls me at workI'm always too busy to carry _ a conversation with her.【答案】on【解析】句意：我不喜欢她在我工作时给我打电话我总是太忙，不能和她进行会话。carry on“继续进行，从事”，符合句意。【变式探究】Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 _ the average.A. below             B. on        C. at           D. above【答案】D【解析】句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。With 的宾语global temperature ，宾语补足above the average。高频考点二、考查介词短语辨析例2. Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.Ain effect     Bin commandCin turn     Din shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：有利的政策正在有效地鼓励员工的职业发展。in effect“有效”。【举一反三】 Chinas soft?power?grows?_ the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding of China globally.A. in line with      B. in reply toC. in return for    D. in honour of【答案】A【解析】句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与.一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 . 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。【变式探究】These comments came           specific questions often asked by local newsmen.A. in memory of           B. in response toC. in touch with          D. in possession of【答案】B【解析】句意：这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of  意为纪念， B. in response to意为回应，C. in touch with意为联系，D. in possession of意为拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用，根据常识和句意，评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。学科网（北京）股份有限公司