初中英语语法学习之现在分词的用法.docx

初中英语语法学习之现在分词的用法现在分词作表语1）现在分词常可以用作表语，特别是那些表示情绪的词：The dirty street is disgusting.那条肮脏的街道令人厌恶。Its amazing that you should know that!你竟然连这都不知道。真令人惊奇。The report is most alarming.这份报告很令人惊恐。He was very amusing.他很有趣。This interruption is very annoying.这样的打断很让人恼火。Its astonishing to me that he should be absent.他竟然缺席，这使我感到吃惊。The plight of the starving natives is appalling.土著居民挨饿的境况简直可怕。The book was rather boring.那本书相当枯燥乏味。The day was so charming.天气真是好极了。Some foreige press reports are quite confusing某些外国新闻报道很令人迷惑不解。To us all this was peculiarly distressing.对我们来说这一切都特别令人苦恼。This was very disappointing.这很令人失望。The test results have been very discouraging.测试结果很令人沮丧。The sight had not been encouraging.那景象并不令人鼓舞。It is frightening even to think of the horrors of nuclear war.即便是想象一下核战争的恐怖都令人毛骨悚然。Skiing is more exciting than skating.滑雪比滑冰更刺激。She was very pleasing in her appearance.她的外貌很招人喜欢。Its all very puzzling.这事整个令人困惑。His concern for his mother is most touching.他对母亲的关爱很感人。It was thrilling to listen to the story of his adventures,听他的冒险故事很激动人心。2） 表示状态，品质的现在分词也可用作表语：The photograph is missing.那张照片不见了。She is always very obliging.她总是乐于助人。The reason he gave was not very convincing.他给的理由不太有说服力。These developments were rather disturbing.这些发展情况相当令人不安。The article was misleading,and the newspaper has apologized.这篇文章具有误导性，报纸已经道歉了。In a way,teaching is rewarding.从某种意义上说，教书是有回报的。The tea smells inviting and tastes fresh.。这茶香气诱人，味道清新。The breeze was cool and refreshing.这阵微风很凉爽提神。That cake looks tempting.那块蛋糕很诱人。Is the matter pressing?这事很紧迫吗？The wheat crop looks promising.小麦收成看来不错。The difference was most striking.差别很明显。这样的现在分词很多都已成了形容词。现在分词作定语1）上节提到的这类现在分词几乎都可以用作定语，修饰一个名词：Mary is an appalling cook.玛丽做饭很糟糕。Those relations of his are boring people.他那些亲属是些讨人嫌的人。The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。That is the least convincing excuse you could offer.那是你能提出的最没有说服力的理由。It was an astonishing performance.这是一场令人惊讶的演出。Thats a frightening thought.这是一个可怕的想法。There is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页。He is a promising new painter.他是一位很有希望的画家。That must have been a terrifying experience.那准是一段可怕的经历。I found nothing amusing in the streets.我在街上没发现什么趣事。I found him a charming person.我发现他是一个讨人喜欢的人。I have had rather a depressing time.我有过一段相当压抑的时期。Acid rain has a devastating effect on the environment.酸雨对环境有破坏性的影响。It was a distressing situation for them对他们来说这是个痛苦的局面。I have long thought of it as the most enchanting village in the area.我长久以来都认为它是这地区最迷人的村庄。Its the most exciting news.这是最激动人心的消息。Hes a most interesting man.他是个非常有趣的人。What a shocking waste of time!这样浪费时间真令人震惊。It was a thrilling development.这是令人激动的发展。Ive had a tiring day.我累了一天。2） 还有一些不及物动词的现在分词，不能用作表语，却可以用作定语：the ailing economy 不景气的经济            a booming town 日渐繁荣的城市dwindling profits 日益减少的利润           increasing demand 日益减少的需求。growing doubts 越来越大的怀疑              diminishing returns 日益减少的效益the existing conditions 现有条件           lasting prevailing fashion 盛行的时装。the remaining days 剩下的岁月              lasting peace 持久的和平a shining example 光辉的榜样               the leading newspapers 主要报纸developing countries 发展中国家            the ruling class 统治阶级a falling star 流星                        the ageing population 日益老化的人口living things 有生命的东西                 the reigning champion当前的冠军the rising generation 在成长的一代         a resounding victory 辉煌的胜利3） 这类定语和构成合成词的动名词是有区别的。现在分词往往表示所修饰名词的动作，而动名词表示目的，用途等。试笔较下面内容：用现在分词作定语                            由动名词构成的复合词flying sauces(=a sauce that flies)飞碟      flying suit(a suit one wears when flying)飞行服sleeping beauty 睡美人                      sleeping-pills 安眠药片the waiting crowd 等候的人                  the waiting room候机（车）室a walking dictionary 活字典                 a walking stick  手杖running water自来水                         running track 跑道the working personal 员工                   working conditions工作条件a livinglanguage 活的语言                   living standard 生活水平4）现在分词还可构成合成形容词作定语;long-lasting effects 长远的影响             long-standing policy 传统政策close-fitting clothes 紧身服                a man-meating beast吃人的野兽a good-looking girl 漂亮姑娘                a hard-working teacher 勤奋的教师far-reaching designs 远大的计划             never-ending work 没完没了的工作a time-consuming job 费时的工作             an easy-going man好说话的人a record-breaking jump 破纪录的一跳         an epoch-making event 划时代的事件earth-shattering news 震撼世界的新闻        laborsaving device 节省劳力的装置oil-bearing crops 油料作物                  fine-sounding words 动听的言辞5）现在分词（短语）还可用在名词后做定语，作用接近一个定语从句：aHere is a leaflet giving(=that gives)full particulars of the plan.这里有一份介绍这计划全部细节的宣传单。This village is made up of 490 families belonging(=who belonged)to five nationalities.村子里有四百九十户人家，分属五个民族。China stretches across a vast area covering(=which covers)the cold,temperate and tropical zones.中国幅员辽阔，包括寒带、温带和热带。We are brothers sharing(=who share)weal and woe.我们是患难与共的兄弟。They plan to build a highway leading(=which lead)into the mountains.他们计划修一条公路通往山区。bWho is the woman talking(=who is talking)to Jim?和吉姆交谈的女人是谁？There were 220 children studing(=who were studing)in the art school.有二百二十个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。There are a few boys swimming(who are swimming)in the stream.有几个男孩在小溪里游水。There is a car waiting (=which was waiting)outside.有一辆小汽车在外边等着。The girl sitting(=who was sitting)next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。There is a bus coming(=which is coming)up.一辆公共汽车正开过来。He was woken up by a bell ringing(which was ringing).他被铃声惊醒。在把分词短语改为定语从句时，从句谓语可以使一个一般时态的动词（a），也可以是一个进行时态的动词，这从上面的例句中可以看出。关于现在分词短语结构的几个问题1）现在分词的完成形式：现在分词有时需用完成形式，说明它表示的动作在主要谓语表示的动作之前发生，这类短语或是作时间状语（a）、或是作原因状语（b）：aHaving found a hotel ,they began to look for a restaurant.找到旅馆之后，他们就开始找餐馆。Having reviewed his lessons,he went to bed.他复习完功课就睡觉了。Having got our tickets ,we drove to the airport to board the plane.买到机票之后，我们就开车到机场登机。Having sent the children to school ,she got ready to go to work.送孩子们上学之后，她就准备去上班。bHaving been ill for two weeks,she felt rather weak.由于病了两周，她感到身体很虚弱。Having lived there for some time,she know the plane quite well.她在那里住过一段时间，因此对那地方很熟悉。Having invited so many people,we had to prepared sufficient food.既然请了那么多人，我们就得准备足够的食物。Not having got answer,I decided to write him another letter.由于没收到回音，我决定再给他写一封信。2）独立结构：有时现在分词可以有自己的逻辑主语，称之为独立结构（Absolute Construction）:The day being fine(=As the day was fine),we decided to go swimming.由于天气晴朗，我们决定去游泳。It being a holiday(=As it was a holiday),all the shops were shut.由于这天是假日，所有商店都关门了。Were playing golf this afternoon-weather permitting(=if the weather permits).要是天气允许，我们今天下午去打高尔夫球。We explored the caves,Peter acting as guide. 由彼得当向导，我们探察了那些洞穴。There being ice on the road,I told the driver to slow down.路上有冰，我让司机开慢点。3）现在分词构成句子状语：现在分词一般表示句子主语的动作，但作句子状语（说明说话人的看法）时，则情况不是这样：Strictly speaking ,that school is not very good.严格地说，那所学校不算很古老。Broadly speaking,adjectives are words that qualify nouns.广义的说，形容词是修饰名词的词。I think,personnally speaking ,its a good idea.就我个人来说，我认为这是个好主意。Judging by his testimonials,I think he will suit the post.从他的推荐来看，我认为他适合这项工作。He leads a very active life,considering his age.考虑到他的年纪，他的生活是很活跃的。Supposing he cant come,who will dou the work?假如他来不了，谁来干这活？这类状语也可称为独立成分（Independent Element）.  学科网（北京）股份有限公司