高三英语语法填空长难句分析讲义.docx

高三语法填空长难句分析Despit the sever challenges _(bring) by natural disasters, China has managed to ensure enough food for over 1.4 billion people through its own efforts, making a positive contribution to global food security.这个句子一看很长，但是只要厘清结构也很容易得出答案。despite是介词，所以结构就是：介词+名词+非谓语(后置定语)，主语+谓语。以下就是更多相似的例子。1. Among the girls _ (face) with challenges, she _(be) the braverest one.答案：faced, was/is解析：among是介词，后面加名词girl, 由于girl不是做主语，后面的face自然也不能做谓语，而是当非谓语，考虑到考查的是be faced with在这个结构，所以填feace, 后面she是主语，所以be要做谓语，没有具体时间限制，填was,is都可以。2.From desert to rainforest_ (house) all sorts of creatures, i _ (travel) all over the past two years.答案：housing， have travelled解析：from.to.是介词，后面加名词rainforest, 由于rainforest不是做主语，后面的house(动词，意为：保存，拥有)也不能做谓语，而是当非谓语，考虑到考查的是A house B(A拥有B)这个结构，所以填housing, 后面I是主语，所以travel要做谓语，有具体时间over the past 2 years限制，填have travelled。3.along the street _(feature) the most amazing gallary, you will enter the world of art.答案：featuring解析：along是介词，后面加名词the street, 由于street不是做主语，后面的faeture(动词，意为：以.为特征，用法相当于has)也不能做谓语，而是当非谓语，考虑到考查的是A feature B(A拥有B)这个结构，所以填featuring。4. In the sky_(cover) with dark clouds, a seabird skimmed over the sea.答案：covered解析：in是介词，后面加名词the sky, 由于sky不是做主语，后面的cover也不能做谓语，而是当非谓语，考虑到考查的是A be covered with B(A被B覆盖)这个结构，所以填covered。(2021，全国甲卷，D ) In the sciences and arts, those praised as genius were most often white men, of European origin.那些被称之为天才的人往往是欧洲裔的白人男性。解析：一个句子出现两个动词，一个是praised，一个是were，那么两个到底谁是谓语谁是非谓语？谓语动词就是各种时态，比如一般现在时：praise/praises,一般过去时：praised,现在完成时：have praised, 过去完成时：had praised, 现在进行时：is praising, 过去进行时：was praising等等。谓语动词就是被动语态，比如：was praised, is praised等等。非谓语的过去分词：praised由于一般过去时：Praised与过去分词praised,看上去形式一样，所有学生不免会混淆，未能分辨出正确的谓语。those praised as genius were most often white men.假设praised做谓语，由于后面有as，那么应该是praise A as B, 把.称之为.。 换过来就是A is praised as B, A被称之为B，很明显，those praised 之间缺少了一个were, 即：those were praised as genius,所以这个praised不是谓语而是过去分词做非谓语放在名词后面做后置定语。剩下的were是系动词。(2021，全国甲卷，D) Around age six, the girls start to avoid activities said to be for smart children.在6岁左右，女孩子开始回避参加那些据说是为聪明孩子们准备的活动。解析：这个句子有两个动词，一个是：start，一个是：said. 由于一般过去时：said 与过去分词:said, 看上去形式一样，所有学生不免会混淆，未能分辨出正确的谓语。activities said to be for smart children.假设said做谓语，由于后面有to be，那么应该是A is said to be B, 据说A是B,  （如：he is said to be the smartes man,据说他是最聪明的人)。 很明显，activities said to be 之间缺少了一个are, 即：activities are said to be,所以这个said不是谓语而是过去分词做非谓语放在名词后面做后置定语。剩下的start是谓语动词。(2022，新高考1卷，D) Charles noted that speech sound called labiodentals were more common in the language.查尔斯注意到被称为唇齿音的语音在语言中更加常见。解析：这个宾语从句that后面有两个动词，一个是：called，一个是：were. 由于一般过去时：called 与过去分词:called, 看上去形式一样，所有学生不免会混淆，未能分辨出正确的谓语。 speech sound called labiodentals.假设called做谓语，根据语境，把A叫做B，应该call A B, 或者A is called B,很显然， speech sound called labiodentals缺少了一个was, 即： speech sound was called labiodentals. 所以这个called不是谓语而是过去分词做非谓语放在名词后面做后置定语。剩下的were是系动词。练习：1.The players_ (select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.2.Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time _ (spend) with his students.3. Most of the suggestions _(make) at the meeting were not very practical.答案：1. selected. 解析：主语是players, 谓语是are expected to do sth, 完美构成 Sb is expected to do sth：某人被期待做某事 / 某人应该做某事, 所以select应该是做非谓语，由于players与select之间是被动关系，所以填selected，表示被动。2. spent. 解析：主语是Jim, 谓语是remembers, 完美构成Sb remember sth：某人记得某事, 所以spend应该是做非谓语，由于happy time与spend之间是被动关系,即：spend happy time，所以填spent，表示被动。2. made. 解析：主语是suggestions, 谓语是were, 完美构成suggestions were not practical，所以剩下的make应该是做非谓语，由于suggestions与make之间是被动关系,即：make suggestions，所以填made，表示被动。阅读真题:Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “Thats why I have a membership at the co-working space across the street so I can focus”. 句式：非谓语，主+谓+宾。解析：1）非谓语放在句首作原因状语。即：(由于)他对办公区里的干扰感到恼火，他说：“这就是我为什么要在街对面的共享空间有个会员资格这样我就可以集中注意力了”2）非谓语做状语的位置：非谓语做状语一般表示时间，条件，方式，让步，原因，结果，目的，所以一般是游离于主谓宾结构之外。即：非谓语(状语)，主+谓+宾 或者 主+谓+宾，非谓语(状语)。3）非谓语的逻辑主语非谓语用-ed还是-ing，看后面主谓宾结构的主语与它是什么关系。如果是主谓关系，用ing。如果是动宾关系，用ed。如：he 跟 annoy的关系是：annoy him，用被动。或者是he was annoyed,那么就把was去掉，保留annoyed就可以了。例子1）Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 解析：1) 因果关系：(因为) 淋了一场大雨，(所以) 他全身湿透了.2) 位置：非谓语(状语)，主+谓+宾。3）catch与he属于动宾关系，即：he was caught :他被困., 由于he was caught要放在句首作状语，那么就把was去掉，保留caught 就可以了。2）Left at home alone, John didnt feel afraid at all.解析：1) 让步关系：(尽管) 一个人留在家里，(但是) 他没觉得害怕.2) 位置：非谓语(状语)，主+谓+宾。3）leave与he属于动宾关系，即：leave him at home,表示被动关系，把leave改成过去分词left. 或者he was left at home 由于he was left要放在句首作状语，那么就把was去掉，保留left 就可以了。3）The trainer appeared, followed by four little dogs. 解析：1) 伴随/方式关系：训练员出现了，(同时)后面跟着四条小狗。2) 位置：主+谓+宾，非谓语(状语)。3）由于follow 后面有by, 我们很容易可看出是被小狗跟着。follow与trainer属于动宾关系，即：follow the trainer,表示被动关系，把follow改成过去分词followed. 或者the trainer was followed by. 由于the trainer was left要放在句尾作状语，那么就把was去掉，保留followed 就可以了。4）Following the old man, we went upstairs.解析：1) 方式关系：我们跟在老人的身后上了楼梯。(上楼的方式是跟着老人，也可以理解为上楼的同时伴随的动作是跟着老人)2) 位置：非谓语(状语)，主+谓+宾。3）这道题follow 后面有没有by。follow与we属于主谓关系，即：we follow the old man,表示主动关系，把follow改成现在分词following. 练习：_(absorb) in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.答案：Absorbed.解析：1) 因果关系：(因为)沉浸在思考之中, (所以)他没听到那个声音。2) 位置：非谓语(状语)，主+谓+宾。3）absorb与he属于动宾关系，即：he was absorbed in., 由于he was absorbed in.要放在句首作状语，那么就把was去掉，保留absorbed 就可以了。 _ (be) ill, he couldnt go to school.答案：Being解析：1) 因果关系：(因为)生病了, (所以)他没去学校。2)位置：非谓语(状语)，主+谓+宾。3）be与he属于主谓关系，即：hewas ill, 由于he was ill要放在句首作状语，ill是形容词，was不能去掉，变为being就可以了。学科网（北京）股份有限公司