英语基本句型结构.pdf

英语五种基本句型英语五种基本句型一、句型 1：主谓这种句型中的动词是不及物动词。常见的不及物动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen 等。如：1)Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。2)The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。3）Spring is coming.4)We have lived in the city for ten years.二、句型 2：主系表这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如：1)This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2)He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,go等。如：1)Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2)The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。三、句型 3：主谓宾这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词1)He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。2)Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。3)She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4)I dont know what I should do next.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。四、句型 4：主谓双宾2)引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。如：1)Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.五、句型 5：主谓宾补这种句型中的“宾语 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）2)We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。3)His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)5)Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,would like,order,force,allow等。注意：动词 have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1)The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。2)I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语 you 常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1.肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他Stand up,please.=Please stand up.请起立。（2）Be+adj.Be careful!=Look out!=Take care!小心/当心！（3）Lets+动词原形Lets go to school together.咱们一起上学去吧。2.否定的祈使句(1)Dont+动词原形Dont stand up.别站起来。Dont be careless.别粗心。Dont let them play with fire.别让他们玩火。（2）Lets(let sb)+not+动词原形Lets not say anything about it.对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。Let them not play with fire.别让他们玩火。3.祈使句的反意疑问句(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用 will you 或 wont you。Please open the door,will/wont you?请把门打开，好吗？(2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用 will you。Dont be late again,will you?别再迟到了，行不行？(3)以 lets 开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用 shall we。Lets turn on the TV,shall we?我们把电视打开，好吗？只有以 lets 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用 shall we，而 let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为 will you 或 wont you.如：Let us stay here,will/wont you?请（你）让我们留在这好吗？语法练兵场单项选择1.The TV is too loud.Please_.A.turn it downB.to turn it downC.turn down itD.to turn down it2._ late again,Bill!A.Dont to beB.Dont beC.Not beD.Be not3._ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A.NotB.WontC.DoesntD.Dont4.Please help me carry it,_?A.will IB.will youC.shall ID.shall we5.Dont make so much noise,_?A.will youB.wont youC.shall weD.do you6.Do you know the girl _under the tree?A.standB.to standC.standingD.stood7.Kate,_ your homework here tomorrow.A.bringB.bringsC.to bringD.bringing8._ me the truth,or Ill be angry.A.TellingB.To tellC.ToldD.Tell9.Ive kept the dog _Maomao for a long time.A.NameB.namedC.namingD.to name10.Dont you know that _ is good for our health?A.swimB.swimmingC.swamD.swims句型转换11.Will you please read it again more slowly?（改为祈使句）_ _ again more slowly,please.12.If you dont listen to me,Ill go.（改为同义句）_ _ me,or Ill go.13.Lets watch the sports games.（改为反意疑问句）Lets watch the sports games,_ _?14.The teachers often tell the students not to be careless.（改为祈使句）_ _careless,please.15.Please sit next to Nancy.（改为否定句）_ _ next to Nancy.16.Dont forget to turn off the lights,please.（改为反意疑问句）Dont forget to turn off the lights,_ _?17.If you move,youll die.（改为同义句）_ _,or youll die.18.Come to my house tomorrow.（改为反意疑问句）Come to my house tomorrow,_ _?19.这是一个坏了的被子。（翻译句子）This is a _ _.20.让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。（翻译句子）Lets go and help the _ _,please.参考答案语法练兵场1-5.ABDBA6-10.CADBB11.Read it12.Listen to13.shall we14.Dont be15.Dont sit16.will you17.Dont move18.will/wont you19.broken glass/cup20.crying girl英语八大基本句型结构英语八大基本句型结构1、主语+谓语。2、主语+谓语+宾语。3、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。4、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。5、主语+系动词+表语。6、There+be+主语+。7、比较句型。8、it+is/was+形容词+to do/that 从句。扩展资料扩展资料1、“主语+谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同，说明“某人或某物如何动作”，或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析：“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。2、“主语+谓语+宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同，用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者说“某人或某物发出了动作，并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。例：I study English.分析：“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。3、“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同，说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”，或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象，其中一个间接对象为人，另一个为物”。例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。4、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。例：He asked her to go there.分析：“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语补充说明宾语做什么)。5、“主语+系动词+表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。汉语的“是”字结构属于这一英语句型的形式之一。常用的联系动词有 be,keep，lie,remain,stand,become,fall,get,go,grow,turn,look,feel,seem,smell,sound,taste,等。例：I am a teacher.我是一名老师分析：“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语即表明主语的身份)。6、“There+be+主语+”(即“存在”句型)这一句型用以说明“在某地或某时存在某人或某物”。例：There is a bird in the tree.在树上有一只鸟。分析：“in the tree”(地点)“there is a bird”(存在物)。7、比较句型这一句型用以比较物质甲与乙之间的异同。1、原级比较:as+形容词/副词原级+as;as+形容词+名词+as例：He is as rich as John.他和约翰一样富有。例：He has as much money as she does.他和她的钱一样多2、比较级：+形容词/副词比较级+than例：She is more careful than he.她比他细心多了。3、最高级：the+形容词/副词最高级+(单数名词或one)+of(among)+人或物/in+场所例：He is the tallest in the class.他是班上最高的。8、“it+is/was+形容词+to do/that 从句”(即评价句型)这一句型用于说明“做某一动作或事情属于什么性质或具有什么特征”。即对某一动作或事情进行评价。(这里 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to do 结构或 that 从句)例：It is important to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语很重要。分析：本句重在说明“学习一门外语”(to learn a foreignlanguage)这一动作的性质是“重要的”。