职称英语--基础精讲班--语法词汇讲义.pdf

职称英语基础班语法词汇教 材 说 明：军 仅0 讲 义 服 老 师 声 音 顺 序 完 全 配 套参 考 教 材篮 皮 书：金 西 飘 林 英 语 考 武 历 隼 禀 题 号 穆 拟 武 典 汇 编 经 济 科 学 四 版 社（2007年4月）语法词汇一、单项填空Practice 11.Whats this English?Its key.A with B in C forwith本身代表伴随状况，for本身的意思表示为了，但在职称当中往往结合一个时态来考。当 fo r和完成时态一起考时，会出现 主语+have/has+done会出现两种情况：一种为since,另一种为for。如果要是since首先要跟过去的时间点，第二要跟过去时的句子。而for要求加一段时间。例句：I have studied English since twothousand o I have studied English since I was a child o 1 have studied English forfive yearso2.Dont be hard that poor girl.Aon B to C forbe hard o n 对谁严厉，对谁无情3.Mary is a visit China.Aon at B ow in C on to如果要指代地点的时候，一般at要跟的地点为小地点,in 要跟的地点为大地点。如果要加时间的时候，in要加一段时间，at加短暂的一段时间或时间点。4.The teacher asked you made her a small desk.A if B that C soso+形容词/副词（一般为that表示如此以至于）他学习很努力，以至于考试通过了。He studied so hard that he past the exam。i f 只引导两大从句，第一引导条件状语从句，翻译为如果；第二引导宾语从句，i f 要翻译为是否。that在引导宾语从句的时候是没有词义的，也不充当任何成分。that在完型中的三大作用：第一、代词。第二、名词性从句中的连接词。（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同谓语从句）第三、限定性定语从句中的关系代词。5.The sentence is hard to understand there are no new words in it.A but B because C thoughthough引导让步状语从句，等同于althougho在英文中有though就不可以再出现b u t,有but就不可以再出现thought。在英语中只有看到因为，肯定不会出现所以。（because和 so不可以同时出现）hard这个单词表示难得，它的同一解释为difficult。6.Tom didnt see the book.I didnt see it,.A neither B either C alsoneither表示两者之间都不，如果要表示也不的时候必须要倒装。neither n o r 翻译为既不也不。either表示也，用于否定句句尾。either o r 翻译为：或者 或者a ls o 表示也，用于肯定句句中。too 表示也，用于肯定句句尾，它的前边有一个逗号。7.The third skirt is of all,but its too dear.A good B better C the best比较级用于两者之间，最高级用于三者之间。a ll表示三者以上。形容词的最高级前面要有定冠词th e,副词的最高级可以省略它。8.This blouse is not that one.A as expensive than B so expensive than C as expensive as比较级后边要求加than,但是比较级前面可以有程度副词来修饰。修饰比较级的程度副词有：much、far、a little a bit、even。as.as中间要求加形容词或者是副词的原级。它的否定有两个：not so.as,not as.aso9.These T-shirts are great,but theyre not.A enough cheap B cheap enough C enough cheaperenough修饰形容词、副词时，enough要后置。10.一How far is it from here to your school?About six walk.A minute B minutes C minutesa minutes 一分钟的路程。两分钟路程two minutes11.What is there in space?A the B/Cain space在太空中,中间没有任何冠词。定冠词the 一般用来特指，也可以放在世界上独一无二事物的前面。12.There m about English teachers in our city.A two hundred B two hundreds C two hundred d ofhundred百，thousand千，million百 万，billion十亿，这些表示数字的词只要前面加具体的数字了，那么它们后边一律不许加s；如果这些数词后边加上of 了，那么后边一定要加So13.Will you go and the football match?A have a look B look at C watch观看比赛只能用watch这个词。如果要用look at,一般用在看黑板，照片等。看电影用se e,看书看报用read。watch还可以用作手表，看电视。14.Its cold today.Please your sweater.A put on B wear C take offtake o ff脱下，飞机的起飞。wear表示穿着的状态，可以用于进行时；have on也表示穿着，但是不可以用于进行时。put o n 表示穿上的动作。15.No hurry.Pl e a s e.A take ten minutes B take your time C take your timestake ones time 慢慢来16.Mum,tomorrow is Sunday.Must I get up at six?No,you.A mustnt B couldnt C needntmustt如果单用的时候，它是表示严禁。couldnt是不可能，needt不必。17.Excuse me,may 1 your telephone?I have something important to tellmy mother.A take B 1 end C uselend sb 等于lend.to sb,以主语为单位翻译为借出去。另外一个借叫borrow,borrow sb.等于borrow.from s b,以主语为单位翻译为借入。have something important to d o 有些重要的事情要做。18.Mr is used before name of a Englishman.A the first B the middle C the last19.He has two kites.O ne is bi g,i s small.A the other B another C other两者中的特指用one,the other；one,another是一个再一个，不能特指。some,others 一些，另一些，都是复数。只要是带the的就是特指，other和 others是用来泛指，不带s 后边可以加名词，带 s 的后边不可以加名词。20.What food youve cooked!We like it very much.A famousB usualC delicious21.The river is very d i r t y.p e o p l e go to swim in it.A few B Many C Fewfe w和a few都是修饰可数名词复数，而血le和a little都是修饰不可数名词;few和little表示否定的意思，而a few和a little代表肯定含义。many和much的区别：many是修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词。people它没有单数，如果是一个人说成one person,两个人说成two personopeople当民族的时候，有单复数的含义。22.Thomas Edison,a grit inventor,was born in 1874.A French B American C British哪年出生用born in23.If it next Sunny,we wont go to the park.A rains B rain C raining主将从现：就是在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示。24.The old teacher in this school since 1962.A workedB worksC has worked25.Pens_ by people for writing.A useB usingC are used被动语态的构成：be+done+by26.Where is Li Ping?She Beijing.A has gone to B has been to C wenthas gone t o表示去了，还没有回来呢。has been to 表示去了，已经回来了。27.Uncle L i London and will stay there for a month.A has left B has come from C has left forle a v e离开是一个非延续性词，leave fo r动身去，come from 从哪里来28.Could you tell me when the dinner par t y,please?A begins B would begin C will begin只要是和过去时有关的词它必须要有过去的标杆，和过去有关的词为一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时。29.The policeman told the boys in the street.A not to play B dont play C not playtell sb to do 告诉某人做某事 tell sb not to d o告诉某人别做某事30.Several thousands of trees in our city every year.A have planted B has been planted Care plantedPractice 21.The boy became very interested English.A at B in C to横线左边要是有动词、名词、形容词的时候先去查，然后再查右边。对 感兴趣 be interested ininterested和interesting的区别:这两个词都是形容词,interested是用来修饰人的,interesting是用来修饰物的。The fi l m.2.They wm arrive here two weeks.A after B for C inin+一段时间 表示将要的动作。for+一段时间前面的动词必须是可延续的。3.The teacher decided to send the boy from school.A for B away C upaw ay离开 send f o r派人去请4.The knife is made metal and wood.Ato B of C frombe made of、be made from 和 be made inbe made i n哪里生产的,be made o f和be made from都表示由什么组成，be madefrom不可以看出原材料而be made o f可以看出原材料。5.There are two computers hew.of them nice.A Both.is B Neither.are C Neither.isboth是指两者都，谓语动词要用复数。neither表示两者都不，谓语动词要用单数。三者都的肯定用a l l,三者都得否定用noneo6.John wm not listen to you you am right.A whether B but C unless在时间状语从句和条件状语从句会出现主将从现的现象。whether只引导两大从句，一个是让步状语从句，翻译为：无论 是否；另一个是名词性从句，翻译为：无论 是否。whether有 时一和or not或o r连用。unless 要翻译为:如果不。unless=if.not7.He is tired that he cant walk any further.AveryB tooC soso.that 如此.以至于.8.My father isnt as he was last week.A busier B so busier C so busynot so.as 只用于否定9.Betty isnt quite Alice.A more careful thanB less careful as C as careful as10.The doctor said to him,Just a col d.A Anything serious B Nothing serious C Serious nothing形容词修饰不定代词的时候，形容词要后置。不定代词就是some词、any词、no词等。something importantsomething interesting11.I my English book in reading-room.Please go and get it for me.A forgot B lost C leftforgot的原形叫forget,忘记的意思，第一：它的后边要求可以加to do；第二：它的后边可以加doing。forget to d o 表示动作还没有做呢，忘记做了；forget doing是忘记做过了。remember i已着，remember to do t己着要去做，还没有做；remember doing 是记得做过某事，做过了。12.There are some pictures in old book.A a B an C thethe是唯一的定冠词，特指；如果泛指才用a 或 a n,读音是以元音开头的用an。英语当中有五个元音字母，a,e,i,o,uothere b e结构：be动词可以分为is和a r e,就近原则，不可数名词永远用单数。29 O n the faculty of the university there arc.A they can find the best studentsB the universitys academic advancement and physical extensionC come of the most distinguished scholars of the worldD where a sports meet is held every yearE must have been the top students n their classF must be hardworking13.There i sO a nd U in the word hour.A a.a B a.an C an.a14.The machine was ma ki ng.A lot of noise B lot of noises C a lot of noisa lot o f表示许多,后边要求加可数名词的复数或者加不可数名词;lots of表示许多,后边要求加可数名词的复数或者加不可数名词;a l o t修饰动词，doa loto make noise 弄出噪音15.My grandmother has lived here near l y.A all her life B her all life C all the lifeall the life生活了 一辈 子（固定搭配）16.She began to something,but stopped when she heard the teacherspeaking.A tell B speak C sayt e l l告诉 tell sb s th告诉某人某事，tell sb to d o告诉某人做某事speak 是说语言 speak Englishsay sth to s b 跟某人说某件事情ta lk 谈论hear sb doing或 hear sb d o,只要是doing就是正在进行的动作，do就是将要或发生过的过程。watch 观察，watch sb doing 观察某人在做，watch sb d o 观察某人要做。notice 注意，它一旦变成被动语态时，原来省略的to要加上。I heard him singo He was heard to singo25.The girl was heard in the next room.A sing B to sing C sang语法词汇（二）一、单项填空P ra c ti c e 216.She began to something,but stopped when she heard theteacher speaking.A tell B speak C sayhear sb.dohear sb.doing表示正在进行的动作，变成被动语态省略的t o 要加上17.I know something about Xian.I there many times.A have gone B went C have been去了还没回来 have has goneA 项是去了还没回来答案：c18.Jim Green has been a student in this school for.A three and a half year B three and a half years C three year and8 half year答案：C考查时间的表达方式for+一段时间一天半a day and a half/one and a half days19.Tom to work long hours yesterday.A found B Was looked C was seen答案：C感官动词+sb.do/doingTom被看见昨天在这长时间的工作look为不及物动词 look for look atI saw Tom work long hours yesterday.Tom was seen to work.20.一 I watch TV tonight?一Yes.But you finish your homework first.A May,may B Must,may C May,must答案：Cmay是商量，must是必须21.The Turners will make the eagle high in the sky.A fly B flies C flew答案：A考查的是make的用法make的用法：1.make+代词/名词 make me.make Tom.(1)make+代词/名词+名词(2)make+代词/名词+形容词(3)make+代词/名词+do(4)make sth.done2.make+形容词+名词短语30 Financial support from both private organizations and thegovernment has made p o s s i b l e.A they can find the best studentsB the universitys academic advancement and physical extensionC come of the most distinguished scholars of the worldD where a sports meet is held every yearE must have been the top studentsn their classF must be hardworking22.Wei Hua won the girls 400 metres.She the school sportsmeeting.A was good at B did well C did well in答案：Cwas good at 擅长did well i n 在.方面做得好23.I ts time for elms.Boys and girls,stop.A talk B to talk C talking答案：Bstop to d o停下来去做后面的事情stop doing 禁止24.You;d better swimming in the sea.A not to go B not go C don,t go答案：B考查的是固定搭配had betterhad better do/not do25.The girl was heard in the next room.A sing B to sing C sang答案：C考查固定搭配 why not+do have sth.Donehas his wallet stolenhave my hair cuthave my bike repairedhave sb.do 让某人做某事 make sb.do let sb.DoI have him read books.我让他读书27.S h e lived here for three years.A didnt B has been C hasn，t答案：B28.The twins usually look.So we often mistake themeach other.A sa m e f orB th e sa m e wi thC th e sa m e f or答案：C2 9.T h e re are pe opl e i n th e pa rk.A si x h un d re d s B si x h un d re d s of C h un d re d s of答案：Ch un d re d/th ousa n d/m i 1 1 i a r等词前加了具体的数字，则后不能加s。3 0.T h e m oon i s k i l om e tre s a wa y.A th re e h un d re d s a n d e i g h ty th ousa n d sB th re e h un d re d s a n d e i g h ty th ousa n dC th re e h un d re d a n d e i g h ty th ousa n d答案：CPractice 31.S h e a sk e d th e sh opk e e pe r wh e th e r sh e woul d try th e sh oe s.A to B on C up答案：B试 穿try onA t o后必须加动词原形try to d o试图做某事T ry to stud y E n g l i sh.T ry to pa ss th e e xa m.try d oi n g=d o 试一试try e a ti n g=e a t try pl a yi n g=pl a y2.T h e J oh n s tra ve l l e d C h i n a l a st ye a r.A onB ove rC th roug h答案：c3.Planes,cars and trains are used businessmentravelling.A Onfor B foron C by for答案：C4.you she can borrow the book because there is onlyone left.A Bothand B Eitheror C Neithernor答案：BNeithernor 既不.也不.Eitheror 要么.要么.5.of us has much time.We have much homework todo.A Bothboth B Bothneither C Neitherboth答案：C6.You cant do it and I can，t do it.A also B either C neither答案：Balso用于肯定句，表 示“也”neither 得用倒装 neither can Ie i t h e r用在否定句句尾表示也”t o o前有“，”，用于肯定句的句尾表示“也”7.He is the tallest boy.A of the threeB with his brothersC than anyother boy in his class答案：A比较级+than+any other+单数名词形式上的比较，意思上的最高8.Wu Dong is in our class.A taller than any studentsB taller than any studentC taller than any other student答案：C9.There i s park near our school.A quite a niceB a quite niceC quite nice答案：A10.He wants to ride machine like bike and fly it1 ike plane.A atheaB theaaC thethethe答案：C11.Whos the mall in the jeep?Hesfather.A Lucy and LilyB Lucys and LilysC Lucy andLilys答案：C12.Come and listen to me.I have to tell you.A something importantB important somethingC anything important答案：A形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词后置13.There a sports meet in our school next week.A will have B is going to he C holdD will hold答案：B14.一Have you been to Beijing?一No,never.A just B ever C yet答案：Bjust、ever、yet都和完成时have been连用just:刚刚ever：曾经yet用于完成时、否定句的句尾完成时的重要标志词：since,for,just,ever,yet,already（用于肯定句），recently副词ever放在助动词和动词原形中间表示“曾将去过”Xhave been ever副词一般会放在助动词和实意动词之间Most Americans 51_ out of me country and have very_ 5 2 experience with foreigners.52 A a little B little C much D a great deala great deal必须加o f来修饰名词15.Dont forget to an umbrella with you.I t)s going to rain.A bring B take C carry答案：Bbring:带来take:拿走carry:随身携带16.You had milk and bread for breakfast,you?A dont B hadn，t C didnt答案：C考查的是反义问句反义问句翻译成中文是“是吗”规则：前半部分用肯定形式，后半部分就用否定形式前半部分用否定的，后半部分就用肯定的注意：前后时态要一致否定词：no not never hardly little few seldom.只要前半部分含有这些词，后半部分就要用肯定形式He had finished the work by yesterday,hadnt he?助动词不能独立作谓语，它必须协助动词共同作谓语He had supper,didn，t he?17.The You climb,the sight（风景）you can enjoy.A higher-beautifulB highermore beautifulC more highermore beautiful答案：Bthe+比较级+句子 翻译为“越.越.The harder you study,the more progress you will make.The more you eat,the fatter you are.比较级前要用程度副词来修饰程度副词（原级）+比较级+than程度副词有：much far a little a bit even18.The work before h e back.A can doisB can be donecomesC will be done,arrive答案：B19.The old teacher in this school since 1962.A worked B works C has worked答案：C20.“You made a mistake,Tom.She said.S h e Tom that hea mistake.A said tomade B toldhad made C saidhad made答案：B一般过去时强调的是过去的时间发生的动作过去进行时强调的是过去的那个时间正在进行的动作过去完成时强调的是过去的过去发生的动作过去将来时是强调在过去看来将要发生的事情1.过去完成时要求用在文章当中2.过去完成时用在从句中，主句是过去时，从句是过去时的某种时态动作有明显一前一后时，明显在前的动作要用过去完成时从现在看来是超前的，要用将来时动作发生在现在之前，用过去时从现在看来是超前的，要用将来时动作发生在现在之前，用过去时动作从过去开始持续到现在，可能还要持续下去，用现在完成时时态和语态1.一般现在时一表示客观事实，强调反复重复的动作用得时候有时间状语：every sometimes often always on Sundays公式：(1)表示状态 主语+be+adj./n.(2)其他动词主语是he/she/it谓语用单数第三人称；主语是I/we/you/they,谓语用动词原形2.一般过去时一动作发生在过去，在过去结束be:was were谓语动词用过去时与所有的过去时间状语连用yesterday last night/week3 .进 行 时b e+d oi n g表达此时此刻正在进行的动作如果b e动词是a m,i s,a re为现在进行时一现在正在发生4 .过去进行时b e动词为wa s,we re时为过去进行时一过去的某一时间正在发生移动性动词用进行时表达将要发生的动作c om e g o a rri v e l e a v e5 .现 在 完 成 时h a v e/h a s+d on e强调动作必须从过去开始，对现在有影响或持续到现在可能会继续持续下去6.过去完成时强调动作发生在过去的过去7.一般将来时(1)wi l l/sh a l l+d o(sh a l l只用于第一人称I及其复数we)一没有计划的(2)b e g oi n g to d o(b e=a m/i s/a re)一提前计划好了超前发生8 .过去将来时(1)wou l d/sh ou l d+d o(2)wa s/we re g oi n g to d o9 .完成进行时现 在 完 成 进 行 时h a v e/h a s+b e e n+d oi n g表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在没有间断，甚至还要继续一直持续下去1 0 .过 去 完 成 进 行 时h a d+b e e n+d oi n g11.一般将来完成时 will/shal 1+have+done动作从过去开始，将来某个时间结束12.过去将来完成时 would/should+have+done13.一般将来进行时 wi 11/shal 1+be+doing将来某个时间正在进行的动作14.过去将来进行时 would/should+be+doingI said I would be sleeping at this time tomorrow evening.过去将来某个时间正在进行的动作15.一般将来完成进行时 will/shal 1 have been doing动作从过去开始，一直没有间断，到将来某个时间结束I will have been studying English by the end of next year.16.过去将来完成进行时 would/should have been doing被动语态的总构成be+done(1)一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are+done经常发生的事情(2)一般过去时的被动语态 was/were+done(3)现在进行时的被动语态 am/is/are+being doneThe classroom is being cleaned.(4)过去进行时的被动语态 was/were being doneThe classroom was being cleaned at this time yesterday.(5)现在完成时的被动语态 have/has been doneThe classroom has been cleaned.(6)过去完成时的被动语态had been doneThe teacher said the claddroom had been cleaned(7)一般将来时的被动语态 w ill/shall be doneThe classroom will be cleaned after class.(8)过去将来时的被动语态 would/should be doneThe teacher said the classroom would be cleaned after class.(9)一般将来完成时的被动语态 w ill/shall have been doneThe book will have been writen by the end of this year.(1 0)过去将来完成时的被动语态 would/should have been doneThe writer said the book would have been writen by the end of thisyear.Practice 321.Did you see themA to swimin the river just now?B swain C swimmingsee为感官动词，另外还有watch,hear,notice,这些动词是要求跟不带to 的不定式；如果这些动词变为被动语态时要还原t。doing和 to do的区别：doing只表示动作正