职称英语等级卫生A类卷考试试题.pdf

2003年 职 称 英 语 等 级 卫 生 A 类 卷 考 试 试 题 第 1部 分：词 汇 选 择 1.The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A.inventedB.explainedC.consideredD.accepted2.He talks tough but has a tender heart.A.heavyB.strongC.wildD.kind3.I t is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A.makingB.takingC.expectingD.discussing4.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A.wasteB.buyC.sellD.use5.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A.functionB.abilityC.volumeD.power6.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A.tenselyB.nearlyC.closelyD.carefully7.Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.A.excitedB.supportedC.inspiredD.directed8.The book provides a concise analysis of the countrys history.A.cleanB.perfectC.briefD.real9.I t is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A.suggestedB.warnedC.confirmedD.statedlO.The council meeting terminated at 2 oclock.A.beganB.continuedC.resumedD.ended1 l.A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A.substituteB.signC.proofD.target12.However bad the situation is,the majority is unwilling to risk change.A.eagerB.reluctantC.pleasedD.angry13.lt has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did notmerely regulate or enlarge an old one.A.controlB.limitC.replaceD.offset14.The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of thearea.A.investigateB.denyC.stressD.create15.The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased thecost of shipping cargo by water.A.suddenlyB.graduallyC.excessivelyD.exceptionally第 2 部 分：阅 读 判 断 阅 读 下 面 这 篇 短 文，短 文 后 列 出 7 个 句 子，请 根 据 短 文 的 内 容 对 每 个 句 子 做 出 判 断。如 果 该 句 提 供 的 是 正 确 信 息，请 在 答 题 卡 上 把 A 涂 黑；如 果 该 句 提 供 的 是 错 误 信 息，请 在 答 题 卡 上 把 B 涂 黑；如 果 该 句 的 信 息 文 章 中 没 有 提 及，请 在 答 题 卡 上 把 C 涂 黑 Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerScientists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免 疫 缺 陷)virus(HIV),one of mankind s most feared viruses,as a carrier of genes which can fight cancerand a range of diseases that cannot be cured.The experts say HIV has an almostperfect ability to avoid the body s immune（免 疫 的）defenses,making it ideal forcarrying replacement genes into patients?bodies,according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute,one of the worlds leading researchcenters on biological sciences,has created a special new breed of HIV and has startednegotiations with the US Food and Drug Administration（FDA）to begin clinicalgene therapy（治 疗）trials this year.The first trials are expected to involve patientssuffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leaderProfessor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have v far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely to cause controversy since it involves making use of avirus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past twodecades.Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was“shocking“but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of thepotentially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patient?s body failsto work properly.In the past two years,breakthroughs in genetics（遗 传 学）have ledgene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately,the bodys immune defenses have been known to attack the modifiedgenes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress inthe field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier.The HIV virus has the ability to escape from,and then destroy,the immunedefense cells designed to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists asa way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients5 bodies.1 FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2 The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely accepted.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3 HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have beenremoved.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned4 The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the bodys immune cells.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned5 Other countries are also expected to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6 It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes tocure cancer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7 The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第 3 部 分：概 括 大 意 与 完 成 句 子 Exercising Your Memory31 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power,unless you help ithelp by letting your mind go.2 That*s not to say that memory doesnt change throughout life.Researchers dividememory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored.Onesystem divides it up as short-term(less than one minute;remembering a telephonenumber while you dial,for instance),long-teiui(over a period of years)and verylong-term memory(over a lifetime).3 Short-term memory isnt mastered until about age 7,but after that you never loseit.Long-term memory,however,involves more effort and skill and changes throughlife.Ifs not until the early teens that most people develop a mature long-term memory.4 First,we must get information into our heads through learning.Learningstrategies can get rusty(生 锈 的，迟 钝 的)without constant use.High school andcollege students,who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memoryabilities(at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam),usually do wellon memory tests.The longer you stay in school,the more chance you get to polishyour learning skills.Its no wonder that more highly educated people have moreeffective memory skills throughout life.5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they didwhen younger,a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectuallyactive reading,discussing,taking classes,thinking and those who do not.Givingthe brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles.Brainworkkeeps your learning strategies in shape,and this helps your memory to function at fullcapacity.6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention(保 持；,i己,theability to store what you have learned.Memory researchers still do not know whethermemories are lost whether they still exist in the brain nut our mental searchingcannot turn them up,or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages.7 The third necessity for memory is recall,the ability to mind the memories wehave stored.Again,while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities ofdifferent people,research indicates that the older we get,the longer it takes to recallfacts.But slower recall is still recall.In fact,aging does not seem to have any effecton forgetting at all,which takes place at the same rate in younger and older people.23.Paragraph 324.Paragraph 425.Paragraph 526.Paragraph 6A.Effects of aging on a persons recall abilityB.short-term memory versus long-term memoryC.retention as the second necessity for memoryD.like between learning strategies and effective memory skillsE.Significance of exercising your musclesF.importance of staying intellectually active27.Retention refers t o.28.The rate of forgetting is the s a m e.29.Remembering something all your l i f e.30.Exercising your brain every day is b e n e f i c i a l.A.to the proper function of your memoryB.is called long-term memoryC.the capacity to store what you have learnedD.belongs to every long-term memoryE.the ability to remain mentally healthyF.for younger and older people第 4 部 分：阅 读 理 解 第 一 篇 First AidFirst aid is emergency care fbr a victim of sudden illness or injury until moreskillful medical treatment is available.It may save a life or improve certain vital signsincluding pulse,temperature,a clear airway（气 道）,and breathing.In minoremergencies,first aid may prevent a victims condition from turning worse andprovide relief from pain.First aid must be administered as quickly as possible.In thecase of the critically injured,a few minutes can make the difference between completerecovery and loss of life.First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and the providers level ofknowledge and skill.Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important asknowing what to do.Improperly moving a person with a neck injury,for example,canlead to permanent spinal（脊 柱 的）injury and paralysis（瘫 痪）.Despite the variety of injuries possible,several principles of first aid apply to allemergencies.The first step is to call for professional medical help.The victim,ifconscious,should be reassured that medical aid has been requested,and asked forpermission to provide any first aid.Next,assess the scene,asking other people or theinjured personJ s family or friends about details of the injury or illness,any care thatmay have already been given,and preexisting conditions such as diabetes（糖 尿 病）orheart trouble.The victim should be checked fbr a medical bracel6t（手 镯）or card thatdescribes special medical conditions.Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe orcard that describes special medical conditions.Unless the accident scene becomesunsafe or the victim may suffer further injury,do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whetherlife-threatening conditions exist.One method fbr evaluating a victim s condition isknown by the acronym（首 字 母 缩 写 词）ABC,which stands for:A-Airway:is it open and clear?B-Breathing:is the person breathing?Look,listen,and feel for breathing.C-Circulation:is there a pulse?Is the person bleeding externally?Check skin colorand temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.531.First aid may bring about all the following results EXPECTA.saving a victims life.B.preventing a victims condition from getting worse.C.relieving a victim from pain.D.helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury.32.Before we administer first aid to a victim,it is very important for usA.to make sure what to do and what not to do.B.to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid.C.to remove the ring or bracelet he may be wearing.D.to take him to a hospital at once.33.1n administering first aid to a victim,you should first of allA.remove him from the accident scene.B.turn him over.C.call fbr professional medical help.D.examine him carefully.34.You may assess a victims condition by all the following EXPECTA.checking whether there is a pulse.B.looking,listening and feeling fbr breathing.C.replacing his medical bracelet or card.D.examining whether the airway is open and clear.35.The purpose of the passage is to tell the readerA.the importance of protecting the accident scene.B.some basic facts about first aid.C.what professional medical help is.D.who can administer first aid.第 二 篇 Stress at Work and Still HealthyThe term could yet become the word of the year;stress is on everyone9s lips thesedays and everywhere.Not only managers,officials and teachers are complainingnowadays,housewives,children and pensioners now also have their own problems.They too sacrifice themselves for others,feel under-or overworked and quickly losetheir inner balance.Irritation,tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow.But that is onlythe negative aspect.Stress,after all,is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life,tension and vitality（活 力）.u Firstly,stress is healthy,says Wolfgang Stehling from Eltvelle.The doctor andmanagement consultant says:It occurs when the body loses its inner balance,butthen stress hormones are produced to re-establish the balance.Thus stress is nothingmore than a positive reaction of the body to pressure.It is unavoidable as part of ournature:There is no such thing as a stress-freeBut whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or to tenseness of the musclesdepends on the duration（持 续 时 间）,its cause or causes and the sufferer,s personalsituation.People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply theflu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negative stress.Others,people who feel refreshed at every new turn,are relaxed and successful,willview a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positivechallenge than a cross to bear.Exercise,healthy eating and relaxing are thus the three pillars by which stresscan be conquered almost every time.These factors form a unit,explains MaritaVoelker-Albert,spokeswoman for the governments Nutrition Advice Center inCologne.Its campaign“Gut Drauf”（Feeling Good）is targeted at young people.Thegovernment agency s research suggests that three out of four adolescents feel tired,overtaxed（负 担 过 重）and under stress.Eating disorders and complaints such asmigraines（偏 头 痛）and indigestion（消 化 不 良）,nervousness and concentrationproblems have increased among 12-to 16-year-olds.But even the best solutions don t work if they are not put into practice,saysStehling.Anybody who goes jogging regularly,practices yoga（瑜 伽 功）and prescribesgood literature as a cure for negative stress,may well end up under more pressure ashe tries to find the time for it all.Sometimes,says the consultant,it helps to take timeout to reduce stress levels over a weekend.36.Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress?A.Stress has both positive and negative aspects.B.Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure.C.Stress only leads to serious problems.D.Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature.37.A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feelA.fit and healthy.B.under-or overworked.C.relaxed and happy.D.irritated,tired and exhausted.38.Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress?A.Those who suffer from the flu.B.Those who are in good moods.C.Those who are successful.D.Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.39.All the following complaints are said to have increased among children aged 12 to16 EXPECTA.painful headache.B.indigestion.C.nervousness and concentration problems.7D.loss of memory.40.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress?A.Reading good literature.B.Practicing yoga.C.Having a healthy diet.D.Working overtime.第 三 篇 Is the News Believable?Unless you have gone through the experience yourself,or watched a loved onesstruggle,you really have no idea just how desperate cancer can make you.You pray,you rage,you bargain with God,but most of all you clutch at any hope,no matter howremote,of a second chance at life.For a few excited days last week,however,it seemed as if the whole world was acancer patient and that all humankind had been granted a reprieve（痛 苦 减 轻）.Triggered by a front-page medical news story in the usually reserved New York Times,all anybody was talking about-on the radio,on television,on the Internet,in phonecalls to friends and relatives was the report that a combination of two new drugscould,as the Times put it,cure cancer in two years79In a matter of hours patients had jammed their doctors9 phone lines begging for ac