中考英语阅读理解专题复习教学设计.pdf

中考英语阅读理解专题复习教学设计吴忠市第四中学叶静芳一、教学目标：1、知识与技能目标：1）了解中考阅读理解题的特点。2）掌握简单有效的四种阅读策略和解题策略，以提高答题正确率。3）通过大量的训练实践引导学生观察，思考，归纳，运用，帮助他们熟练并能有效地运用各种策略，锻炼思维及实践操作能力。2、情感态度与价值观：帮助学生形成正确清晰的解题思路，掌握有效的技巧，让学生在课堂上通过亲身体验各种解题技巧的形成和运用，得到思维的锻炼。让学生逐步地从“了解策略掌握策略熟练运用策略”发展，帮助学生实现从“学读”到“会读”再到“乐读”的转变，培养学生自主学习的能力，并有效提高英语成绩。二、教学重难点：1、掌握阅读理解解题的四种阅读策略和解题策略。2、各种策略在实践中的熟练运用。三、教学对象分析：之前学生对阅读理解题的特点不太了解，解题方法也不太明确，因此答题正确率不高。甚至有的学生做阅读理解题就瞎蒙，完全碰运气，往往在这种题型中失分率较高。四、教学方法语篇整体阅读教学法五、教学辅助手段：多媒体六、教学过程Step 1:介绍中考命题原则，命题形式和特点，分析中考命题趋势。命题原则：根 据 英语课程标准对阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：1、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；2、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；4、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息5、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上2、命题说明阅读理解能力是初中英语中考的主要考查内容，着重考查学生理解各种题材和体裁的书面材料的能力以及从各种材料中获取信息的能力，不仅考查细节，还重视考查深层理解能力，包括把握所读材料的主旨和要义、根据已知事实作出简单推断、理解作者的观点和态度以及根据语境猜测词义等。考试形式不仅有传统的选择题型，还将设置非选择题型。第四大题阅读理解部分短文数将由3 篇增至4 篇，分值和题数保持不变。命题趋势体裁多样，题材涉及广泛，时代感强。考察项目以细节理解为主，兼顾一定数量的词汇句意题，推断题和主旨题。近几年细节理解题数量有所下降，推断题和主旨题数量有所增加，说明对学生的阅读理解能力要求有所提高。设计意图：学生对中考既害怕又想了解，通过介绍和分析，激发了学生的学习兴趣，引导学生观察思考，从而进一步介绍和训练各种阅读策略和解题策略。Step2:介绍和训练四种阅读策略介绍四种阅读策略常见的阅读策略有：略 读（skimming）：快速将材料读一遍，了解文章大义。找 读（scanning）：根据所要寻找的信息，有选择地阅读。目的是掌握细节内容，快速获取有效信息。词 意 猜 测（word-guessing）：根据上下文，常识或构词法猜测文中单词或短语的意思。推 理 判 断（inferring）：根据语篇知识，上下文及常识等理解文章隐含之意；利用注释，归纳等逻辑手段，借助图表等对文章各种语言信息和非语言信息作出适当的推理和判断。设计意图：在课堂教学中，教师结合教学内容对学生进行不同的阅读策略指导，让学生在完成学习任务的过程中练习，巩固使用策略。学生对英语阅读的兴趣及水平都会增强。在课堂教学中渗透阅读策略训练是提高学生自主学习能力的有效途径。Step3:介绍中考考察项目及相应解题策略，并让学生分小组合作学习，讨论。考察项目及解题策略（1）细节题。在中考阅读理解中，大部分题目属于细节理解题，旨在考查考生对某个具体事实或某个具体情节，或对某个特定的细节是否理解，有的答案可从所提供的阅读材料中直接找出；有的答案是短文中某个句子或经过改写的句子；有的则需要结合上下文提供的信息进行简单的分析，概括，甚至计算，最后得出正确答案。However,the other company doesn t have a special place for people to askquestions.If a customer asks a question,it takes a long time to get an answer.Sometimes people may never get an answer at all.It always makes customersunhappy.（2015年宁夏中考）48.If you ask the second computer company a question,you may.A.never get an answerB.get a prize instead of an answerC.get an answer very soonD.get an answer from a special placeWhat do you want to be?I know what I m going to do.I have always loved cooking so T m going to be achef（厨师）.r 1 1 go to college for about two years where V 1 1 learn all about cooking.Then I 1 1 work in a kitchen until I can become a real chef I m going to buy arestaurant and have lots of staff who everything I ask!IfT m lucky,I 1 1 even have aTV show like Jamie Oliver.Most famous chefe are men but there?re a lot of verygood women chefe,too.T 1 1 be one of them 2012 年宁夏中考题Linda dreams of.A,playing footballB.being a policewomanC.caking care of animalsD.having her own restaurantHe has silver hair and is very kind.He feels that his age helps him with his job.Heremembers a lot of things people ask about.He says that every day is different,so heis never bored.（2015 年宁夏中考）46.The 63-year-old man is never bored b e c a u s e.A.he believes that he is cleverB.he thinks every day is differentC.he knows that he is kindD.he finds that his job is easy to(2)词汇句意题。考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵，掌握大量单词和习语是重要的，但语言是活的东西，做这类题时，考生应尽可能通过上下文猜测词义，即利用所熟悉的词或短语和上下文已知的部分来进行合理推理，有时还需要依据常识和经验Alain climbs as a hobby.He also does it to make money for charity(ft)r poorchildren and the homeless).(2014 年宁夏中考)。58.The underlined word“charity“means in Chinese.A.享受 B.休闲C.慈善 D.消费For example,sunglasses are not just for feshion but they can also serve as a greatway to protect your eyesight from UV rays.64.What do the underlined words UV rays mean?A.沙 尘 B.闪 电 C.紫外线 D.超声波1.1 could see nothing because the light was so dim.2.Tom is very rude,but his brother is quite elegant.(3)推断题。推断性考题旨在考查学生透过表面的文字信息，对某些深层次情节经过分析、综合、归纳，作出合乎逻辑的推理。这类题的答案通常不在文章中明确表现出来，要求考生在全面理解文章的基础上，推断文章的潜在含义，找出结论。Companies should have a person who will answer people?s questions.It keepscustomers happy.Happy customers will keep doing business with the company.（2015）宁夏中考49.The writer thinks it is for companies to have a person answeringpeople?s questions.A.difficult B.interestingC.silly D.irrportantThere were so many people to talk to,but I always felt embarrassed（尴尬的）aboutmy English.（2015）宁夏中考53.Carla felt embarrassed b e c a u s e.A.she missed her catsB.London was too bigC.her roommate was using the telephoneD.she couldn t speak English well（4）主旨题。即考查考生对文章的主题，标题、中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。主题思想是文章的核心。能否抓住文章的主题思想，是考生阅读能力的重要体现。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的主题句（Topic Sentence）。有的文章一开始就亮出主题，全文随着主题而展开。有的文章则需要学生善于抓住文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文，看作者主要谈的是什么，透过文字叙述的过程来归纳主题，再从选择项中找出最符合表达主题思想的选项。有些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。要指导考生在做题时不要被局部现象迷惑，而忽略了文章的整体思想。例如：（首段）Rico is a dog who lives in Germany.His owners trained him from ayoung age to find his toys.When they say the name of a toy,Rico can find it.In fact,he seems to know the names of 200 toys!（尾段）From these tests,animal researchers know one thing for sure.Rico hasgiven them a lot to think about.（2012 年宁夏中考题）Ihe best title for the passage is.A.German dogs are the smartestB.An unusual dogC.How dogs play gamesD.The best toys for Rico（首段）As a child,Alain Robert was afraid of heights.One day,when he was 12,hereturned home from school.At the front door of his building,he looked for hiskeys.When he opened his eyes,he told himself,“I can do it.Fifteen minutes later,he was in his house and his fear of heights was gone.（首段）.If you have a dreamsomething you really want to doit can becomereal But you must be brave and keep trying.If something bad happens,don,t give up.Close your eyes and tell yourself“I can do it.（2015 年宁夏）56.The main idea of this passage is.A.climbing buildings is easyB.Alain Robert is afraid of heightsC.everyone can climb a tall buildingD.you can control your fears学生小组合作进行篇章阅读训练You may not have heard the words freshman fifteen“before,but they areimportant for students who are entering university.A freshman is a first-year collegestudent.Fifteen“means fifteen pounds-the fifteen pounds added to a students weight in his or her first year.There are a number of reasons why firstyearuniversity students gain（获得）weight;but it s encouraging to know that freshmandon,t have to add these harmful（有害的）fifteen pounds.Mistakes choosing foodUniversity kitchens serve many kinds of food.Some students choose unhealthyfood,because now their parents are not nearby（在身边）to help them choose.Somestudents visit the kitchen many times while studying.Late at night,some students getharmful fost food such as hamburgers.Students also have less time for walking,running,and doing sports because of their schoolwork.Eating rightIf you re careful,you don t have to add fifteen pounds.Here are some ideas;O Think more about what you eat.OEat plenty of vegetables and healthy meat.D on t eat desserts（甜点）ftiD of sugar;have fruit after dinner.O lry not to eat so much junk fbod（垃圾食品）while you study.O lt,s all right to have a little fest food sometimes-but not often.O Write down the food you eat.OWalk,run,do sports-move and you will feel better!Remember that the“freshman fifteen“can happen to anyone.Talk to your friendsabout it.Together,try to eat healthy food and not eat junk food.Walking,running,andplaying sports is always more fun with friends.Help each other and you can have ahealthy and happy freshman year.（）56.The main idea of this reading is to.A.get students ready to gain fifteen poundsB.sell healthy food to new studentsC.help new university students not to gain fifteen poundsD.show the mistakes students make in choosing food（）57.The freshman fifteen is.A.weight that high school students can gain at shcoolB.fifteen pounds of fbod that first-year students eatC.weight that first-year university students can gainD.fifteen students who eat junk food at university（）58.Which of these ideas about eating right is not talked about in the reading?A.Eating vegetables.B.Mixing(混合)vegetables and fruits.C.Having a little fest food.D.Writing down the food.()59.Students eat unhealthy food becaus e.A.their parents arenJ t nearby to helpB.they want to save more inoneyC.they don t want to eat while they studyD.they don,t like to eat desserts()60.The writer of the passage would probably agree t hat.A.think little about what you eatB.students can eat whatever they likeC.gaining fifteen pounds can help you study betterD.friends can help you to eat right live happily设计意图：通过小组合作学习和讨论，让学生了解解题各种策略。同时在题型训练中巩固解题策略，使学生能熟练运用。Step 4:自我反思和总结教师询问学生以下几个问题：1、你以前是如何解题的？其解题效果与今天的方法比如何？2、今天我们学到的阅读策略有哪几种？解题策略有哪几种？3、你认为你还要在哪方面加强，以提高解题效率？教师总结解题步骤、策略和启示。设计意图：通过学生自己的反思和总结，学生能更好地认识到自己的不足和今后努力的方向，同时也使学生提高应考的信心。Step 5：家庭作业课后独立完成练习卷，然后与同学交流答案，通过讨论得出最佳答案。七、教学反思：阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，同时阅读理解题也是考查范围广，难度也较大一种题型。长期以来，学生对于阅读理解题没有足够清楚的认识，有畏难心理。对于即将面临中考的学生而言，如何缓解其解题的恐惧心理，使其掌握简单有效的阅读方法和解题策略至关重要。本堂课的设计从缓解学生解题紧张情绪开始，帮助学生正确认识阅读理解题，并通过小组合作学习，让学生在体验中交流并总结归纳出解题策略。再经过实践中的解题指导，帮助学生逐步把感性认识上升为理性认识，并在大量的训练中熟练运用各种解题策略和步骤，从而真正对学生今后的解题起指导作用。当然，如果练习巩固部分能更深入地开展，留给学生更多时间，关注每一层面学生的发展，效果就更佳了。