中考英语复习：阅读理解主旨大意技巧.pdf
中考英语专题复习：阅读理解主旨大意技巧主要涉及到文章的主题（中心思想）标题、写作目的、以及文章的写作结构等。技 巧：1）找主题句。主题句是归纳文章中心的句子。主题句在文章中的位置通常有五 种：句 首，句 尾，首尾呼应式，隐含式。主题句在句首和句尾相对来说比较容易找到。首尾呼应式，往往是在文章开头提出主题，接着在进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，进一步深化主题。隐含式主题在文章没有明确的位置，阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括推导出文章的主题。2）注意首段和各段第一句话，将其含义连接成一个整体3）小 心 首 段 陷 阱 ，不要一看开头就选择答案常见提问方式：1.What is the main idea of this passage?2.What is the author s main point?3.What is the subject of this passage?4.The main purpose of the passage?5.The title of this passage would be.Now many young people are traveling around the world on theirown,not because they have no one to,travel with,but because theyprefer to go alone.What is the best title for the passage?A.Travel in Foreign Countries B.Travel Alone C.Travel EarlyD.Travel Far答案 B句中反复出现travel on their own,go alone等高频词。People in many countries learn English and they learn it in differentways.Some learn it at school.Some learn it by themselves.Others learnEnglish by radio,on TV or in films.The main idea of the passage is.A.People in many countries learn English in many waysB.Some learn English at schoolC.Some learn English by themselvesD.Others learn English by radio,on TV or in films.（答案：A,根据段首句可知。）You mom does a lot of housework,and youd really like to help herout.How can you make things easier for your hard-working mom withoutadding any trouble?Here is some advice for you.Caring for your own spaceSharing some of your moms tasks（工作）Organizing a Moms Day Off”Being active（积极的）Whats the passage mainly about?A.How to be an active child.B.How to help your mom at home.C.How to organize family activities.D.How to be independent.答案B caring for.active是每段的小标题Should children do the chores?Some people think that childrenshould not do the chores,but many experts believe that children canbenefit（受益）from doing the chores.They can learn problem-solvingskills and independence from the chores.However,most experts agree that the chores should fit（适合）thechild.For example,young children shouldn t wash the dishes or take outthe rubbish.As the children grow older,many experts advise giving them moredifficult chores like washing the dishes and walking the dog.What s the best title for this passage?A.Why should children do the chores?B.How long should children do the chores?C.What chores fit children?D.When should children do the chores?答案A由首段第一、二句可知。If s known that the most important reason for brushing your teeth isto fight off cavities（虫牙）.But if the way you brush your teeth is not right,it will make you more possible to get cavities.So find out what youz redoing wrong,and how to break these bad habits for better teethaccording to（根据）my working experience.You donz t brush for long enough.You re not watching what you re doing.Your brushing way needs to be improved.You re brushing too hard.You re using the wrong brush and toothpaste（牙膏）.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Bad habits to brush teeth.B.Brush teeth more times.C.Choose the famous brush.D.Brush teeth in a soft way.答案 A You don t brush for long enough.toothpaste（牙膏）.是每一段的开头，而且是中心句。附：阅读理解解题技巧重要性：阅读理解分值占比高话题：故 事，寓言，人物，科普，政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理等体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、表格等1）记叙文因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易 懂，所以平时遇到的大多是夹叙夹议的文章。这类文章的基本结构模式是：（1）一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历（话题）（2）叙述完经历后发表感悟或发现，做出总结或结论2）说明文说明文的一般结构模式：提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题）-发现直接原 因 分析深层原因-得出结论或找到解决办法。3）议论文议论文模式是主张-反主张模式。在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点,或者提出反主张或真实情况。议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。阅读理解必胜解题步骤：1.有的放矢：先读题目，找出关键词和发问中心，确定题型。先看问题，再读文章：带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，做到有的放矢,高效省时。读题目时要划出关键词。什么是关键词呢?比如，一般疑问句，要圈出动词或动词短语，特殊疑问句要圈出特殊疑问词及动词或动词短语。这样即便看完文章后发现已经不记得问题时，只看圈出的关键词即可知道大意，不用再将题读一遍，还可节省时间。2.精 准 定 位：带着题目关键词跳读原文，找到关键词细读全文，认 真 推 敲：针对题目的要求，细心阅读与试题有关的词汇、句子或 段 落，要特别留心一些信息词。3.确 定 答 案：在原文关键词左右找出答案特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题。对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较，以阅读材料的内容为依据，在理解的基础上进行比对，不要掉进干扰选项的陷阱。主要题型：细节理解题，词义猜测题，推理判断题，主旨大意题。
